tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-25820969050889773602024-02-19T18:17:27.496-08:00Tugas Galau Informasi, Makalah, Wisata, Tutorial, Musik, Video & FotoFadhilah OKUhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10281099993610775199noreply@blogger.comBlogger284125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582096905088977360.post-22904552226293979152022-01-17T17:24:00.000-08:002022-01-17T17:24:03.452-08:00PELANGGARAN HAK DAN PENGINGKARAN KEWAJIBAN WARGA NEGARA BERIKUT CONTOH<p style="text-align: justify;"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 5.9pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KLIPING<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 5.9pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 5.9pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PELANGGARAN HAK DAN PENGINGKARAN KEWAJIBAN WARGA NEGARA<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 5.9pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
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</span><!--[endif]--><b></b><p></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18pt;"><o:p> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgpfmlRFO8Fo3mfNoMUyptZ3LPfblTWtvOf5R8vkKjY1kx-5-xcttEnscAg_YBim_IM25qAup09FZ2z279Ijn_KBHfYMDn7tMj106RXAD672ntmCggrozX8tRs7DTAc35R6vTwcCvPO_S0kAANvZTMDXxcU_HCBad0zXhfLVk9W051eIvnIVoROs90VsA=s4128" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3096" data-original-width="4128" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgpfmlRFO8Fo3mfNoMUyptZ3LPfblTWtvOf5R8vkKjY1kx-5-xcttEnscAg_YBim_IM25qAup09FZ2z279Ijn_KBHfYMDn7tMj106RXAD672ntmCggrozX8tRs7DTAc35R6vTwcCvPO_S0kAANvZTMDXxcU_HCBad0zXhfLVk9W051eIvnIVoROs90VsA=s320" width="320" /></a></div></o:p></span></b></b></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 5.9pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 5.9pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">DISUSUN OLEH:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 5.9pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NAMA : <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 5.9pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KELAS : <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 5.9pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">GURU PEMBIMBING : <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 5.9pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 5.9pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SEKOLAH<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 5.9pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TAHUN PELAJARAN 2021/2022<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 5.9pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 5.9pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengertian Pelanggaran HAM<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 11.75pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut UU No. 39 Tahun 1999, pelanggaran hak asasi manusia adalah
setiap perbuatan seseorang atau kelompok orang termasuk aparat negara baik
disengaja maupun tidak disengaja atau kelalaian, membatasi, dan atau mencabut
hak asasi manusia seseorang atau kelompok orang yang dijamin oleh Undang-undang
ini, dan tidak mendapatkan, atau dikhawatirkan tidak akan memperoleh
penyelesaian hukum yang adil dan benar, berdasarkan mekanisme hukum yang
berlaku.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 11.75pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Secara sederhana, HAM adalah sesuatu yang seharusnya dilindungi,
dijaga, dan dijunjung tinggi oleh setiap manusia dengan negara sebagai
penjaminnya.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 11.75pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jika HAM seseorang tidak dijaga, dilindungi, dihormati, bahkan
sampai dicabut atau diabaikan maka artinya sudah terjadi pelanggaran HAM.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 5.9pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jenis-Jenis Pelanggaran HAM<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 11.75pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berdasarkan sifatnya, pelanggaran HAM dapat dibedakan menjadi
dua, yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin-right: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Pelanggaran
HAM Biasa</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Adalah kasus pelanggaran HAM yang ringan dan tidak sampai mengancam
keselamatan jiwa orang. Namun, ini tetap saja termasuk dalam kategori
berbahaya apabila terjadi dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Beberapa contoh
pelanggaran HAM ringan adalah pencemaran lingkungan secara sengaja,
penggunaan bahan berbahaya pada makanan yang disengaja, dan lain-lain.</span></div><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin-right: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Pelanggaran
HAM Berat</span></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Adalah pelanggaran HAM yang mengancam nyawa manusia seperti pembunuhan,
penganiayaan, perampokan, perbudakan, atau penyanderaan.</span></div><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 11.75pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut UU. RI Nomor 26 Tahun 2000 tentang Pengadilan HAM,
Pelanggaran HAM Berat dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi dua, yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin-right: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kejahatan
genosida, yaitu setiap perbuatan yang dilakukan dengan maksud menghancurkan
atau memusnahkan seluruh atau sebagian kelompok bangsa, ras, kelompok
etnis, atau kelompok agama.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin-right: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kejahatan
kemanusiaan, yaitu perbuatan yang dilakukan sebagai bagian dari serangan
yang meluas atau sistematik. Serangan ini juga ditujukan secara langsung
terhadap penduduk sipil. Bentuknya berupa pembunuhan, pemusnahan,
perbudakan, pengusiran atau pemindahan penduduk secara paksa, perampasan
kemerdekaan, dan masih banyak lagi.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; color: black; line-height: normal; margin-right: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></li></ol>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-right: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh Pelanggaran HAM<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<h3 style="background: white; line-height: 22.05pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">1.
Pembersihan PKI (1965-1966)</span></h3>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #333333; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Berkaitan dengan dibunuhnya 30 jenderal dalam
peristiwa 30 September 1965 (G30S/PKI) pemerintahan Orde Baru menuding PKI
sebagai biang keroknya.</span><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #333333; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Pada saat itu, pemerintah melakukan operasi
pembersihan PKI dan simpatisannya untuk membubarkan organisasi komunis tersebut.</span><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #333333; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Komnas HAM memperkirakan ada sekitar 500 ribu
hingga 3 juta warga tewas terbunuh dalam operasi tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #333333; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<h3 style="background: white; line-height: 22.05pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">2.
Tragedi Trisakti (1998)</span><span style="color: #1c1c1c; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background: rgb(248, 248, 248); color: #2a2a2a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tragedi Trisakti terjadi pada tanggal 12 Mei
1998. Dalam tragedi ini, mahasiswa yang berdemonstrasi menuntut Presiden
Soeharto turun dari jabatannya, terlibat bentrok dengan aparat yang ingin
membubarkan demonstrasi. Empat orang mahasiswa meninggal dunia akibat tertembak
dalam tragedi ini, di antaranya Hafidin Royan, Elang Mulia Lesmana, Hertanto,
dan Hendriawan Sie.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2a2a2a; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18.6667px; font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">3.
Pembunuhan Munir (2004)</span></b></div></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #2a2a2a; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><br /></span></div><span style="color: #2a2a2a; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #f8f8f8; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Munir Said Thalib merupakan seorang aktivis
yang aktif memperjuangkan hak-hak asasi manusia. Munir meninggal dunia dalam
perjalanan menggunakan pesawat menuju Amsterdam, Belanda. Uji forensik
kepolisian Belanda memperlihatkan bahwa ada jejak senyawa arsenikum dalam
proses otopsi. Munir diduga meninggal karena diracun oleh seseorang. Ada pihak
yang tidak suka terhadap sepak terjang Munir dalam memperjuangkan hak asasi
manusia.</span></div>
</span><p></p>
<h3 style="background: white; line-height: 22.05pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">4.
Tragedi Talangsari (1989)</span></h3>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #333333; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Tragedi Talangsari yang terjadi di Lampung
pada 7 Februari 1989 termasuk dalam salah satu pelanggaran HAM berat di
Indonesia.</span><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #333333; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Pada masa tersebut Soeharto mengadakan program
Pedoman Penghayatan dan Pengamalan Pancasila(P-4).</span><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #333333; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Program ini banyak menyasar masyarakat Islam
yang kritis terhadap pemerintahan Orde Baru.</span><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #333333; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Sampai akhirnya hal tersebut memancing reaksi
kelompok Islam di Indonesia, termasuk kelompok Warsidi di Lampung.Akhirnya
kelompok Warsidi dituduh radikal dan mendapat perlakuan represif dari militer
serta polisi yang menyebabkan tragedi pembantaian.</span><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #333333; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Dalam tragedi tersebut, ada sekitar 130 orang
tewas dan 229 dianiaya.</span><span style="color: #333333;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>Fadhilah OKUhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10281099993610775199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582096905088977360.post-78186330744560301462021-08-25T18:53:00.002-07:002021-08-25T18:53:56.505-07:00SEJARAH TERJADINYA PERANG AFGHANISTAN<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><b>SEJARAH TERJADINYA PERANG AFGHANISTAN</b></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTsc-fffYN53tjBAGkJ327TN6NQ-W8y8EbY6kKBJBWYSKCKZFlaUaj6yVXUJw0OrWUduL26T4dk2GUbSSe8os0JBvAc9ZgyI-D4Uqyi_pS1v00wVV5jUr23kOp2qPvIM_dhtgQgojzbweC/s640/AFGHANISTAN.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="360" data-original-width="640" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTsc-fffYN53tjBAGkJ327TN6NQ-W8y8EbY6kKBJBWYSKCKZFlaUaj6yVXUJw0OrWUduL26T4dk2GUbSSe8os0JBvAc9ZgyI-D4Uqyi_pS1v00wVV5jUr23kOp2qPvIM_dhtgQgojzbweC/s320/AFGHANISTAN.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><h1 style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 11.25pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;">
Setelah berperang selama 20 tahun di Afghanistan, pasukan asing akhirnya
menarik mundur tentara mereka masing-masing setelah tercapai kesepakatan antara
Amerika Serikat dan kelompok Taliban. Konflik Afghanistan sudah menewaskan
puluhan ribu orang dan memaksa jutaan orang menjadi pengungsi.<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 21.6pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;"><span style="color: red;"><b>Bagaimana awal mula perang
Afghanistan terjadi?</b></span></span><span style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: 0px 0px scroll white; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; line-height: 21.6pt; margin: 0in 0in 22.5pt; orphans: 2; outline: none 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-size-adjust: 100%; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">Dilansir dari laman the New
York Times, beberapa pekan setelah kelompok Al Qaidah menyerang AS pada 11
September 2011, Presiden George W Bsuh mengumumkan pasukan AS melancarkan
serangan terhadap kelompok teroris dan Taliban di Afghanistan.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: 0px 0px scroll white; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; line-height: 21.6pt; margin: 0in 0in 22.5pt; orphans: 2; outline: none 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-size-adjust: 100%; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">"Serangan terukur dan
terkendali ini dirancang untuk menghalangi Afghanistan menjadi basis operasi
teroris dan untuk menyerang kemampuan militer rezim Taliban," kata Bush
waktu itu. AS menganggap pemimpin Al Qaidah Usamah Bin Ladin bertanggung jawab
atas serangan ke AS yang menewaskan lebih dari 3.000 orang itu. Bin Ladin
berada di Afghanistan, di bawah perlindungan Taliban, kelompok Islamis yang
berkuasa sejak 1996.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: 0px 0px scroll white; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; line-height: 21.6pt; margin: 0in 0in 22.5pt; orphans: 2; outline: none 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-size-adjust: 100%; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">Bush mengatakan, Taliban yang
kemudian menguasai hampir semua wilayah Afghanistan, menolak permintaannya untuk
menyerahkan sang pemimpin Al Qaidah yang sudah merencanakan serangan ke AS dari
markas mereka di Afghanistan. Dia mengatakan serangan ini bertujuan menyeret
pemimpin Al Qaidah ke pengadilan dan "kini Taliban harus membayar
harganya."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: 0px 0px scroll white; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; line-height: 21.6pt; margin: 0in 0in 22.5pt; orphans: 2; outline: none 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-size-adjust: 100%; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">Pada saat itu Bush juga
memperingatkan operasi militer bernama Enduring Freedom ini akan menjadi
"operasi yang cukup panjang dan tidak pernah terjadi sebelumnya."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: 0px 0px scroll white; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; line-height: 21.6pt; margin: 0in 0in 22.5pt; orphans: 2; outline: none 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-size-adjust: 100%; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">Pada Desember 2001, Usamah Bin
Ladin dan sejumlah pemimpin Al Qaidah melarikan diri ke Pakistan, negara sekutu
AS. Pasukan AS tidak memburu mereka dan Pakistan menjadi lokasi perlindungan
bagi para pemimpin Taliban.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: 0px 0px scroll white; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; line-height: 21.6pt; margin: 0in 0in 22.5pt; orphans: 2; outline: none 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-size-adjust: 100%; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">Di Afghanistan sendiri pasukan
AS dengan mudah menjatuhkan pemerintahan Taliban.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: 0px 0px scroll white; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; line-height: 21.6pt; margin: 0in 0in 22.5pt; orphans: 2; outline: none 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-size-adjust: 100%; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">Pada Desember 2002, juru bicara
Taliban menawarkan tindakan menyerah yang ditolak oleh AS. Hampir 20 tahun
kemudian AS akhirnya sepakat dengan Taliban untuk gencatan senjata dan
bernegosiasi untuk peralihan kekuasaan politik dengan pemerintahan Afghanistan
yang didukung AS.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: 0px 0px scroll white; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; line-height: 21.6pt; margin: 0in 0in 22.5pt; orphans: 2; outline: none 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-size-adjust: 100%; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">Pasukan NATO bergabung dengan
AS dan pemerintahan Afghanistan yang baru terbentuk pada 2004 tapi serangan
Taliban tak pernah surut.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: 0px 0px scroll white; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; line-height: 21.6pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; orphans: 2; outline: none 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-size-adjust: 100%; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">Meski demikian, AS dan NATO berupaya membangun negara
Afghanistan yang bergaya demokrasi barat, menghabiskan miliaran dolar untuk
membangun negara miskin yang dilanda perang selama dua dasawarsa. Pemerintahan
yang pro=Barat akhirnya berdiri. Sekolah, rumah sakit, fasilitas publik
dibangun, Ribuan perempuan yang dilarang sekolah di masa Taliban, akhirnya bisa
sekolah. Perempuan akhirnya bisa kuliah, bekerja, dan menjadi anggota parlemen
dan pejabat pemerintah. Media independen bermunculan. Tapi <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-position-x: 0px; background-position-y: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; outline: none 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><span style="color: #2b67a2;">korupsi</span></span></span> juga
merajalela. Dana ratusan juta dolar untuk pembangunan dan investasi
diselewengkan. Pemerintah tidak mampu memenuhi kebutuhan dasar rakyatnya.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin: 9.75pt 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: red;"><b>Tewasnya Usamah Bin
Ladin</b></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21.6pt; margin-bottom: 22.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penambahan pasukan di
masa Presiden Barack Obama mencapai puncaknya, hampir 100.000 tentara AS
bercokol di Afghanistan pada pertengahan 2010. Langkah itu mampu menekan
Taliban tapi tidak untuk waktu yang lama.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21.6pt; margin-bottom: 22.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada Mei 2011, pasukan
elit Angkatan Laut AS membunuh Usamah Bin Ladin di persembunyiannya di
Abbottabad, Pakistan, tempat dia tinggal hampir setahun lamanya dekat lokasi
pelatihan militer Pakistan. Pada Juni tahun itu, Obama berjanji akan mulai
menarik mundur pasukan AS dan menyerahkan tanggung jawab keamanan kepada orang
Afghanistan pada 2014.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21.6pt; margin-bottom: 22.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada 2014, tahun yang
paling berdarah sejak 2001, Pentagon menyimpulkan perang ini tidak bisa
dimenangkan secara militer dan hanya perundingan damai yang bisa mengakhiri
konflik. Pasukan internasional NATO mengakhiri misi mereka, meninggalkan
Afghanistan ke tangan militer Afghan.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21.6pt; margin-bottom: 22.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dengan kondisi perang
yang tertahan, Obama mengakhiri operasi perang utama pada 31 Desember 2014 dan
beralih melatih dan membantu pasukan keamanan Afghanistan.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21.6pt; margin-bottom: 22.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada saat itulah Taliban
mendapat kesempatan dan berhasil merebut banyak wilayah.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21.6pt; margin-bottom: 22.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tiga tahun kemudian
Presiden Donald Trump mengatakan meski dari awal dia berniat menarik mundur
semua pasukan AS, dia menekankan segala penarikan mundur akan bergantung pada
kondisi di lapangan, bukan kerangka waktu.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21.6pt; margin-bottom: 22.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pemerintahan Trump juga
mulai berdialog dengan Taliban sejak 2018 tanpa melibatkan pemerintahan
Afghanistan yang dipimpin Presiden Ashraf Ghani.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21.6pt; margin-bottom: 22.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perundingan damai antara
AS dan Taliban sudah beberapa kali terjadi dan kesepakatan penarikan mundur
pasukan AS bermula dari perundingan di Qatar pada Februari 2020.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21.6pt; margin-bottom: 22.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kesepakatan itu berisi
pasukan AS harus meninggalkan Afghanistan pada 1 Mei 2021. Sebagai imbalannya
Taliban berjanji akan memutus hubungan dengan kelompok teroris seperti Al
Qaidah dan ISIS cabang Afghanistan, mengurangi kekerasan dan bernegosiasi
dengan pemerintahan Afghanistan yang didukung AS. Namun kesepakatan itu tidak
menyinggung konsekuensi jika Taliban tidak memenuhi janjinya.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 21.6pt; margin-bottom: 22.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kesepakatan AS-Taliban
ini tidak menghentikan serangan Taliban, mereka kemudian beralih melancarkan
serangan ke pasukan Afghanistan dan warga sipil. Wilayah kekuasaan mereka
semakin luas.</span></p>
<h2 style="background: white; margin: 9.75pt 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: red;">Ongkos perang</span><span style="color: black; font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></h2>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: 0px 0px scroll white; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; line-height: 21.6pt; margin: 0in 0in 22.5pt; orphans: 2; outline: none 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-size-adjust: 100%; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">Seberapa besar ongkos perang
Afghanistan?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: 0px 0px scroll white; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; line-height: 21.6pt; margin: 0in 0in 22.5pt; orphans: 2; outline: none 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-size-adjust: 100%; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">Dalam hal korban jiwa, memang
sulit mendapatkan angka pasti. Jumlah korban tewas di pasukan koalisi lebih
tercatat dengan baik ketimbang di pihak Taliban dan warga sipil Afghanistan.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: 0px 0px scroll white; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; line-height: 21.6pt; margin: 0in 0in 22.5pt; orphans: 2; outline: none 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-size-adjust: 100%; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">Penelitian oleh Universitas Brown
memperkirakan korban jiwa di pihak pasukan Afghanistan mencapai 69.000 jiwa.
Dan warga sipil serta militan yang tewas masing-masing mencapai 51.000 jiwa.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: 0px 0px scroll white; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; line-height: 21.6pt; margin: 0in 0in 22.5pt; orphans: 2; outline: none 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-size-adjust: 100%; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">Lebih dari 3.500 tentara
koalisi tewas sejak 2001--sekitar dua pertiganya pasukan AS. Lebih dari 20.000
tentara AS luka.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: 0px 0px scroll white; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; line-height: 21.6pt; margin: 0in 0in 22.5pt; orphans: 2; outline: none 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-size-adjust: 100%; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">Menurut PBB, Afghanistan
menjadi negara ketiga terbesar di dunia yang warganya mengungsi.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: 0px 0px scroll white; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; line-height: 21.6pt; margin: 0in 0in 22.5pt; orphans: 2; outline: none 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-size-adjust: 100%; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">Sejak 2021, sekitar lima juta
penduduk Afghanistan mengungsi dan tidak bisa kembali.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: 0px 0px scroll white; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; line-height: 21.6pt; margin: 0in 0in 22.5pt; orphans: 2; outline: none 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-size-adjust: 100%; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">Universitas Brown memperkirakan
AS menghabiskan dana perang dan rekonstruksi di Afghanistan dan Pakistan
sebesar USD 978 miliar hingga 2020.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: 0px 0px scroll white; box-sizing: border-box; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; line-height: 21.6pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; orphans: 2; outline: none 0px; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-size-adjust: 100%; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="color: black;">Pasukan AS dan koalisi yang tewas mencapai 3.586. <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-position-x: 0px; background-position-y: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; outline: none 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><span style="color: #2b67a2;">Polisi</span></span></span> dan militer
Afghanistan yang tewas 75.971. Warga sipil (termasuk pekerja kemanusiaan,
jurnalis, kontraktor) 78.314. Pasukan oposisi, termasuk Taliban 84.191 jiwa <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-position-x: 0px; background-position-y: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; outline: none 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 21.6pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: black; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 21.6pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: black; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Sumber : merdeka .com</span><span style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>Fadhilah OKUhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10281099993610775199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582096905088977360.post-7805424924258955582021-04-12T20:43:00.002-07:002021-04-12T20:46:44.037-07:00Foto Motor Anubis Cruisercross<p style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIHOS18dZIYkpNHbzDM0C8eAYz3YNGjhWknwLOs672QlT1wiB2hlkdNMgKmm8JKjvvV1KZ3fREyZViBPvty52W2dVc7uuX9ETg7aaBZ4PCiWzHLkFoBm2HIiQB3nF0zEFv76epWW5t5zQB/s2048/6073fbd2438cd-motor-listrik-anubis-cruisercross_100kpj.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIHOS18dZIYkpNHbzDM0C8eAYz3YNGjhWknwLOs672QlT1wiB2hlkdNMgKmm8JKjvvV1KZ3fREyZViBPvty52W2dVc7uuX9ETg7aaBZ4PCiWzHLkFoBm2HIiQB3nF0zEFv76epWW5t5zQB/s2048/6073fbd2438cd-motor-listrik-anubis-cruisercross_100kpj.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtZWcA_fCSAsNtYQYCYMRZkyWdUQ0KWBL6BlZiIJOFeIHozCYeDbqkC0nfB5BV-ytWdnYRcuktDHkjQddfvfkFKmhTbvFx6XMziccgfOshoVfEzz7sh62UN6Qq4NBnCSul1t_nTDxxrmFs/s774/baran-anubis-cruisercross-side.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="447" data-original-width="774" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtZWcA_fCSAsNtYQYCYMRZkyWdUQ0KWBL6BlZiIJOFeIHozCYeDbqkC0nfB5BV-ytWdnYRcuktDHkjQddfvfkFKmhTbvFx6XMziccgfOshoVfEzz7sh62UN6Qq4NBnCSul1t_nTDxxrmFs/s320/baran-anubis-cruisercross-side.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Helvetica-FF, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 16px;"></span></p><blockquote><p style="text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Helvetica-FF, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 16px;">Anubis Cruisercross, disebut memiliki power 54 dk dan torsi 92 Nm. Motor ini pakai jenis transmisi cluthchless direct drive dan untuk bobot kotornya mencapai 173 kg. Anubis Cruisercross diklaim bisa mencapai top speed 160 km/jam.<span></span></span></p><a name='more'></a><p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Helvetica, Helvetica-FF, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">Sedangkan untuk spesifikasi baterai memiliki nominal capacity 8,3 kWh, on board charger 1,3 kW, sehingga dapat mengisi baterai hingga penuh dalam waktu 6,6 jam. Dalam kondisi baterai penuh, Anubis mampu menempuh jarak hingga 167 km.</p></div></div></blockquote><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIHOS18dZIYkpNHbzDM0C8eAYz3YNGjhWknwLOs672QlT1wiB2hlkdNMgKmm8JKjvvV1KZ3fREyZViBPvty52W2dVc7uuX9ETg7aaBZ4PCiWzHLkFoBm2HIiQB3nF0zEFv76epWW5t5zQB/s2048/6073fbd2438cd-motor-listrik-anubis-cruisercross_100kpj.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Helvetica-FF, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; font-family: Helvetica, Helvetica-FF, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><br /></p></div><img border="0" data-original-height="1152" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIHOS18dZIYkpNHbzDM0C8eAYz3YNGjhWknwLOs672QlT1wiB2hlkdNMgKmm8JKjvvV1KZ3fREyZViBPvty52W2dVc7uuX9ETg7aaBZ4PCiWzHLkFoBm2HIiQB3nF0zEFv76epWW5t5zQB/s320/6073fbd2438cd-motor-listrik-anubis-cruisercross_100kpj.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><br /><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj76iHWZ1ObB7GMAFnjnCxZFHIZRmSCsMShyVeUMNwpFFDFVNh1ErWBrNM5cIasruLSTd-8ipxaCtDC-ACNooi4zOUtOXEcB5vqMvzp9SEQcV6aziJqyQvGNIvOeqEut6IeeOheiYISlmxb/s576/anubis-cruisercross.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="432" data-original-width="576" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj76iHWZ1ObB7GMAFnjnCxZFHIZRmSCsMShyVeUMNwpFFDFVNh1ErWBrNM5cIasruLSTd-8ipxaCtDC-ACNooi4zOUtOXEcB5vqMvzp9SEQcV6aziJqyQvGNIvOeqEut6IeeOheiYISlmxb/s320/anubis-cruisercross.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span face="Helvetica, Helvetica-FF, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 16px;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span face="Helvetica, Helvetica-FF, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 16px;">#AnubisCruisercross, </span></p>Fadhilah OKUhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10281099993610775199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582096905088977360.post-2596877290482380552021-04-07T06:30:00.002-07:002021-04-07T06:30:26.015-07:00Logo Baru SMA Negeri 5 OKU <p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi05VX-E5U-XrQVUNM1cF0j8SzQvBjwXVViTFIwk4vd9FYDq2QQAVUxAHmNnbTEbT7X9QmEa7YzC3BvqQ09gyL1eSha2TIpFqV0XQgO_pTfmCH7hvN4cEyGp_tlohEXPSVhokG4fgm3SIJW/s1158/LOGO+SMA+5+OKU+BATURAJA+SUMSEL.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1158" data-original-width="1158" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi05VX-E5U-XrQVUNM1cF0j8SzQvBjwXVViTFIwk4vd9FYDq2QQAVUxAHmNnbTEbT7X9QmEa7YzC3BvqQ09gyL1eSha2TIpFqV0XQgO_pTfmCH7hvN4cEyGp_tlohEXPSVhokG4fgm3SIJW/s320/LOGO+SMA+5+OKU+BATURAJA+SUMSEL.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Logo SMA Negeri 5 OKU</div><br /> <p></p>Fadhilah OKUhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10281099993610775199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582096905088977360.post-89385711219634659032021-03-26T18:09:00.002-07:002021-03-27T20:01:41.915-07:00Viral Bule asal Palestina Ali Halabia Menikahi Khadijah Azzahra Indonesia<p> </p><h1 style="background: white; line-height: 39.1pt; margin-bottom: 13.35pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 13.35pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq7xKgMZUxedx24M8Bugp9RvHzHvm_okye8Melrjl2n3yJhA6ZbrtmR4eZVsLq5alqqML-ifKVXsThP2OYwNwDCyD-gezDDnaJJ1JaJbg9twwZ1Ve7GdqTJhsBqCnD5Z7VwuYN2w0cHmoK/s375/Ali+Halabia+Menikahi+Khadijah+Azzahra.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="281" data-original-width="375" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq7xKgMZUxedx24M8Bugp9RvHzHvm_okye8Melrjl2n3yJhA6ZbrtmR4eZVsLq5alqqML-ifKVXsThP2OYwNwDCyD-gezDDnaJJ1JaJbg9twwZ1Ve7GdqTJhsBqCnD5Z7VwuYN2w0cHmoK/s320/Ali+Halabia+Menikahi+Khadijah+Azzahra.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div>Viral Bule asal Palestina</span> Ali
Halabia <span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Menikahi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Khadijah </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Azzahra I</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">ndonesia</span></span></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 26.65pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Awal Perjuangan cinta bule asal Palestina, Ali Halabia <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>untuk mendapatkan hati wanita asal Malang,
Jawa Timur Indonesia yang bernama Khadijah Azzahra ini viral. Khadijjah dikenal
sebagai MUA hits di Malang.<span></span></span></span></p><a name='more'></a><span style="font-size: medium;"> <span class="msoIns"><ins><o:p></o:p></ins></span></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 26.65pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 26.65pt; margin: 26.65pt 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Melalui akun Youtube
Khadijah Azzahra & Ali Diary, keduanya menceritakan awal mula perkenalan
hingga menikah. Dalam video yang berjudul "Awal kenal bojoku (wong Arab) Bagaimana
kita ketemu?, Khadijah Azzahra mengungkapkan sang suami Ali Halabia ingin
berkenalan dengannya pada tahun 2016 setelah suaminya melihat akun Instagramnya.
</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">Dalam video berdurasi 25 menitan itu, Ali mengaku
sudah menjadi followers Instagram Khadijah sejak 2016. Dia mengetahui soal
Khadijah karena mengeyam pendidikan S-2 di Universitas Brawijaya, Malang.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 26.65pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Khadijah yang berada di sebelah Ali membenarkan jika awal
perkenalan mereka melalui Instagram. Wanita yang populer di Instagram itu
mengatakan awalnya tidak menyadari kiriman DM dari pria yang kini jadi suaminya
itu.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 26.65pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Kata Khadijah, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Itu kenalnya
juga tidak sengaja, ternyata dia sudah ngechat aku sudah sejak lama. Namanya DM
kan tidak selalu terlihat. Akhirnya aku buka DM-nya, aku belum balas tapi aku
masukkin ke primarry (kolom utama). Terakhir aku balas Walaikumsalam.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 26.65pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Setelah Khadijah memberikan salam, Ali langsung memperkenalkan
diri dan mengirimkan foto-foto keluarganya. Khadijah pun terkejut karena Ali
berani mengirimkan identitas dan bercerita siapa dirinya, padahal dia belum
mengenalinya.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 26.65pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Kemudian <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>khadijah mengungkapkan
bahwa, Dia itu seperti mau menunjukkan bahwa dia itu nyata, bukan halusinasi.
Dia sering ngechat tapi nggak aku balas. Aku jadinya kepo gitu sama dia. Dia
sudah minta nomor handphoneku dan WhatsApp. Tapi kan aku kenal aja nggak, tidak
biasa chat dengan lelaki yang tidak kenal. dan tidak sembarangan orang bisa
dapat nomor saya,<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 26.65pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Jodoh memang sudah di atur oleh Allah SWT, Pada akhirnya dengan
segala upaya, Ali berhasil meyakinkan Khadijah. Keduanya pun kini resmi
menikah. Dalam salah satu sesi foto pernikahan tampak Ali memakai busana adat
Jawa dengan blangkon, beskap dan kain jarik.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPWBHsbpYRPLBlltHjAHWZgkaNhZmJyAFE-DEZefsrQmzfNs9_jiXikA6cfb78inJvjYWxt3pXHI8Unel8TVS7bXWd6-0_UCYAPWoQ1G1BorCAFoFamiwOcA4rw7YsaAh5hEpMG2roARLB/s375/Ali+Halabia+Menikahi+Khadijah+Azzahra+2.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="281" data-original-width="375" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPWBHsbpYRPLBlltHjAHWZgkaNhZmJyAFE-DEZefsrQmzfNs9_jiXikA6cfb78inJvjYWxt3pXHI8Unel8TVS7bXWd6-0_UCYAPWoQ1G1BorCAFoFamiwOcA4rw7YsaAh5hEpMG2roARLB/s320/Ali+Halabia+Menikahi+Khadijah+Azzahra+2.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjilxchoZQfe6HqFdJaF5NARTXjxU-xmNy1FipsgfmBk4U6GDnnpbGFFIPZeF9rxJ62N0eZzLG2cLOXC69vRv_0LjMm6vEDqFBneIdCw-7LYqn0QPJzftn8BjozoM7DiK5dCqYnGwQJlQsC/s700/Ali+Halabia+Menikahi+Khadijah+Azzahra+3.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="525" data-original-width="700" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjilxchoZQfe6HqFdJaF5NARTXjxU-xmNy1FipsgfmBk4U6GDnnpbGFFIPZeF9rxJ62N0eZzLG2cLOXC69vRv_0LjMm6vEDqFBneIdCw-7LYqn0QPJzftn8BjozoM7DiK5dCqYnGwQJlQsC/s320/Ali+Halabia+Menikahi+Khadijah+Azzahra+3.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p>Fadhilah OKUhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10281099993610775199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582096905088977360.post-36013024162239789742021-03-26T02:35:00.006-07:002021-03-26T18:13:21.020-07:00HIKAYAT, FABEL, MITE, SAGE DAN LEGENDA<p> </p><div class="WordSection1">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TUGAS BAHASA INDONESIA<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">HIKAYAT, FABEL, MITE, SAGE DAN LEGENDA<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitpXWwe0hVD5KnjAGC8RsdnUC86-FO-y-ojUBsAq1wyPJPQfd-GF8ooFmc0UeXNjNwj25aSQ75g0cKnFbhF8AjjYMg6rLsse3H2tg5lAxlP1pN3KwcC-Y62rmfnmZ6Tro-Aqxlpg46yDG3/s284/HIKAYAT.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="177" data-original-width="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitpXWwe0hVD5KnjAGC8RsdnUC86-FO-y-ojUBsAq1wyPJPQfd-GF8ooFmc0UeXNjNwj25aSQ75g0cKnFbhF8AjjYMg6rLsse3H2tg5lAxlP1pN3KwcC-Y62rmfnmZ6Tro-Aqxlpg46yDG3/s0/HIKAYAT.jpg" /></a></div><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">DISUSUN OLEH:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KELAS : X IPS 3<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TAHUN AJARAN 2019/2020<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</div>
<div class="WordSection2"><br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KATA PENGANTAR<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Segala
puji dan syukur penulis haturkan kehadirat Allah SWT. Karena berkat rahmat dan
bimbingan-Nya makalah ini dapat diselesaikan sesuaidengan rencana Makalah yang
berjudul Mite, Legenda, Fabel, Sage, dan Hikayat ini sebagai pemenuhan tugas di
sekolah.<span></span></span></p><a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Selama
penyusunan makalah ini banyak kendala yang dihadapi, namun berkat bimbingan
serta bantuan dari berbagai pihak semua kendala tersebut dapat teratasi.
Penulis merasa masih banyak keurangan-kekurangan baik pada teknis penulisan
maupun materi, mengingat akan kemampuan yang dimiliki penulis<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Untuk
itu kritik dan saran dari semua pihak sangat penulis harapkan demi
penyempurnaan pembuatan makalah ini. Semoga makalah ini dapat bermanfaat dan
menjadi sumbangan pemikiran bagi pihak yang membutuhkan, khususnya bagi penulis
sehingga tujuan yang diharapkan dapat tercapai.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 7;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>November 2019<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 7;"> </span>Hormat
Kami<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 7;"> </span>Penyusun<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 7;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div><div class="WordSection3"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: dotted 382.5pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">DAFTAR ISI<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: dotted 382.5pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: dotted 382.5pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KATA PENGANTAR<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................... </span>i<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: dotted 382.5pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">DAFTAR ISI<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.............................................................................. </span>ii<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: dotted 382.5pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BAB I LATAR BELAKANG<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................... </span>1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: dotted 382.5pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BAB II PEMBAHASAN<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; margin-left: 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: dotted 382.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Legenda<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">........................................................................ </span>1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-left: 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: dotted 382.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sage<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................... </span>2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-left: 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: dotted 382.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mitos (Mite)<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................. </span>2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-left: 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: dotted 382.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fabel<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................. </span>3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; margin-left: 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: right dotted 391.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hikayat<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">...................................................................... </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: dotted 382.5pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: right dotted 387.0pt; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">DAFTAR PUSTAKA<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................... </span>4<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MITE, LEGENDA, FABEL, SAGE DAN HIKAYAT<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A. Legenda</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Definisi Dan
Pengertian Legenda adalah cerita rakyat yang dianggap benar-benar terjadi
yang ceritanya dihubungkan dengan tokoh sejarah, telah dibumbui dengan
keajaiban, kesaktian, dan keistimewaan tokohnya. Bila melihat dari Definisi Dan
Pengertian Legenda maka Legenda dapat di bagi menjadi empat kelompok.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Legenda ada empat
kelompok sebagai berikut :</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1) Legenda keagamaan</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Di dalam legenda
keagamaan banyak kita jumpai kisah-kisah para wali penyebar Islam, misalnya,
Sunan Kalijaga dan Syekh Siti Jenar di Jawa, sedangkan di Bali dapat kita temui
legenda tentang kisah Ratu Calon Arang.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2) Legenda kegaiban</span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Legenda ini berkisah
tentang kepercayaan rakyat pada alam gaib, misalnya kerajaan gaib orang Bunian
di rimba raya Sumatra, kerajaan gaib Pajajaran di Jawa Barat, kerajaan gaib
Laut Kidul di Jawa Tengah dan Yogyakarta, dan Si Manis Jembatan Ancol dari
Jakarta.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3) Legenda
perseorangan</span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Legenda perseorangan
menceritakan tokoh tertentu yang dianggap pernah ada dan terjadi, misalnya
Sabai nan Aluih dan Si Pahit Lidah dari Sumatra, Si Pitung dan Nyai Dasima dari
Jakarta, Lutung Kasarung dari Jawa Barat, Rara Mendut dan Jaka Tingkir dari
Jawa Tengah, Suramenggolo dari Jawa Timur, serta Jayaprana dan Layonsari dari
Bali.</span></p><p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4) Legenda lokal</span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Legenda lokal adalah
legenda yang berhubungan dengan nama tempat terjadinya gunung, bukit, danau,
dan sebagainya. Misalnya, legenda terjadinya Danau Toba di Sumatra, Sangkuriang
(legenda Gunung Tangkuban Parahu) di Jawa Barat, Rara Jonggrang di Yogyakarta
dan Jawa Tengah, Ajisaka di Jawa Tengah, dan Desa Trunyan di Bali.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B. Sage</span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sage adalah
cerita lama yang berhubungan dengan sejarah, yang menceritakan keberanian,
kepahlawanan, kesaktian dan keajaiban seseorang. Beberapa contoh sage, adalah:
Calon Arang, Ciung Wanara, Airlangga, Panji, Smaradahana, dll.</span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">C. Mitos (Mite)</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ada beberapa pengertian mitos yang diungkapkan oleh para
sejarawan. Dari beberapa pengertian itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa :<br />
<br />
Mitos adalah cerita prosa rakyat yang ditokohi para dewa atau makhluk setengah
dewa yang terjadi di dunia lain (kayangan) dan dianggap benar – benar terjadi
oleh empunya cerita atau penganutnya.<br />
<br />
Mitos pada umumnya menceritakan tentang terjadinya alam semesta, dunia, bentuk
khas binatang, bentuk topografi, petualangan para dewa, kisah percintaan mereka
dan sebagainya. Mitos itu sendiri, ada yang berasal dari Indonesia dan ada juga
yang berasal dari luar negeri.<br />
<br />
Mitos yang berasal dari luar negeri pada umumnya telah mengalami perubahan dan
pengolahan lebih lanjut, sehingga tidak terasa asing lagi yang disebabkan oleh
proses adaptasi karena perubahan jaman. Menurut Moens-Zoeb, orang Jawa bukan
saja telah mengambil mitos-mitos dari India, melainkan juga telah mengadopsi
dewa-dewa Hindu sebagai dewa Jawa. Di Jawa Timur misalnya, Gunung Semeru
dianggap oleh orang Hindu<br />
Jawa dan Bali sebagai gunung suci Mahameru atau sedikitnya sebagai Puncak
Mahameru yang dipindahkan dari India ke Pulau Jawa. Mitos di Indonesia biasanya
menceritakan tentang terjadinya alam semesta, terjadinya susunan para dewa,
terjadinya manusia pertama, dunia dewata, dan terjadinya makanan pokok.</span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">D. Fabel</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fabel adalah
cerita yang menceritakan kehidupan hewan yang berperilaku menyerupai manusia.
Cerita tersebut tidak mungkin kisah nyata. Fabel adalah cerita <span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">fiksi</span>, maksudnya khayalan
belaka (fantasi). Kadang fabel memasukkan karakter minoritas berupa manusia.</span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">E.
Hikayat<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: left;"><b><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="background: white; color: #222222; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 150%;">Hikayat</span></b><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="background: white; color: #222222; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 150%;">adalah salah satu bentuk sastra prosa, terutama
dalam </span><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Bahasa Melayu</span><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="background: white; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang</span><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="background: white; color: #222222; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 150%;"> berisikan tentang kisah, cerita, dan dongeng. Umumnya
mengisahkan tentang kehebatan maupun kepahlawanan seseorang lengkap dengan
keanehan, kesaktian serta mukjizat tokoh utama. Sebuah hikayat dibacakan
sebagai hiburan, pelipur lara atau untuk membangkitkan semangat juang.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></b></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: left;">http://dindanur13.blogspot.com/2015/08/pengertian-legenda-sage-mte.html<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>Fadhilah OKUhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10281099993610775199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582096905088977360.post-76331783645017939662021-03-26T02:14:00.003-07:002021-03-26T02:21:15.593-07:00MAKALAH INSTRUMEN NONTES<div class="WordSection1"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">MAKALAH</span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">INSTRUMEN </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%;">NONTES</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiQn-oLXcAC1or6ffQXCjBlX3WCQKeR1kUKl01JAwlX2jLRFN_xK_rrGav3dLoxYAizfnGtfgs21KXYI9ZewnUe51gN2nDzGcD1o251sjt4cajvBghZH0bd0qHOfJcDMBjx_jSyid1XVS9/s576/NON+TES.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="418" data-original-width="576" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiQn-oLXcAC1or6ffQXCjBlX3WCQKeR1kUKl01JAwlX2jLRFN_xK_rrGav3dLoxYAizfnGtfgs21KXYI9ZewnUe51gN2nDzGcD1o251sjt4cajvBghZH0bd0qHOfJcDMBjx_jSyid1XVS9/s320/NON+TES.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Makalah<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">disusun
sebagai salah satu tugas mata kuliah <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Evaluasi Pembelajaran<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> <span></span></o:p></span></p><a name='more'></a><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Oleh</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> :<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: left; text-indent: 76.5pt;"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">TAHUN 20</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">21<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</div>
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
<div class="WordSection2">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">KATA
PENGATAR</span></b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Puji Syukur
kita panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT karena berkat rahmat taufik hidayah dan
inayahnya kami dapat menyelesaikan tugas penyusunan makalah ini tepat pada
waktunya. Makalah ini membahas tentang </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Instrumen
Nontes</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kami juga
mengucapkan banyak terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam
penyusunan makalah ini. Kami menyadari bahwa makalah ini masih jauh dari
kesempurnaan baik dari bentuk penyusunan maupun materinya. Kritik konstruktif
dari pembaca sangat kami harapkan untuk penyempurnaan makalah selanjutnya. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Semoga
makalah ini dapat membantu bagi semua pihak untuk mendalami Pendidikan Anti
Korupsi terutama dalam lingkungan mahasiswa.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Maret 2021<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br />
Penulis</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">DAFTAR ISI<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: right dotted 373.5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">HALAMAN JUDUL</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">...................................................................................... </span>i<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: right dotted 373.5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">KATA PENGANTAR</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................................. </span>ii<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: right dotted 373.5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">DAFTAR ISI</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................................................. </span>iii<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: right dotted 373.5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">BAB I</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">PENDAHULUAN</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: right dotted 373.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Latar
belakang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">....................................................................................... </span>1</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: right dotted 373.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Rumusan
Masalah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................................. </span>2</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: right dotted 373.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tujuan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................................................... </span>3</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: right dotted 373.5pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">BAB I PEMBAHASAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: right dotted 373.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">A</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">. </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pengertian </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tentang
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Nontes</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................... </span>4<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: right dotted 373.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">B</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">. Jenis-Jenis Nontes</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................................. </span>4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; tab-stops: right dotted 373.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">C. Teknik Penyusunan Non Tes<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................. </span>6</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: right dotted 373.5pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kisi-kisi
dan Intrument </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Non
Tes</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">........................................... </span>13</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: right dotted 373.5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">BAB III PENUTUP<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: right dotted 373.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Simpulan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.............................................................................................. </span>16</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: right dotted 373.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Saran</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................................................... </span>16</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: right dotted 373.5pt;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................................. </span>17</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p></div>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">BAB I<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">PENDAHULUAN</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Latar belakang<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Mutu
pendidikan dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, diantaranya peserta didik, guru,
pengelolah sekolah, lingkungan, kualitas pengajaran, kurikulum dan sebagainya.
Usaha peningkatan pendidikan bisa ditempuh dengan peningkatan kualitas
pembelajaran dan sistem evaluasi yang baik. Keduanya saling berkaitan sistem
pembelajaran yang baik akan menghasilkan kualitas pendidikan yang baik,
selanjutnya sistem penilaian yang baik akan mendorong guru untuk menentukan
strategi mengajar yang baik dan memotivasi peserta didik untuk belajar yang
lebih baik.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span> Sehubungan dengan itu,
maka di dalam pembelajaran dibutuhkan guru yang tidak hanya mengajar dengan
baik, namun mampu melakukan evaluasi dengan baik. Kegiatan evaluasi sebagai
bagian dari program pembelajaran perlu lebih dioptimalkan. Evaluasi tidak hanya
bertumpu pada penilaian hasil belajar, namun perlu penilaian terhadap input,
output dan kualitas proses pembelajaran itu sendiri. Setiap individu memiliki
perbedaan perilaku. <span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dengan
adanya perbedaan individu itu, maka perlu diciptakan alat untuk mendiagnosis
atau mengukur keadaan individu dan alat pengukuran itulah yang lazim disebut
tes, sebagai contoh yaitu dalam proses belajar mengajar. Perlu diketahui bahwa,
keberhasilan peserta didik dalam proses belajar-mengajar tidak hanya dapat
diukur dengan alat tes. Sebab masih banyak aspek-aspek kemampuan peserta didik
yang sulit diukur secara kuantitatif dan mencakup objektifitas misalnya aspek
afektif psikomotor. Setiap dimensi dan aspek yang diukur memerlukan alat atau
instrumen yang berbeda. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pada prinsipnya, setiap melakukan
evaluasi pembelajaran, kita dapat menggunakan teknik tes dan non-tes, sebab
hasil belajar atau aspek-aspek pembelajaran bersifat aneka ragam. Dengan teknik
non-tes maka penilaian atau evaluasi hasil belajar peserta didik dilakukan
dengan tanpa “menguji” peserta didik, melainkan dilakukan dengan melakukan
beberapa jenis teknik non-tes. Teknik non-tes sering kali kurang mendapat
perhatian para guru, karena kurang dikenal atau kurang handal dibanding dengan
teknik tes. Mengingat alat pengembangan non-tes belum terbiasa dilakukan
terutama oleh pendidik. Maka diperlukan suatu langkah-langkah untuk penyusunan
dan pengembangan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>instrument non-tes.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Instrumen
non-tes dapat digunakan jika kita ingin mengetahui kualitas proses dan produk
dari suatu pekerjaan serta hal-hal yang berkenaan dengan domain afektif,
seperti sikap, minat, bakat dan motivasi. Setiap dimensi dan aspek yang diukur
memerlukan alat atau instrumen yang berbeda. Pada prinsipnya, setiap melakukan
evaluasi pembelajaran, kita dapat menggunakan teknik tes dan non-tes, sebab
hasil belajar atau aspek-aspek pembelajaran bersifat aneka ragam. Hasil belajar
dapat berupa pengetahuan teoretis, keterampilan, dan sikap. Pengetahuan
teoretis dapat diukur dengan menggunakan teknik tes. Keterampilan dapat diukur
dengan menggunakan tes perbuatan. Adapun perubahan sikap dan pertumbuhan anak
dalam psikologi hanya dapat diukur dengan teknik non-tes misalnya observasi,
wawancara, skala sikap, dan lain-lain. Dengan kata lain, banyak aspek
pembelajaran termasuk jenis hasil belajar yang hanya dapat diukur dengan teknik
non-tes. Jika hasil evaluator hanya menggunakan teknik tes saja, tentu data
yang dikumpulkan menjadi kurang lengkap dan tidak bermakna, bahkan dapat
merugikan pihak-pihak tertentu. Justru teknik non-tes digunakan sebagai suatu
kritikan tehadap kelemahan teknik tes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">RUMUSAN MASALAH<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo2; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Apa pengertian </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Instrumen </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">non-tes?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo2; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Apa sajakah </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">yang masuk instrumen </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">non-tes?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo2; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Bagaimanakah </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">cara scoring intrumen</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> non-tes?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo2; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Contoh kisi-kisi dan
instrument non-tes?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">TUJUAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo3; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mengetahui pengertian </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">intrumen</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> non-tes<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo3; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mengetahui macam-macam instrumen
non-tes<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo3; text-indent: 0in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mengetahui </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">kisi-kisi dan instrument </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">non-tes</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo3; text-indent: 0in;"><b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">BAB I<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">PEMBAHASAN</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-outline-level: 1;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">A</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">. Pengertian </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tentang </span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Nontes</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Instrument non-tes adalah intrumen
selain tes prestasi belajar. Alat yang dapat digunakan adalah lembar pengamatan
atau observasi dan istrumen tes sikap, minat dsb. Instrumen non-tes biasanya
digunakan untuk mengevaluasi hasil belajar, aspek psikomotorik atau
keterampilan, sikap atau nilai, yaitu untuk menggali informasi atau
mengumpulkan data yang berkaitan dengan penilaian, pendapat atau opini terhadap
sesuatu yang berkaitan dengan keterampilan, perilaku, sikap atau nilai.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam
penyusunan instrumen evaluasi adalah jumlah butir pernyataan dari suatu
instrumen, karena semakin banyak jumlah butir pernyataan (unsur yang
dievaluasi) maka semakin baik kualitasnya. Pada prinsipnya prosedur penulisan
untuk instrument non-tes adalah sama dengan prosedur penulisan tes pada tes
prestasi belajar, yaitu menyusun kisi-kisi tes, menuliskan butir soal
berdasarkan kisi-kisinya, telaah, validasi butir, uji coba butir, perbaikan
butir berdasarkan hasil uji coba. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Namun, dalam proses awalnya, sebelum
menyusun kisi-kisi tes terdapat perbedaan dalam menentukan validitas isi
diperoleh melalui kurikulum dan buku pelajaran, tetapi untuk non-tes validitas
isi atau konstruknya diperoleh melalui “teori”.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 1.75in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-outline-level: 1;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">B</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">. Jenis-Jenis Nontes</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-outline-level: 1;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">a. </span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Observasi</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-indent: 28.4pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Observasi
merupakan suatu pengamatan langsung terhadap siswa dengan memperhatikan tingkah
lakunya. Secara umum observasi adalah cara menghimpun bahan-bahan keterangan
(data) yang dilakukan dengan mengadakan pengamatan dan pencatatan secara
sistematis terhadap fenomena-fenomena yang sedang dijadikan sasaran pengamatan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: 28.4pt;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Menurut cara dan tujuannya, obsevasi dapat dibedakan
menjadi 3 macam:</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1)
Partisipatif dan nonpartisipatif<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2)
Observasi sistematis dan nonsistematis<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3)
Observasi eksperimental<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: 28.4pt;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Cara pengembangan observasi:</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1)
Merumuskan tujuan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2)
Merumuskan kegiatan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3)
Menyusun langkah-langkah<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">4)
Menyusun kisi-kisi<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">5)
Menyusun panduaan obsevasi<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">6)
Menyusun alat penilaian<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Contoh observasi:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Guru
mengamati cara anak melukis sudut 30<sup>0</sup>. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-outline-level: 1;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">b. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Wawancara</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> (<i>Interview</i>)</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-indent: 28.4pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Wawancara
adalah suatu teknik penilaian yang dilakukan dengan cara percakapan (dialog)
yang berisikan pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang sesuai dengan tujuan informasi yang
hendak digali.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: 28.4pt;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Wawancara dibedakan menjadi 2 macam:</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1)
Wawancara bebas<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2)
Wawancara terpimpin<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: 28.4pt;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Cara pengembangan wawancara:</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1)
Perumusan tujuan yang ingin dicapai dari wawancara<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2)
Perumusan kegiatan atau aspek-aspek yang dinilai<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3)
Penyusunan kisi-kisi dan bentuk wawancara<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">4)
Penyusunan pedoman dan pertanyaan wawancara<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">5)
Lembaran penilaian<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Contoh wawancara:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Guru
menanyakan ke siswa :<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“Bagaimana
cara kamu menghitung volum dari gambar balok ini? ”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“Mengapa
kamu menggunakan cara tersebut?”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">“Dari mana
kamu mengetahui cara tersebut?”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-outline-level: 1;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <b>c.
Angket (<i>Questionaire</i>)</b> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-indent: 28.4pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Angket
adalah daftar pertanyaan yang terbagi dalam beberapa kategori.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-indent: 28.4pt;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ditinjau dari segi yang memberikan jawaban, angket dibedakan menjadi 2
macam:</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1)
Angket langsung<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2)
Angket tidak langsung<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-indent: 28.4pt;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ditinjau dari segi cara memberikan jawaban, angket dibedakan menjadi 2
macam:</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1)
Angket tertutup<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2)
Angket terbuka<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: 28.4pt;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ditinjau dari strukturnya, angket dibedakan menjadi 2
macam:</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1)
Angket terstruktur<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2)
Angket tidak terstruktur<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: 28.4pt;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Cara pengembangan angket:</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1)
Merumuskan tujuan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2)
Merumuskan kegiatan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3)
Menyusun langkah-langkah<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">4)
Menyusun kisi-kisi<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">5)
Menyusun panduan angket<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">6)
Menyusun alat penilaian<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-outline-level: 1;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C. Teknik
Penyusunan Non Tes</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Teknik nontes merupakan teknik penilaian untuk
memperoleh gambaran terutama mengenai karakteristik, sikap, atau kepribadian.
Selama ini teknik nontes kurang digunakan dibandingkan teknis tes. Dalam
proses pembelajaran pada umumnya kegiatan penilaian mengutamakan teknik
tes. Hal ini dikarenakan lebih berperannya aspek pengetahuan dan keterampilan
dalam pengambilan keputusan yang dilakukan guru pada saat menentukan
siswa. Seiring dengan berlakunya kurikulum tingkat satuan pendidikan
(KTSP) yang didasarkan pada standar kompetensi dan kompetensi dasar maka teknik
penilaian harus disesuaikan dengan kompetensi yang diukur, aspek yang akan
diukur, pengetahuan, keterampilan atau sikap, kemampuan siswa yang akan
diukur, </span><span lang="ES" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">sarana dan prasarana
yang ada.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dalam
dunia pendidikan teknik nontes yang sering digunakan adalah pengamatan
(observasi), dan terkadang, seorang guru juga menggunakan wawancara. Dalam
penelitian-penelitian sosial, teknik nontes biasanya juga digunakan untuk
mendapatkan informasi mengenai keadaan obyek penelitian. Teknik nontes yang
sering digunakan dalam penelitian-penelitian sosial penelitian adalah
kuesioner. Dibawah ini adalah jenis-jenis penelitian non tes :<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. Pengamatan
(Observasi)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Secara
umum, pengertian observasi adalah cara menghimpun bahan-bahan keterangan atau
data yang dilakukan dengan mengadakan pengamatan dan pencatatan secara
sistematis terhadap fenomena-fenomena yang sedang dijadikan sasaran pengamatan.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Observasi
sebagai alat evaluasi banyak digunakan untuk menilai tingkah laku individu atau
proses terjadinya suatu kegiatan yang dapat diamati, baik dalam situasi yang
sebenarnya maupun dalam situasi buatan. Observasi dapat mengukur atau menilai
hasil dan proses belajar : misalnya tingkah laku peserta didik pada waktu guru
pendidikan agama menyampaikan pelajaran di kelas, tingkah laku peserta didik
pada jam-jam istirahat atau pada saat terjadinya kekosongan pelajaran, perilaku
peserta didik pada saat sholat jamaah di mushola sekolah, ceramah-ceramah
keagaaman, upacara bendera, ibadah shalat tarawih dan sebagainya. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Teknik
pengamatan atau observasi merupakan salah satu bentuk teknik nontes yang biasa
dipergunakan untuk menilai sesuatu melalui pengamatan terhadap objeknya secara
langsung, seksama dan sistematis. Pengamatan memungkinkan untuk melihat dan
mengamati sendiri kemudian mencatat perilaku dan kejadian yang terjadi pada
keadaan sebenarnya. Berikut ini beberapa karakteristik dari observasi
yaitu mempunyai tujuan, bersifat ilmiah, terdapat aspek yang diamati, praktis<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Menurut
Moleong (2005 : 176) pengamatan dapat dibedakan menjadi dua yaitu pengamatan
berperanserta dan tidak berperanserta. Dalam pengamatan yang tidak
berperanserta, seseorang hanya melakukan satu fungsi yaitu mengamati tetapi
pada pengamatan berperanserta seseorang disamping mengamati juga menjadi
anggota dari obyek yang diamati.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pengamatan
dapat pula dibagi atas pengamatan terbuka dan tertutup. Terbuka jika obyek yang
diamati mengetahui bahwa mereka sedang diamati dan sebaliknya. Selain itu
pengamatan juga dibagi pada latar alamiah (pengamatan tak terstruktur) dan
latar buatan (pengamatan terstruktur). Pengamatan ini biasanya dapat dilakukan
pada eksperimen. Dalam pengamatan berstruktur, kegiatan pengamatan itu telah
diatur sebelumnya. Isi, maksud, objek yang diamati, kerangka kerja, dan
lain-lain, telah ditetapkan sebelum kegiatan pengamatan dilaksanakan. Oleh
karena itu, kegiatan pencatatan hanya dilakukan terhadap data-data yang sesuai
dengan cakupan bidang kebutuhan seperti yang telah ditetapkan sejak semula.
Lain halnya dengan pengamatan tak berstrukur, dalam melakukan pengamatannya, si
pengamat tidak dibatasi oleh kerangka kerja yang telah dipersiapkan sebelumnya.
Setiap data yang muncul yang dianggap relevan dengan tujuan pengamatannya
langsung dicatat. Dengan demikian, data yang diperoleh lebih mencerminkan
keadaan yang sesungguhnya. Perilaku siswa dalam keadaan seperti itu bersifat
wajar, apa adanya dan tidak dibuat-buat.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Teknik
pengamatan jika dilakukan untuk melihat apakah perbuatan siswa sudah benar atau
tidak dapat dikategorikan sebagai teknik tes. Misalnya jika dalam praktek
olahraga seorang guru akan melihat apakah cara melempar lembing seseorang sudah
sesuai dengan teori atau tidak, maka pengamatan jenis ini terkategori sebagai
teknik tes. Tetapi jika pengamatan dilakukan terhadap aspek afektif seperti
cara seorang siswa bersikap terhadap guru, menjaga kebersihan, perhatian
terhadap tugas-tugas sekolah dan sebagainya, maka teknik ini termasuk teknik
nontes. Pengamatan/observasi adalah teknik penilaian yang dilakukan oleh
pendidik dengan menggunakan indera secara langsung. Observasi dilakukan dengan
cara menggunakan instrumen yang sudah dirancang sebelumnya.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Contoh
aspek yang diamati pada pelajaran Matematika:ketelitian;</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">§ </span><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">kecepatan kerja;</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">§ </span><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">kerjasama;</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">§ </span><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">kejujuran.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IT" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IT; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Contoh
aspek yang diamati pada pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">§ </span><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">kerapian dan kebenaran tulisan;</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">§ </span><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">kesantunan berbahasa;</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">§ </span><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">kecermatan berbahasa.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Contoh
aspek yang diamati pada pelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan;</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">§ </span><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">kedisiplinan;</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">§ </span><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">tanggung jawab;</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">§ </span><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">kerjasama;</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">§ </span><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">inisiatif;</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">§ </span><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">toleransi;</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">§ </span><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">kebersihan dan kerapihan.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Alat/instrumen</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Untuk penilaian
melalui pengamatan dapat menggunakan skala sikap dan atau angket
(kuesioner).</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Skala
sikap</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Skala
sikap adalah alat penilaian hasil belajar yang berupa sejumlah pernyataan sikap
tentang sesuatu yang jawabannya dinyatakan secara berskala, misalnya skala
tiga, empat atau lima. Pengembangan skala sikap dapat mengikuti
langkah-langkah sebagai berikut</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> :<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1) Menentukan
objek sikap yang akan dikembangkan skalanya misalnya sikap
terhadap kebersihan.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2) </span><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Memilih dan membuat daftar dari konsep dan kata sifat
yang relevan dengan objek penilaian sikap. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Misalnya
: menarik, menyenangkan, mudah dipelajari dan sebagainya.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3) Memilih
kata sifat yang tepat dan akan digunakan dalam skala.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">4) Menentukan
skala dan penskoran.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Contoh
:</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Penilaian
skala sikap terhadap kebersihan.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: rgb(255, 248, 246); border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 23.4pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<thead>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td rowspan="2" style="background: silver; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" width="47">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">No</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: transparent; border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 210pt;" width="280">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pernyataan</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td colspan="5" style="background: transparent; border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 181.05pt;" width="241">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Skala</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" width="48">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" width="48">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" width="48">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" width="48">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">4</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: silver; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 37.05pt;" width="49">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">5</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: transparent; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 210pt;" valign="top" width="280">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Rumah sebaiknya dirawat kebersihannya setiap hari</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"></td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"></td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"></td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"></td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 37.05pt;" valign="top" width="49"></td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="background: transparent; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 210pt;" valign="top" width="280">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kebersihan rumah menjadi tanggung jawab semua anggota
keluarga</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"></td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"></td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"></td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"></td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 37.05pt;" valign="top" width="49"></td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background: transparent; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 210pt;" valign="top" width="280">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Ruang kelas perlu dijaga kebersihannya setiap hari</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"></td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"></td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"></td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"></td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 37.05pt;" valign="top" width="49"></td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="background: transparent; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">4.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 210pt;" valign="top" width="280">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kebersihan ruang kelas menjadi tanggung jawab setiap
anggota kelas</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"></td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"></td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"></td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"></td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 37.05pt;" valign="top" width="49"></td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="background: transparent; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">5.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 210pt;" valign="top" width="280">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Setiap siswa sebaiknya melaksanakan tugas piket dengan
penuh rasa tanggung jawab</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"></td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"></td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"></td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"></td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 37.05pt;" valign="top" width="49"></td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="background: transparent; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">6.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 210pt;" valign="top" width="280">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Anak yang lalai melaksanakan tugas piket harus menggantinya
pada waktu lain</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"></td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"></td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"></td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"></td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 37.05pt;" valign="top" width="49"></td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: transparent; border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 35.4pt;" valign="top" width="47">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="FI" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">7.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 210pt;" valign="top" width="280">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Ketua kelas tidak perlu melaksanakan tugas piket karena
sudah bertugas mengatur kegiatan kelas</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"></td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"></td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"></td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.5in;" valign="top" width="48"></td>
<td style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 37.05pt;" valign="top" width="49"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Keterangan
:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.
sangat tidak setuju<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2.
tidak setuju<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3.
kurang setuju<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">4.
setuju<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">5.
sangat setuju<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sama
halnya dengan instrument evaluasi yang lain,obsevasi memiliki beberapa
kelemahan dan kelebihan yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">a) Kelemahan:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1. Pelaksanaannya
sering terganggu keadaan cuaca atau kesan yang kurang baik dari observer maupun
observi.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2. Masalah
yang sifatnya pribadi sulit diamati.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3. Apabila
memakan waktu lama, akan menimbulkan kejenuhan.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">b) Kelebihan:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1. Observasi
cocok dilakukan untuk berbagai macam fenomena.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2. Observasi
cocok untuk mengamati perilaku.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3. Banyak
aspek yang tidak dapat diukur dengan tes tetapi bisa diukur dengan observasi.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. Wawancara/Interview<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Secara
umum yang dimaksud dengan wawancara adalah cara menghimpun bahan-bahan
keterangan yang dilaksanakan dengan melakukan tanya jawab lisan secara sepihak,
berhadapan muka, dan dengan arah serta tujuan yang telah ditentukan.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Wawancara
atau interview merupakan salah satu alat penilaian nontes yang dipergunakan
untuk mendapatkan informasi tertentu tentang keadaan responden dengan jalan
tanya-jawab sepihak. Dikatakan sepihak karena pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang
diajukan dalam kegiatan wawancara itu hanya berasal dari pihak pewawancara
saja, sementara responden hanya bertugas sebagai penjawab. Maksud diadakan
wawancara sebagaimana dikutip Moleong dari Lincoln dan Guba (1985 : 266) antara
lain mengkonstruksi mengenai orang, kejadian, organisasi, perasaan, motivasi,
tuntutan, kepedulian dan lain sebagainya.<a name="_ftnref2"></a><a href="file:///G:/EVALUASI%20PEMBELAJARAN/evaluasi%20laura/BAB%201-evaluasi%20laura.docx#_ftn2" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref2;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">[2]</span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref2;"></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Ada
banyak pembagian wawancara yang dilakukan para ahli. salah satu diantaranya
adalah membagi wawancara kedalam dua bentuk yaitu wawancara bebas dan wawancara
terpimpin. Yang dimaksud wawancara terpimpin adalah suatu kegiatan wawancara
yang pertanyaan-pertanyaan serta kemungkinan-kemungkinan jawabannya itu telah
dipersiapkan pihak pewawancara, responden tinggal memilih jawaban yang sudah
dipersiapkan pewawancara. Sebaliknya dalam wawancara bebas, responden diberi
kebebasan untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan pewawancara sesuai dengan
pendapatnya tanpa terikat oleh ketentuan-ketentuan yang telah dibuat
pewawancaranya. Sedangkan kelemahan dan kelebihan jenis instrument
wawancara adalah sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">a) Kelemahan:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo12; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jika subjek yang ingin diteliti banyak maka akan
memakan waktu yang banyak pula.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo12; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Terkadang wawancara berlangsung berlarut-larut tanpa
arah.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo12; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Adanya sikap yang kurang baik dari responden maupun
penanya.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">b) Kelebihan:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dapat memperolehinformasi secara langsung sehingga
objectivitas dapat diketahui.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dapat memperbaiki proses dan hasil belajar<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pelaksanaannya lebih fleksibel, dinamis dan personal<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. Kuisioner<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Angket
atau kuisioner juga dapat digunakan sebagai alat bantu dalam rangka penilaian
hasil belajar. Berbeda dengan wawancara dimana penilai atau evaluator
berhadapan secara langsung (face to face) dengan peserta didik atau dengan
pihak lainnya, maka dengan menggunakan angket pengumpulan data sebagai bahan
penilaian hasil belajar jauh lebih praktis, menghemat waktu dan tenaga. Hanya
saja jawaban-jawaban yang diberikan acapkali tidak sesuai dengan kenyataan yang
sebenarnya; apalagi jika pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang diajukan dalam angket itu
kurang tajam, sehingga memungkinkan bagi responden untuk memberikan jawaban
yang diperkirakan akan melegakan atau memberikan kepuasan kepada pihak penilai.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kuesioner
merupakan bentuk lain dari teknik nontes. Secara umum, ada dua jenis kuesioner
yaitu kuesioner tertutup dan terbuka. Kuesioner tertutup adalah kuesioner yang
telah disediakan alternatif jawabannya sehingga responden tinggal memilih yang
sesuai dengan keadaan dirinya. Sedangkan kuesioner terbuka adalah kuesioner
yang jawabannya belum disediakan sehingga responden bebas menuliskan apa yang
dia rasakan. Satu hal yang menjadi ciri utama kuesioner adalah dalam kuesioner
tidak ada jawaban benar atau salah. Angket adalah alat penilaian hasil
belajar yang berupa daftar pertanyaan tertulis untuk menjaring informasi
tentang sesuatu, misalnya tentang latar belakang keluarga siswa, kesehatan
siswa, tanggapan siswa terhadap metode pembelajaran, media, dan lain-lain.<a name="_ftnref3"></a><a href="file:///G:/EVALUASI%20PEMBELAJARAN/evaluasi%20laura/BAB%201-evaluasi%20laura.docx#_ftn3" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref3;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">[3]</span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref3;"></span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-outline-level: 1;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kisi-kisi dan Intrument </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Non Tes<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh Kisi</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 0.25in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.45in;" valign="top" width="43">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NO<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Indikator<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Butir Instrument<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.45in;" valign="top" width="43">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengidentifikasi
perbedaan teks struktur isi teks hasil observasi dengan deskripsi</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Berdasarkan
teks hasil observasi dan deskripsi jelaskan ciri-ciri judul,
klasifikasi umum, dan deskripsi pada teks observasi yang kamu baca!</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid black; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 0.45in;" valign="top" width="43">
<p align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.5in;" valign="top" width="240">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengidentifikasin
perbedaan bahasa yang digunakan pada teks hasil observasi dan deskripsi</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331">
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Jelaskan
ciri-ciri bahasa yang digunakan dalam teks observasi dan deskripsi yang kamu
baca disertai bukti yang mendukung jawabanmu!</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh
Intrumen Non Tes<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tes skala sikap<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tes skala sikap adalah perasaan suka
atau tidak suka atau kecenderungan seseorang dalam merespon sesuatu atau objek.
Seperti : sikap terhadap materi pelajaran, guru, proses pembelajaran,
norma-norma tertentu dan sebagainya.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penilaian tes skala sikap atas 3
komponen berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komponen afektif adalah perasaan
yang dimiliki oleh seseorang terhadap objek.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komponen kongnisi adalah kepercayaan
atau keyakinan yang menjadi pegangan seseorang.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Komponen konasi adalah kecenderunan
untuk berperilaku atau berbuat dengan cara-cara tertentu terhadap sesuatu
objek.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tes minat belajar<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Minat merupakan kemampuan seseorang
untuk memberikan perhatian terhadap suatu objek yang disertai dengan raa senang
dan dilakukan penuh kesadaran.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peserta didik yang menaruh minat
pada suatu mata pelajaran, perhatiannya akan tinggi dan minatnya berfungsi
sebagai pendorong kuat untuk terlibat secara aktif dalam kegiatan belajar
mengajar pada pelajaran tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tes motivasi berprestasi<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Definisi konsep<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Motivasi berprestasi adalah motivasi
yang medorong peserta didik untuk berbuat baik dari apa yang dibuat atau diraih
sebelumnya mapun yang dibuat atau diraih orang lain.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Definisi operasional<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: 0.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Motivasi berprestasi adalah motivasi
yang mendorong seseorang untuk berbuat lebih baik dari apa yang pernah dibuat
atau diraih sebelumnya maupun yang dibuat atau diraih orang lain yang dapat
diukur melalui:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 76.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berusaha untuk untuk unggul dalam kelompoknya<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 76.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menyelesaikan tugas dengan baik<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 76.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rasional dalammeraih keberhasilan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 76.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menyukai tantangan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 76.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menerima tanggung jawab pribadi
untuk sukses<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 76.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menyukai situasi pekerjaan dengan
tanggung jawab pribadi, umpan balik dan resiko tingkat menengah<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tes kreativitas<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Keativitas merupakan proses berfikir
yang dapat digunakan untuk memecahkan masalah atau menjawab pertanyaan secara
benar dan bermanfaat (Devito, 1989 : 118).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ciri-ciri kreativitas berkaitan
dengan imaginasi, orisinalitas, berfikir devergen, penemuan hal-hal yang
bersifat baru, intuisi, hal-hal yang menyangkut perubahan dan eksploasi (coben,
1976 : 17). Tes kreativitas teriri dari dua yaitu tes verbal dan tes gambar.
Yang memilki ciri kelancaran, keluwesan, keaslian dan elaborasi (Torance, 1974
: 8).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-outline-level: 1;"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">BAB III<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">PENUTUP</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Simpulan<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Instrumen
non-tes dapat digunakan jika kita ingin mengetahui kualitas proses dan produk
dari suatu pekerjaan serta hal-hal yang berkenaan dengan domain afektif,
seperti sikap, minat, bakat dan motivasi. Instrumen non-tes dapat digunakan
jika kita ingin mengetahui kualitas proses dan produk dari suatu pekerjaan
serta hal-hal yang berkenaan dengan domain afektif, seperti sikap, minat, bakat
dan motivasi.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>Instrumen
evaluasi jenis non-tes diartikan sebagai sesuatu yang digunakan untuk
mempermudah pihak-pihak tertentu untuk memperoleh kualitas atas suatu objek
dengan menggunakan teknik non-tes.Macam-macam instrumen evaluasi non tes
meliputi : Observasi, wawancara, angket, skala sikap, daftar cek, skala penilaian,
sosiometri, catatan Insidental.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: 28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pemberian penghargaan terhadap
peserta didik dalam kegiatan pembelajaran bertujuan untuk meningkatkan
perhtian, motivasi, semangat, dan kemudahan belajar, serta memodifikasi
tingkahlaku peserta didik yang kurang positif menjadi tingkah laku yang
produktif.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Saran<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.25in; mso-add-space: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Penyusunan makalah ini jauh dari sempurna
walaupun telah dikerjakan dengan penuh kesungguhan dan ketelitian. Mengingat
keterbatasan penulisan serta sifat manusia yang fitrahnya lupa dan salah. Oleh
karena itu penulis mengharapkan adanya keritikan dan saran dari berbagai pihak
untuk perbaikan demi kemajuan bersama.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">H. Djaali
dan Pudji Mulyono. <i>Pengukuran Dalam Bidang Pendidikan.</i> Jakarta: PT
Grasindo. 2008.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Miftachudin. 2010. <i>Kekurangan dan
Kelebihan Bentuk Tes Jenis Uraian</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Nur, Dewi
dkk. 2009. <i>Teknik dan Alat Evaluasi Pendidikan Nontes</i>. Bogor. Laporan
kegiatan.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sunarya,
Yaya. 2011. <i>Strategi Meningkatkan Kualitas Tes Uraian</i>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></p>Fadhilah OKUhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10281099993610775199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582096905088977360.post-59952949793897474622021-03-24T02:41:00.004-07:002021-03-24T18:46:10.013-07:00Soal-soal PPKN Kelas XII<p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; text-align: justify;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK0iIfn0yfSJ-HTUW-sLmn1n5tgIMyEm7IxPx84IsQCu079Y-kBbZ-rn2i0K4RwKm96mFfScvFgBgZL3tmNruR5P4HD_X7JYmU-DpkN4-ZHTX-RBAdAIdPsUZyMvNVGdiEBOFA2xF1U5Lz/s885/SOAL+PKN.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="577" data-original-width="885" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK0iIfn0yfSJ-HTUW-sLmn1n5tgIMyEm7IxPx84IsQCu079Y-kBbZ-rn2i0K4RwKm96mFfScvFgBgZL3tmNruR5P4HD_X7JYmU-DpkN4-ZHTX-RBAdAIdPsUZyMvNVGdiEBOFA2xF1U5Lz/s320/SOAL+PKN.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />Soal soal PPKN XII<p></p><p><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt; text-align: justify;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">1. Salah satu ciri negara demokrasi
adalah.....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. adanya kebebasan untuk berekspresi<span></span></span></p><a name='more'></a><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. adanya kebebasan untuk bekerja<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. adanya peradilan yang modern<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. pemerintahan yang berwibawa<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. perekonomian yang mapan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. adanya kebebasan untuk berekspresi</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">2. Berikut ini yang dapat menjadi sarana atau
forum komunikasi masyarakat adalah....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. pertemuan antarpejabat daerah<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. pertemuan dalam rapat bisnis<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. musyawarah anggota DPR<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. petemuan hari besar keagamaan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. antrean pembelian tiket kereta api di
stasiun</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. musyawarah anggota DPR</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">3. Pada masa kolonilaisme, pers berperan
menyebarkan tentang....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. gagasan memajukan masyarakat<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. membina kerja sama sesama penulis<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. gagasan kemerdekaan dan kebangsaan
Indonesia<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. menghindari dan menjauhi penindasan
penjajahan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. menjadi media promosi bagi produsen</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. gagasan kemerdekaan dan kebangsaan
Indonesia</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">4. Pers tertua bahasa Melayu Indonesia
adalah....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. Djuramartini<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. Bromartani<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. Darmo Kondo<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. Pewarga Deli<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. Djurumartani</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. Bromartani</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">5. Menurut UU No. 40 Tahun 1999 tentang Pers
menyebutkan bahwa yang dimaksud dengan pers adalah....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. lembaga sosial<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dan wahana komunikasi massa yang melaksanakan
kegiatan jurnalistik<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. alat cetak untuk mencetak buku atau surat
kabar<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. surat kabar dan majalah yang berisi berita<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. segala aktivitas yang mengulas
berita-berita<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. segala barang yang dikerjakan dengan mesin
cetak</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. lembaga sosial<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dan wahana komunikasi massa yang melaksanakan
kegiatan jurnalistik</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">6. Pada negara yang menganut paham kebebasan
berpendapat dan demokrasi, pers merupakan.....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. alat perekat pemerintah yang berkuasa<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. pilar demokrasi keempat<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. salah satu pendukung liberalisme<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. pendukung oposisi bagi pemerintah<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. pendukung kekuasaan pemerintah</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. pilar demokrasi keempat</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">7. Selaku warga negara Indonesia, kita
memiliki hak bicara dan menyampaikan pendapat yang....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. dilakukan secara bebas tanpa batas<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. disertai perizinan dari petugas keamanan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. disampaikan dengan cara sopan dan
menghormati<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. mementingkan kepentingan semua pihak<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. disertai dengan tanggung jawab sosial</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. disertai dengan tanggung jawab sosial</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">8. Pers dapat memengaruhi pada masyarakat,
karena pers memiliki fungsi sebagai....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. kritik sosial<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. komunikator massa<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. lembaga bisnis<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. ajang kreatif dan seni<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. lembaga pendidikan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. komunikator massa</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">9. Sesuai dengan fungsi dan tradisinya, pers
harus menjadi....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. penyambung lidah masyarakat<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. kontrol kepentingan pemerintah<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. alat seleksi kebijakan pemerintah<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. penjaga kepentingan publik<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. pembela dan alat propaganda pemerintah<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. penyambung lidah masyarakat</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">10. Setelah berperan serta dalam upaya mengembangkan
kesadaran nasional untuk memperjuangkan kemerdekaan massa sebelumnya, pers
nasional menunjukkan tanggung jawab sosialnya sebagai bagian dari negara baru
yang berdaulat, tidak mengherankan jika pers pada masa itu disebut....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. sebagai pers modern<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. pers pemberani<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. sebagai pers pejuang<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. pers pers dalam alam kemerdekaan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. pers Pancasila<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. sebagai pers pejuang</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">11. Bagi kita, semua bentuk kemajuan
teknologi termasuk teknologi komunikasi dan informasi, kita sikapi....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. dengan senang sebagai sarana untuk
meningkatkan kesejahteraan hidup<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. biasa, karena yang meamjukan teknologi
bukan bangsa Indonesia<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. dengan bangga, karena semua kemajuan itu
dicapai atas nama kemanusiaan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. rasa syukur dan kita manfaatkan untuk
kemajuan dan kesejahteraan hidup<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. dengan sedih dan kecewa, karena tidak
dikembangkan oleh bangsa kita<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. dengan senang sebagai sarana untuk
meningkatkan kesejahteraan hidup</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">12. Selepas Orde Baru, kebebasan pers tampak
lebih bebas dan merdeka, karena....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. adanya pencabutan undang-undang pers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. pers tidak perlu diatur dalam
undang-undang<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. bermunculan media massa baru yang lebih
segar<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. presiden membubarkan departemen penerangan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. kebijakan mengenai pers diperlonggar
pemerintah<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. kebijakan mengenai pers diperlonggar
pemerintah</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">13. Pers Indonesia dalam arti pers yang
orientasi, sikap, dan tingkah lakunya berdasarkan pada nilai-nilai Pancasila
dan UUD 1945 disebut....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. harpaan pers Indonesia<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. pengertian pers Pancasila<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. hakikat pers Pancasila<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. tujuan pers Pancasila<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. cita-cita pers Pancasila<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. pengertian pers Pancasila</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">14. Sikap dan perbuatan kita terhadap pers
yang keras dan tajam mengkritik pemerintah negara kita adalah....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. secara kritis mencermati semua yang
disampaikan pers tersebut<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. membenci pers, karena merupakan sumber
perpecahan bangsa<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. mendukung upaya tersebut sebagai kontrol
positif pada negara<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. kritis mencermati kritik tersebut dan
mendukung secara proporsional<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. senang terhadap pers yang beraliran keras
meskipun kritiknya kurang tepat<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. mendukung upaya tersebut sebagai kontrol
positif pada negara</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">15. Bagi bangsa Indonesia, menggunakan alat
komunikasi yang manapun tidak masalah, sebab yang penting adalah....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. tetap mempertahankan nilai luhur bangsa<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. seoptimal mungkin meskipun dengan segala
cara<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. nilai-nilai kesopanan pada diri kita<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. kita tetap bangga walaupun bangsa lain
lebih maju<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. kita tidak perlu mengembangkan ilmu
pengetahuan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. tetap mempertahankan nilai luhur bangsa</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">16. Berita atau informasi yang lebih cepat dan sangat
diutamakan walaupun sedikit mengabaikan tata krama, tetapi dapat diterima
masyarakat adalah....</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br />
<span style="background: white;">a. berita tentang kematian seseorang</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">b. berita undangan perkawinan</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">c. informasi tentang keadaan cuaca</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">d. siaran berita radio dan televisi</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">e. informasi melalui surat kabar</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. informasi tentang keadaan
cuaca</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br />
<span style="background: white;">17. Apabila suatu media massa sering membuat
kekeliruan berita, yang terjadi dalam masyarakat adalah....</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">a. pimpinan redaksinya akan dijatuhi hukuman yang
berat</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">b. media massa tersebut dinyatakan terlarang
untuk terbit</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">c. dinilai secara moral tidak layak terbit dalam
beberapa bulan</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">d. cepat menimbulkan masalah dan konflik dalam
kehidupan masyarakat</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">e. kehilangan pamor dan kepercayaan publik
sehingga ditinggalkan pembacanya</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. cepat menimbulkan masalah
dan konflik dalam kehidupan masyarakat</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br />
<span style="background: white;">18. Hal yang layak dilakukan oleh penulis berita
media massa adalah....</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">a. pemberitaan yang menuliskan lengkap nama
selebritis dengan identitasnya</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">b. penyampaian informasi dengan menulis berita
sesuai fakta dan data secara proporsional</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">c. pemilihan berita yang menguntungkan misi
pemerintah</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">d. mencari dan mengumpulkan berita konflik dari
sumber yang tidak seimbang</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">e. menggunakan gaya bahasa yang dilakukan oleh penulis
berita lain</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. penyampaian informasi
dengan menulis berita sesuai fakta dan data secara proporsiona</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">l</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br />
<span style="background: white;">19. Di Indonesia yang memberikan kebebasan
kepada pers sehingga jurnalis mempunyai keleluasaan untuk mengekspresikan
informasinya terdapat pada era...</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">a. pergerakan nasional</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">b. Orde Lama</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">c. reformasi</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">d. Orde Baru</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">e. Revolusi</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban: </span><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. reformasi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br />
<span style="background: white;">20. Media massa yang melakukan investigasi untuk
membongkar kecurangan dalam proses pemilihan presiden dan wakil presiden
berarti....</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">a. memenuhi hak masyarakat untuk mengetahui</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">b. menegakkan nilai-nilai dasar demokrasi,
demokrasi mendorong terwujudnya supremasi hukum dan hak asasi manusia, serta
menghormati kebhinekaan</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">c. mengembangkan pendapat umum berdasarkan
informasi yang tepat, akurat, dan benar</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">d. melakukan pengawasan, kritik, koreksi, dan
saran terhadap hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan kepentingan umum.</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">e. menunjukkan keadilan dan kebeneran<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. melakukan pengawasan,
kritik, koreksi, dan saran terhadap hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan kepentingan
umum.</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br />
<span style="background: white;">21. Prinsip dasar pandangannya adalah bahwa
kemerdekaan pers harus disertai dengan kewajiban-kewajiban, yaitu....</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">a. bertanggung jawab kepada keluarganya</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">b. bertanggung jawab kepada masyarakat</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">c. bertanggung jawab kepada pemerintah</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">d. bertanggung jawab kepada masyarakat atau
bangsa<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. bertanggung jawab kepada agama</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. bertanggung jawab kepada
masyarakat atau bangsa</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">22</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">. Inti permasalahan dalam sistem kebebasan
pers adalah....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. kebebasan yang tanpa batas<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. kebebasan yang mengarah kepada anarkisme<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. sistem kebebasan untuk mengeluarkan
pendapat<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. sumber daya manusia yang terbatas<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. sumber daya manusia yang tidak terbatas<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. kebebasan yang tanpa batas</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">23. Dampak negatif penyalahgunaan kebebasan
pers bagi masyarakat adalah....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. mempercepat kerusakan akhlak dan moral
bangsa<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. menimbulkan pemborosan dan sifat konsumtif<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. menghambat kegiatan masyarakat sehari-hari<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. mengganggu ekonomi rakyat<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. merugikan investor yang bergerak dalam
bidan media massa<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. mempercepat kerusakan akhlak dan moral
bangsa</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">24</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">. Pers dapat memberitakan tentang program
pemerintah. Di sisi lain pers juga dapat memberitakan demonstrasi yang
dilakukan masyakarat. Hal ini mencerminkan pers yang memberitakan fungsi
sebagai....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. memberikan pendidikan yang bermutu kepada
masyarakat<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. melakukan kontrol sosial atas segala
kebijakan pemerintah<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. sebagai penghubung antara pemerintah
dengan rakyat<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. memberi hiburan kepada masyarakat<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. memberi informasi kepada masyarakat<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. sebagai penghubung antara pemerintah
dengan rakyat</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">25</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">. Di bawah ini yang merupakan pengawas media,
kecuali....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. media pers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. masyarakat<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. asosiasi profesi karyawan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. pemerintah<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. organisasi pers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. pemerintah</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">26</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">. Untuk menjamin tegaknya kebebasan pers dan
terpenuhinya hak masyarakat, maka diperlukan....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. pembenahan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. etika profesi<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. masyarakat<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. pengawasan pemerintah<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. pengurangan media<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. etika profesi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">27</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">. Berikut ini merupakan bentuk penyalahgunaan
penyampaian informasi melalui media massa adalah, kecuali....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. penyiaran berita atau informasi yang
menyalahi kode etik jurnalistik<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. membentuk opini yang menyesatkan
masyarakat<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. pelanggaran terhadap undang-undang hukum
pidana<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. menyiarakn tulisan yang bersifat provokatif<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. memberikan informasi yang sesungguhnya<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. memberikan informasi yang sesungguhnya</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">28</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">. Di bawah ini yang bukan merupakan contoh
penyalahgunaan kebebasan pers adalah....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. digunakan sebagai alat politik oleh oknum
tertentu untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. sebagai sarana untuk menyampaikan pendapat
seseorang secara bebas, bahkan mengabaikan etika yang berlaku<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. menyalahkan program yang tidak mendidik
bahkan berbenturan dengan norma-norma yang berlaku<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. digunakan untuk memeras pejabat tertentu
yang diduga telah melakukan pelanggaran hukum<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. melakukan koneksi apakah pemerintah dalam
menempatkan pejabat-pejabat berdasarkan aspirasi rakyat dan berkualitas<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. melakukan koneksi apakah pemerintah dalam
menempatkan pejabat-pejabat berdasarkan aspirasi rakyat dan berkualitas</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">29</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">. Pers Indonesia memiliki kebebasan yang luas
sesuai tuntutuan pada era reformasi menurut....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. UU No. 38 tahun 1999<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. UU No. 50 tahun 1999<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. UU No. 40 tahun 1999<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. UU No. 30 tahun 1999<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. UU No. 41 tahun 1999<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. UU No. 40 tahun 1999</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">30</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">. Beriku ini merupakan pelanggaran terhadap
ketentuan undang-undang hukum pidana, kecuali....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. isi berita bersifat menipu<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. isi berita menghina agama tertentu<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. isi berita mencemarkan nama baik seseorang<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. mengandung pornografi<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. berita yang menyebarkan perdamaian<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. berita yang menyebarkan perdamaian<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">31</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">. UU Pers dan UU Penyiaraan haruslha
mencerminkan sinkronisasi, yaitu....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. tuntutan masyarakat<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. tuntutan kemajuan teknologi komunikasi<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. tuntutan perubahan zaman<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. tuntutan kebebasan yang diputarbalikkan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. tuntunan kekuasaan bangsa lain<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. tuntutan kemajuan teknologi komunikasi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">32</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">. Pengertian media menurut Boran Hedebro
(1986) adalah....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. media alat penyebar berita<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. media adalah pembentuk aspek sosial<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. media adalah pembentuk kesadaran sosial<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. media adalah pembentuk opini publik<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. media adalah pembentuk sikap sosial<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. media adalah pembentuk kesadaran sosial</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">33</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">. Akibat yang timbul dari penyalahgunaan
kebebasan pers, kecuali....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. pers yang tanpa batas akan cenderung
menimbulkan suatu imperialisme dan kolonialisme<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. pers yang disalahgunakan oleh pihak
tertentu bisa saja menimbulkan perpecahan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. pemberitahuan yang tidak bertanggung jawab
bisa menimbulkan hancurnya citra baik sekelompok orang, golongan, bahkan suatu
bangsa<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d.
pers yang yang terlalu bebas akan dapat menimbulkan kesimpangsiuran informasi<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. pers yang terlalu bebas dapat menimbulkan
kebersamaan dan persatuan golongan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban: e. pers yang terlalu bebas dapat
menimbulkan kebersamaan dan persatuan golongan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">34</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">. Manfaat media massa dalam kehidupan
sehari-hari adalah....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. mudahnya dalam mendapatkan informsi<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. dapat menjangkau informasi ke seluruh
belahan dunia<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. jika ada gejolak politik mudah mendapatkan
informasi<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. masyarakat dapat bersifat kritis<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. banyaknya kasus kejahatan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. mudahnya dalam mendapatkan informsi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">35</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">. Pers harus berperan sebagai gent of reform,
yaitu....<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. agen pengubah negara<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. agen pengubah realitas<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. agen pengubah kebijakan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. agen pengubah kepercayaan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. agen pengubah kehidupan sosial<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. agen pengubah realitas</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">36</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">. Pers yang tanpa batas cenderung
menimbulkan.... pada pilar, opini, danpandangan hidup yang berlebihan.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. chauvinisme<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. komunisme<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">c. nasionalisme<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. imperialisme<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. fanatisme<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">e. fanatisme</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">37</span><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">. Berikut ini yang bukan
pelaku utama dan sekaligus merupakan motor penggerak globalisasi adalah....</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br />
<span style="background: white;">a. negara</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">b. perusahaan transnasional</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">c. bank transnasional</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">d. lembaga keuangan multilateral</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">e. birokrasi perdagangan global</span></span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. negara</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">38</span><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">. Globalisasi, ini muncul bersamaan
dengan kebangkitan kembali kaum....</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br />
<span style="background: white;">a. neoimprealisme</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">b. neokapitalisme</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">c. liberalisme</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">d. neoliberalisme</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">e. Kapitalisme</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. neoliberalisme</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br />
</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">39</span><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">. Pada abad XXI memasuki era globalisasi
ditandai dengan fenomena seperti di bawah ini, kecuali...</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br />
<span style="background: white;">a. menguatkan ruang pribadi</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">b. merupakan era kompetisi</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">c. mengabaikan aspek kelokalan</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">d. deterirotialisasi dan transnasionalisme</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">e. naiknya intensitas hubungan antarbangs</span></span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. menguatkan ruang pribadi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br />
</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">40</span><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">. Proses globalisasi didahului oleh
lahirnya era kolonialisasi pada abad XV. Salah satu hal yang menandai era
kolonialisme adalah....</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br />
<span style="background: white;">a. adanya penekanan pada pertumbuhan ekonomi
global</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">b. adanya ekspansi secara fisik negara penjajah</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">c. diterapkannya prinsip persamaan</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">d. adanya kerja sama saling menguntungkan</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">e. diterapkannya prinsip persamaan derajat
antarwarga</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">b. adanya ekspansi secara
fisik negara penjajah</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br />
</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">41</span><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">. Lembaga dunia yang berpendapat bahwa
globalisasi adalah kebebasan, kemampuan individu, dan perusahaan untuk dapat
memprakarsai transaksi ekonomi dengan orang-orang dari negara lain adalah...</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br />
<span style="background: white;">a. A.G. Mc. Grew</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">b. Bank Dunia</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">c. Wikipedia Encyclopedia</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">d. IMF</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">e. Antohny Giddens</span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jawaban : </span><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d. IMF</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>Fadhilah OKUhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10281099993610775199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582096905088977360.post-59590475727666407112021-03-23T20:14:00.003-07:002021-03-23T20:29:24.752-07:00Berikut Bocoran Spesifikasi Oppo Reno 5 F<p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_kqrAqdWnK8tDfIH6Qty4uD-JL37GUAX38jNT7deBD6nrZ2fvtTsW_3s6bxz8qNC_L4UMDdgqDcBqW4dekp_8zboVhTOoMB6H12FS0AASjbRgjbdgZtBYtY_vPG6OQJyFgeY7JAsibprZ/s1200/oppo+reno+5+f.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="675" data-original-width="1200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_kqrAqdWnK8tDfIH6Qty4uD-JL37GUAX38jNT7deBD6nrZ2fvtTsW_3s6bxz8qNC_L4UMDdgqDcBqW4dekp_8zboVhTOoMB6H12FS0AASjbRgjbdgZtBYtY_vPG6OQJyFgeY7JAsibprZ/s320/oppo+reno+5+f.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;">Kabarnya
OPPO akan menghadirkan seri Reno5 F di Indonesia. Rencananya, perangkat
ini akan tersedia pada akhir bulan Maret 2021,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Menjelang peluncurannya,
OPPO cukup aktif memberikan bocoran perangkat ini melalui persona Vanesha
Prescilla dalam unggahan stories Instagram resmi OPPO Indonesia. Misalnya
beberapa waktu yang lalu, akun OPPO Indonesia mengunggah gambar perangkat Reno5
F melalui stories Instagram.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0in;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Selain itu, Oppo
Reno5 F akan ditujukan untuk kalangan muda seperti mahasiswa atau orang yang
baru masuk dunia kerja. Hal ini diperlihatkan dari desain panel belakang yang
menampilkan warna mencolok.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Beikut
Bocoran Spesifikasi Oppo Reno 5 F<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 11.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 11.25pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Desain dan Layar</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br />
Oppo Reno5 F hadir dengan dimensi 160,1 x 73,2 x 7.8 mm dan berat 172 gram.
Panel belakang Reno5 F menampilkan modul kamera berwarna hitam yang beda dengan
Reno5 sebelumnya dengan modul kamera mengikuti warna panel.<br />
<br />
Oppo Reno5 mengusung layar AMOLED 6,43 inci dengan resolusi full HD+ 1080 x 2400
piksel. Ponsel menggunakan refresh rate 60Hz dan rasio screen to body 90,8
persen.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 11.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 11.25pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kamera<span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><br />
</span></span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Oppo Reno5 F meluncur dengan opsi quad-camera yang terdiri
dari kamera utama 48 MP, kamera ultrawide 8 MP, kamera portrait 2 MP, dan
kamera makro 2 MP. Sementara kamera depan mengusung sensor 32 MP.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 11.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 11.25pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Prosesor<span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><br />
</span></span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Oppo Reno5 F ditenagai chipset MediaTek Helio P95 yang
dipasangkan dengan RAM 8 GB dan memori internal 128 GB. Adapun sistem operasi
yang digunakan adalah Android 11 berbasis tampilan antarmuka ColorOS 11.1.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 11.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 11.25pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Baterai<span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><br />
</span></span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Baterai Oppo Reno5 F memiliki kapasitas 4.310 mAh dan
dilengkapi teknologi fast charging 30 W VOOC Flash Charge 4.0.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 11.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 11.25pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Fitur Lain<span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><br />
</span></span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Ponsel anyar ini juga menghadirkan fitur konektivitas
seperti Wifi, Bluetooth 5.1, port USB-C, GPS, pemindai sidik jari dalam layar,
Face Unlock, port audio jack 3.5 m, dan NFC.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 11.25pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 11.25pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><a href="https://www.suara.com/tag/harga-reno5-f"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Harga Reno5 F</span></a><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"><br />
</span></span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.4pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Harga Reno5 F dengan varian RAM 8 GB dan memori internal
128 GB dibanderol <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rp 4 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>jutaan. Smartphone hadir dengan varian warna
Fantastic Purple dan Fluid Black.<o:p></o:p></span></p>Fadhilah OKUhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10281099993610775199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582096905088977360.post-74270542801808185332021-03-19T22:16:00.007-07:002021-03-26T18:14:59.037-07:00Zhong Shanshan Berhasil Jadi Orang Terkaya China Dari Jualan Air Kemasan Botol<p> </p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.95pt; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;"><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvEKU6w05itMV86u3vePulSgoiZuEOegsk-kw9LAN_JnZ-19xPuGkGDHAygiJL_-CtEDUZD-hJ_zpUxCe2p4BUa3u4z-Ewyb9t2bpyYjkz4YYjP3ezqlQUMsTW-Mkiv59qlb28bi4EPlO2/s1479/6.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="827" data-original-width="1479" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvEKU6w05itMV86u3vePulSgoiZuEOegsk-kw9LAN_JnZ-19xPuGkGDHAygiJL_-CtEDUZD-hJ_zpUxCe2p4BUa3u4z-Ewyb9t2bpyYjkz4YYjP3ezqlQUMsTW-Mkiv59qlb28bi4EPlO2/s320/6.png" width="320" /></a></b></div><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.95pt; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Zhong Shanshan Berhasil Jadi Orang
Terkaya China </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.95pt; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Dari Jualan Air Kemasan Botol</span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.95pt; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.95pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Zhong Shanshan adalah bos
air mineral dalam kemasan botol dan galon di Negeri Tirai Bambu. Berkat
bisnisnya itu, siapa sangka dia menjadi orang terkaya di China.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.95pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.95pt; margin: 12.95pt 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dilansir dari Forbes kekayaan Zhong Shanshan
mengungguli kekayaan Jack Ma <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.95pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kekayaan Zhong Shanshan
diperoleh dari perusahaannya bernama Nongfu Spring, yang menjual air dalam
kemasan. Perusahaannya itu menguasai seperempat pasar air kemasan di China dan
mencatatkan sahamnya di Hong Kong pada September 2020.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.95pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Selain itu, Zhong
Shanshan juga merupakan pemegang saham terbesar dari perusahaan farmasi yang
bernama Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.95pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perusahaan itu
mengembangkan vaksin virus Corona (COVID-19) yang nantinya diinjeksi dengan
alat semprotan hidung. Vaksin itu dikembangkan bersama Xiamen University dan
Hong Kong University.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.95pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Di balik kekayaannya,
Zhong Shanshan memiliki masa lalu yang cukup kelam. Pria kelahiran Hangzhou
pada 66 tahun yang lalu itu putus sekolah dasar (SD) selama Revolusi Kebudayaan
China yang kacau.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.95pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pekerjaan apapun Zhong
Shanshan lakoni. Dia sempat bekerja sebagai pekerja konstruksi, reporter surat
kabar dan agen penjualan minuman sebelum memulai bisnis air galon.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.95pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kekayaan Zhong Shanshan telah
melonjak selama tahun 2020. Penambahan kekayaan bersihnya itu mengalahkan Jeff
Bezos dan Elon Musk, dan elit digital lainnya karena penurunan nilai saham.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); line-height: 20.25pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #202124; font-family: "inherit","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Zhong Shanshan Successfully Becomes China's Richest Person From
Selling Bottled Water.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); line-height: 20.25pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #202124; font-family: "inherit","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Zhong Shanshan is the boss of bottled and gallon mineral water
in the Land of the Bamboo Curtain. Thanks to his business, who would have
thought he would be the richest person in China.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); line-height: 20.25pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #202124; font-family: "inherit","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Reporting from Forbes, Zhong Shanshan's wealth surpasses Jack
Ma's wealth.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); line-height: 20.25pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #202124; font-family: "inherit","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Zhong Shanshan's wealth was obtained from his company called
Nongfu Spring, which sold bottled water. The company controls a quarter of the
bottled water market in China and listed its shares in Hong Kong in September 2020.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); line-height: 20.25pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #202124; font-family: "inherit","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In addition, Zhong Shanshan is also the largest shareholder of a
pharmaceutical company called Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); line-height: 20.25pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #202124; font-family: "inherit","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The company is developing a Corona virus vaccine (COVID-19)
which will be injected with a nasal spray device. The vaccine was developed in
collaboration with Xiamen University and Hong Kong University.</span><span style="color: #202124; font-size: 16pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); line-height: 20.25pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #202124; font-family: "inherit","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Despite his wealth, Zhong Shanshan has a pretty dark past. The
man who was born in Hangzhou in 66 years ago dropped out of elementary school
(SD) during China's chaotic Cultural Revolution.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); line-height: 20.25pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #202124; font-family: "inherit","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Whatever work Zhong Shanshan does. He worked as a construction
worker, newspaper reporter and beverage sales agent before starting a gallon
water business.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: rgb(248, 249, 250); line-height: 20.25pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #202124; font-family: "inherit","serif"; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Zhong Shanshan's net worth has surged over the course of 2020.
His net worth has outperformed Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk, and other digital
elites due to stock declines.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.95pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>Fadhilah OKUhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10281099993610775199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582096905088977360.post-46491748138859096552021-03-19T22:09:00.002-07:002021-03-19T22:11:31.399-07:00BACAAN BILAL SHOLAT TARAWIH <p> </p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Cooper Std Black", serif; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 73.6px;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Cooper Std Black", serif; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 73.6px;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR3BIwm2QOw-vOFSDyyBqOdK6vMQph8xLAA5W8ekactipDMT3fR4B3NqcJszvHrNejadYJGQD6QPyqmATYsDEb9DkJv-4mihDM3AHIdUNx6LGInstE8PnXtRnnRSuPN4iDVDPvUTkd-FkJ/s900/tarawih.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR3BIwm2QOw-vOFSDyyBqOdK6vMQph8xLAA5W8ekactipDMT3fR4B3NqcJszvHrNejadYJGQD6QPyqmATYsDEb9DkJv-4mihDM3AHIdUNx6LGInstE8PnXtRnnRSuPN4iDVDPvUTkd-FkJ/s320/tarawih.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></b></div><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Cooper Std Black", serif; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 73.6px;">BACAAN BILAL<o:p></o:p></span></b><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Cooper Std Black", serif; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 73.6px;">SHOLAT TARAWIH<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Cooper Std Black", serif; font-size: 48pt; line-height: 73.6px;">PUASA ROMADHON<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 36.8px;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span face="Arial, sans-serif" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 36.8px;"><br /></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">TARAWIH RAKA’AT</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;"> = 1 & 2<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">IMAM
</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">--<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1. SURAT AL FATIHA</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">H- A</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 22pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt;">LHAKUMUTTAKASUR</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t32" coordsize="21600,21600"
o:spt="32" o:oned="t" path="m,l21600,21600e" filled="f">
<v:path arrowok="t" fillok="f" o:connecttype="none"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" shapetype="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_s1026" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;
margin-left:0;margin-top:32.8pt;width:540.75pt;height:0;z-index:251655680'
o:connectortype="straight"/><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 2px; margin-left: -1px; margin-top: 43px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 723px; z-index: 251655680;"><img height="2" src="file:///C:/Users/FADHILAH/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1026" width="723" /></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">2.
SURAT AL FATIHA</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">H</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">
</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">– </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">WAL
ASRI</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">BILAL</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">- </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Ashsholatutarawiih
himin kiami sahriromadona ajro rohima kumullah <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">- </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Allahumma
sholli wa sallim alaa sayyidinaa muhammad <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">- </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Allahumma
sholli wa sallim alaa sayyidina wamaulana Muhammad <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">- </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Allahumma
sholli wa salim sayyidina wahabibina <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Wasafi-ina
wamula zina-wazuhrina wamaulana Muhammad<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Al
awwalu holipaturosuulullahi sholalahu alaihi wasallam amirul mu'mina abu bakrin
asidik tardo HU'AN </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Asho-sholaatulkiami asaabakumullah. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">TARAWIH
RAK</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">A</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">'AT
= 3 & 4<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">IMAM
- 1.SURAT AL FATIHA</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">H</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">-
ALAM</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">TAROKAI<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1027" type="#_x0000_t32"
style='position:absolute;margin-left:12pt;margin-top:35.85pt;width:540.75pt;
height:0;z-index:251656704' o:connectortype="straight"/><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 2px; margin-left: 15px; margin-top: 47px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 723px; z-index: 251656704;"><img height="2" src="file:///C:/Users/FADHILAH/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1027" width="723" /></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">2. SURAT AL FATIHA</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">H</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">LI'ILAPIKUROISIN</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">BILAL<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Paddlamminallah
Hiwani'mah <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Allahumma
sholi wa sallim alaa sayyidina Muhammad<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Allahumma
sholi wa sallim alaa sayyidina wamaulana Muhammad<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Allahumma
sholli wa salim alaa sayyidina- wahabibina- wasafi'ina wamula zina- wazuhrina
wamaulana Muhammad <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Atsani
holipaturosuulullahi sholallahu alaihi wasallam</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">A</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">mirul mu' minina umar rubnul hottop
TARDO HU'AN <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Ash-
Sholaatul kiami asaaba kumullah </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">TARAWIH
RAKA'AT = 5 & 6<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">IMAM-1.
SURAT AL-FATIHAH --ARO'AITAllAZI<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_s1028" type="#_x0000_t32" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-top:37.3pt;width:540.75pt;height:0;
z-index:251657728' o:connectortype="straight"/><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 2px; left: 0px; margin-left: -1px; margin-top: 49px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 723px; z-index: 251657728;"><img height="2" src="file:///C:/Users/FADHILAH/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1028" width="723" /></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">2. SURAT AL FATIHAH -- INNA- A'TOINA</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>BILAL<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Ash
sholaa tujaami'ah 3X Rohimakumullah<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Allahumma
sholii wa Salim alaa sayyidina Muhammad<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Allahumma
sholli wa salim alaa sayyidina wamaulana Muhammad<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Allahumma
sholli wa sallim alaa sayyidina- wahibibina-wasafi'ina wamula zina - wazuhrina
wamaulana Muhammad<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">AS
SALLISU Holipatur rosulillahi solallahu alaihi wasalalam<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Amirul
mu'minina Usman nubnu, appan TARDO HU'AN <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Ash
Sholaatul kiami asaaba kumullah<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">TARAWIH
RAKA'AT = 7 & 8<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">IMAM
-1. Surat AL FATIHAH - IZAJAH <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1029" type="#_x0000_t32"
style='position:absolute;margin-left:.75pt;margin-top:33.55pt;width:540.75pt;
height:0;z-index:251658752' o:connectortype="straight"/><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 2px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 44px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 723px; z-index: 251658752;"><img height="2" src="file:///C:/Users/FADHILAH/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1029" width="723" /></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2. SURAT AL FATIHAH - TABBADYADA </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">BILAL<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Paddlamminallaah
Hiwani'mah <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Allahumma
Sholli wa sallim alaa sayyidinaa muhammad<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Allahumma
sholli wa sallim alaa sayyidina wamaulana Muhammad<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Allahumma
sholli wa sallim alaa sayyidina wahibina wasafi-ina wamula zina wazuhrina
wamaulana Muhammad<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">ARROBBI'U
Kholipatur rosulillahi sholallahu alaihi wasallam amirul mu'minina aliyibni abholib
karomallahhu wajha<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Ash
Sholaatul kiami asaaba kumullah<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">AMALAN
BERJEMA'A<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">-
sub haa nal malikil maujud <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">-
sub haa nal malikil ma</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">’b</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">ud <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Sub
haa nal malikil hayillazi layanamu <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Walaayaputu-
walaayamutu abadaa<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">- subbuhun,
kuddusun robbuna wa robbul malaikati warru <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Sub
haa nallahi - wal ham dulillai <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Walaa
ilaa ha' illallaahuu wallaahu akbar<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Walaa
haulawalaa kuataillah billaahi aliyil adzim<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Robbana
aamanna bimaa anzaltaa<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Wattaba'
narrosula - pa' tub naa ma'assahidiin<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">D</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">O</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">'A<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Allahumma
innanas alukaridho kawal jannata wa na'uzubikamin sakhotika wannar (3x)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Bijuudika
aamin- wa'am ninabika amin </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">ya
khoirol mas'ulin . . . Naa yaa' allah<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Allahumma
ya mujiba do'a assaa'ilin <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Waya
kobbilla ta' ibin nawaya rohimad du' apa <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Iwal
pukoro, wal yatama, wal masakin <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Allahummaghpirlana
bika romika aj ma'in <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Watu</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">b</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;"> wazzaki, wa' pu' am may ya kuuluu<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Aamiinn,
aamiin, aamiin . . . . <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Wa
sholallah wa shallam alaih<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Wal,hamdulillahi
robbill' alamiin<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Asholaaatul
witrii 3X </span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">.......
</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Atsaabakumullah.
. .<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">(
asholaa tulaa ilaa haillallah) <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">WITIR
3 REKA'AT (1 KALI SALAM)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">IMAAM
-- 1. AL FATIHAH --- SABBIKHIS <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2. Al Fatihah ---- KUL YA <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_s1030" type="#_x0000_t32"
style='position:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:34.55pt;width:540.75pt;
height:0;z-index:251659776' o:connectortype="straight"/><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 2px; margin-left: -1px; margin-top: 45px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 723px; z-index: 251659776;"><img height="2" src="file:///C:/Users/FADHILAH/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1030" width="723" /></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3. Kul hu--- Falaq ---Annas </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">BILAL<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Allahumma innaka apuwun karim, Tubibbul
apuan apuanna (3x)</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">.....Y</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">a
karim <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Allahumma
sholli wasallim alaih<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Wa'alaa
alihi wasohbihi wassalim <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Aamin
naa yaa Allah <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Allahumma
a'tik riko bana <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">Wa riko ba aba ina,waummahatinna</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">, wa’
uladina, wa’ajdadina, wajaddatina, waliihwanina<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Minna
ribbika romika ajma’in <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Watub alaaina, wa’alaa may yakuuluu<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Amin... amin...amin..<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Wa sholallah wa sallam alaih, <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Wal hamdulillaahirobbil ‘alamin..<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">AL FATIHAH . . . . IMAM<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-Amin...Aminn..Amin... Ya robbal alamin <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-wala hawla walaa kuatailla billahil aliyil adzim <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-Allahumma inna nas’ aluka<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-Ya... Allah bi husnil khotima <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-Wana ‘uzzubika minsyaril akibati bi su’il khotima <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-Allahumma afina minkullibalaa ‘idduniya wa’azzabil
akhiro<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">- Wa sholallahu alaa sayyidina muhamaadiw wa’alaa alihi
wa sohbihi ajma’in, wal-hamdulillahi robbil ‘alaamin.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="IN" style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><b><br /> </b><p></p>Fadhilah OKUhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10281099993610775199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582096905088977360.post-78669649388101597892021-03-19T19:01:00.006-07:002021-03-19T20:10:54.417-07:00Anakku - Ingatlah Ayah dan Ibumu<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPUz_uKKuqvomhv9ZU8IVCNqsFyZaAZe3TZgGWG8uNxT9LglO1x3uQlu2NPJ1gOS_pLeecEx938b27PB_4_kgbz528aZ9EuI8F8e2HNBarxcOhjusWw_8HRICjlwQsHInbG5PIZsXXkndK/s780/ayah+dan+ibu.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="743" data-original-width="780" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPUz_uKKuqvomhv9ZU8IVCNqsFyZaAZe3TZgGWG8uNxT9LglO1x3uQlu2NPJ1gOS_pLeecEx938b27PB_4_kgbz528aZ9EuI8F8e2HNBarxcOhjusWw_8HRICjlwQsHInbG5PIZsXXkndK/s320/ayah+dan+ibu.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505;"><b>Anakku - Ingatlah Ayah dan Ibumu</b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505;"><b><br /></b></span></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">Anakku, Aku Sudah Tua...<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">Tolong Maklumi Aku ya...!" <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">Mendengar Kalimat Ini, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">Aku Cuma Bisa Banjir Air Mata...<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">Untuk anakku terkasih...<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">Kalau suatu hari nanti, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">kamu melihatku perlahan menjadi tua, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">tidak bisa lagi merespon dengan cepat, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">tubuhku juga semakin lemah, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">tolonglah bersabar dan cobalah mengerti aku.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">Ketika aku makan dengan belepotan, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">bahkan tidak memakai baju,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"> tolong jangan tertawakan
aku, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">bersabarlah padaku dan tolong ingat, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">aku juga pernah mengajarimu semua hal ini. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">Dengan sabar aku mengajarkanmu cara makan, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">berpakaian dan menghadapi kehidupanmu sendiri.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">Ketika aku terus mengulangi kata-kata yang sama <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">dan tak bisa lagi menyampaikan keinginanku, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">tolong beri aku sedikit waktu untuk berpikir, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">karena aku pun juga tidak bisa apa-apa. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">Jangan terburu-buru berbicara denganku, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">karena bagiku yang terpenting bukanlah berbicara, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">melainkan waktu bersama denganmu.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">Ketika aku tidak mau mandi, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">tolong jangan menyalahkan aku, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">cobalah ingat berapa kali aku harus terus <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">menyuruhmu mandi sewaktu kamu kecil?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">Ketika aku keluar rumah dan <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">tidak menemukan jalan pulang,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"> tolong jangan marah dan
membiarkan aku di luar, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">bawalah aku pulang. Apa kamu ingat sewaktu kecil <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">aku selalu khawatir kalau kamu<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"> tersesat dan tidak bisa
pulang?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">Ketika aku sering berbuat ulah, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">tanpa sengaja memecahkan piring,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"> tolong jangan marah dan
menyalahkanku. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">Coba kamu ingat berapa piring dan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"> sayur yang kamu buang ke
lantai sewaktu kamu kecil?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">Ketika kakiku tidak lagi bisa berjalan, tolong papahlah aku,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"> sama seperti aku memapahmu
untuk<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"> melangkahkan kakimu
pertama kalinya.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">Ketika aku mendekatimu,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"> janganlah marah atau
sedih, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">tolong bersikap lembut padaku,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"> sama seperti aku pernah
melakukannya <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">sewaktu kamu baru lahir ke dunia ini.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">Suatu hari nanti, kamu akan menyadari, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">walaupun aku ini tidak sempurna,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"> tapi aku selalu berusaha
memberikan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"> yang terbaik untuk kamu.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">Ketika aku hampir berada di akhir hidupku,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"> tolong temani aku, jangan
membenci aku. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">Kamu perlu tahu, untuk membesarkanmu <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">menjadi anak yang baik dan terdidik, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">aku juga telah bersusah payah.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">Saat ini, aku juga takut. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">Tidak kusangka meninggalkan bumi ini <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">ternyata begitu menakutkan, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">aku hanya berharap kamu bisa <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">ada di sampingku sampai aku pergi. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">Aku tidak ingin sendirian.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">Cobalah untuk mengerti dan membantuku, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">gunakanlah kasih dan kesabaranmu <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">untuk membantuku mengakhiri hidup ini, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">aku akan menggunakan segenap hati dan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"> cintaku untuk membalasmu.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"> Aku mencintaimu, anakku!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">Pernahkan kamu memeluk ayah dan ibumu dan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;"> juga mengatakan hal yang
sama? <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505; font-family: inherit, serif;">Kalau kamu juga mencintai mereka dan <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #050505;">akan merawat mereka sampai akhir hayat.</span> </p>Fadhilah OKUhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10281099993610775199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582096905088977360.post-25919379346022484002021-03-19T18:52:00.004-07:002021-03-19T18:53:19.698-07:00NARRATIVE TEXT (FABLE) - Semut dan Belalang<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7QEDjBccMS9rj7hRaNzcmSW6arj4eOaW3FBIykll6WOeC12K6sNQn6ql2r9FbzUKoCAdxv1umIABOE8442Z5M2s9P7OiTRn10d-KTZ3zqnenxDXsN0lgaZm_QpA6XwdhsUuJ7IcnLXaNg/s318/SEMUT.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="159" data-original-width="318" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7QEDjBccMS9rj7hRaNzcmSW6arj4eOaW3FBIykll6WOeC12K6sNQn6ql2r9FbzUKoCAdxv1umIABOE8442Z5M2s9P7OiTRn10d-KTZ3zqnenxDXsN0lgaZm_QpA6XwdhsUuJ7IcnLXaNg/s0/SEMUT.png" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Ant and the
Grasshopper</span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In
a field one summer’s day a Grasshopper was hopping about, chirping and singing
to its heart’s content. An Ant passed by, bearing along with great effort an
ear of corn he was taking to the nest.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> “Why not come and
chat with me,” said the Grasshopper, “instead of toiling and moiling away?” “I
am helping to lay up food for the winter,” said the Ant, “and recommend you to
do the same.” “Why bother about winter?” said the Grasshopper; “we have got
plenty of food at present.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> But the Ant went
on its way and continued its toil. When the winter came the Grasshopper found
itself dying of hunger, while it saw the ants distributing, every day, corn and
grain from the stores they had collected in the summer.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Then the Grasshopper knew…<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 11.25pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MORAL: WORK TODAY AND YOU CAN REAP THE BENEFITS TOMORROW!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TERJEMAHAN :<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> SEMUT SAN BELALANG</o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Disebuah ladang pada
musim panas, seekor belalang melompat-lompat. bersandar dan bernyanyi dalam hati.
Sekor semut berlalu di depan nya. Dengan kemampuan yang besar membawa sebuah
jagung ke sarang nya.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kenapa tidak datang dan
berkata saja padaku? kata seekor belalang .saya membantu meletakkan makanan
untuk musim dingin, kata ssemut. Dan menyarankan mu untuk melakukan hal yang
sama. mengapa khawatir dengan musim dingin? kata belalang. kita punya banyak
makanan sekarang.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tetapi semut berlalu
begitu saja dan melanjutkan pekerjaan nya . ketika musim dingin datang,
belalang hampir mati kelaparan dan melihat semut yang mendistribusikan jagung
dan biji-biji mereka dari toko yang telah dikumpulkan di musim panas. Kemudian
belalang pun tau.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Moral : Bersusahpayahlah sekarang dan kamu akan
menikmatinya esok.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span style="background: white; color: black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span style="background: white; color: black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>Fadhilah OKUhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10281099993610775199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582096905088977360.post-59844119615076865542021-03-19T18:44:00.002-07:002021-03-19T18:44:50.470-07:00NARRATIVE TEXT (FABLE) - MONYET PINTAR DAN BUAYA BODOH <p align="center" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilPvq5hBr6KeRhiTaLy_jAjLOMCKTnVf-EW0B9VprAXlbitUtDFaYbv3tCqqh1xj9SYyVrH2iFrNLyULDtIl0XhhVkPcfeo_6lkHjHVHBUj6woBAeolZcfLn3MD_iEFid-rDlk0-E0v3w3/s321/download.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="157" data-original-width="321" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilPvq5hBr6KeRhiTaLy_jAjLOMCKTnVf-EW0B9VprAXlbitUtDFaYbv3tCqqh1xj9SYyVrH2iFrNLyULDtIl0XhhVkPcfeo_6lkHjHVHBUj6woBAeolZcfLn3MD_iEFid-rDlk0-E0v3w3/s320/download.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br />NARRATIVE TEXT (FABLE)
WITH<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>TRANSLATION<o:p></o:p></b><p></p>
<p align="center" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">AND GENERIC STRUCTURE<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><o:p> </o:p></b></p>
<p align="center" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: black; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in;">THE SMART MONKEY AND THE DULL
CROCODILE<o:p></o:p></span></i></strong></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: black; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: black; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in;">One day there was a monkey. He
wanted to cross a river. There he saw a crocodile so he asked the crocodile to
take him across the other side of the river. The crocodile agree and told the
monkey to jump on its back. Then the crocodile swam down the river with the
monkey on his top.</span></i></strong><b><i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: black; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in;"> <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: black; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in;">Unluckily, the crocodile was
very hungry, he stopped in the middle of the river and said to the monkey, “My
father is very sick. He has to eat the heart of the monkey. So he will be
healthy again.”</span></i></strong><b><i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: black; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: black; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in;">At the time, the monkey was in
dangerous situation and he had to think hard. Then he had a good idea. He told
the crocodile to swim back to the river bank. “What’s for?” asked the
crocodile. “Because I don’t bring my heart,” said the monkey. “I left it under
a tree, near some coconuts in the river bank.”</span></i></strong><b><i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: black; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: black; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in;">The crocodile agreed and turned
around. He swam back to the bank of the river. As soon as they reached the
river bank, the monkey jumped off the crocodile’s back. Then he climbed up to
the top of a tree.</span></i></strong><b><i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: black; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in;"> <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: black; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; mso-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in;">“Where is your heart?” asked
the crocodile. “You are foolish,” said the monkey to the crocodile. “Now I am
free and I have my heart.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></strong></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">TERJEMAHAN : <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">MONYET PINTAR DAN BUAYA BODOH <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Suatu hari, ada seekor monyet. Ia
ingin menyeberangi sungai. Di sana ia melihat buaya sehingga ia meminta buaya
untuk membawanya kesisi lain dari sungai itu. Buayapun setuju dan mengatakan
kepada monyet untuk melompat di punggungnya. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kemudian buaya berenang menyusuri
sungai dengan monyet di atas punggungnya. Akan tetapi saat buaya itu merasa
sangat lapar, ia berhenti di tengah-tengah sungai dan berkata kepada monyet,
“Ayah saya sangat sakit. Dia harus makan jantung monyet supaya bisa sehat
kembali. ”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Saat itu, monyet itu ada dalam situasi
yang sangat berbahaya. Ia harus berpikir keras. Kemudian ia memiliki ide yang
bagus. Iapun mengatakan kepada buaya supaya berenang kembali ke tepi sungai.
“Apa?” Tanya buaya. “Karena aku tidak membawa jantung saya,” kata monyet. “Aku
meninggalkannya di bawah pohon, dekat pohon kelapa, di tepi sungai itu.” <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Buayapun setuju dan berbalik, berenang
kembali ke tepi sungai. Begitu sampai di tepi sungai, monyetpun melompat dari
punggung buaya. Kemudian ia naik ke atas pohon. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">“Dimana jantungmu?” Tanya buaya.
“Dasar buaya bodoh,” kata monyet. “Sekarang saya bebas dan tetap mempunyai jantung.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">GENERIC STRUCTURE :<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Orientation</span></b><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">The
participants or characters of the story are a smart monkey and dull crocodile.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">One day
there was a monkey. He wanted to cross a river. There he saw a crocodile The
time set is just one day. The story takes place in a river<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Complication</span></b><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Every
narrative text must consist of conflict or problem. A simple definition of
problem is when something goes and it is not what we want. In the story the
complication start when the crocodile want to eats the monkey.<br />
The crocodile was very hungry, he stopped in the middle of the river and said
to the monkey, “My father is very sick. He has to eat the heart of the monkey.
Of course the monkey don not want to be the crocodile’s meal and that is the
problem which sets the whole story.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Resolution</span></b><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">A problem
must be resolved. It can succeed or fail. In this story, the monkey succeeds to
solve the problem. He get free from the hungry crocodile.<br />
The crocodile agreed and turned around. He swam back to the bank of the river.
As soon as they reached the river bank, the monkey jumped off the crocodile’s
back. Then he climbed up to the top of a tree.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>Fadhilah OKUhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10281099993610775199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582096905088977360.post-51955339594108902542021-03-19T18:37:00.004-07:002021-03-26T18:24:21.585-07:00Ternyata Tumbuhan Putri Malu Mempunyai Banyak Manfaat Bagi Kesehatan<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhY60Pu-GFe0uO7_jKFovdL5U-jxAmnLvqR2J22Sjyvu1BdI9stG1X9Yv4uP8Zq_uxmSEKpFYpQNx3Ff_0ZtaDI7ldt-4dmj-4ujqpuTCXIJsLEZhR3_AynoezvizLDK-HsGMK754bqJwUA/s276/PUTRI+MALU.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhY60Pu-GFe0uO7_jKFovdL5U-jxAmnLvqR2J22Sjyvu1BdI9stG1X9Yv4uP8Zq_uxmSEKpFYpQNx3Ff_0ZtaDI7ldt-4dmj-4ujqpuTCXIJsLEZhR3_AynoezvizLDK-HsGMK754bqJwUA/s0/PUTRI+MALU.jpg" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Ternyata Tumbuhan Putri Malu<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mempunyai Banyak Manfaat Bagi Kesehatan<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Tumbuhan
liar ini memiliki manfaat dan khasiat yang luar biasa bagi kesehatan manusia.
Putri malu yang memiliki nama latin Mimosa pudica ini ternyata memiliki sifat
antibakteri, antidepresan, antivenom, afrodisiak, anti-asma. antikonvulsan, dan
anti-kesuburan.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Mengutip dari situs Wikipedia,
tanaman putri malu pada umumnya mempunyai ciri khas, yakni memiliki kemampuan
dalam melakukan gerak seismonasti (tigmonasti), yaitu jika daun tanaman putri
malu disentuh maka daun akan mengatupkan anak-anak daunnya.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Gerakan menguncup tanaman putri
malu itu disebut-sebut berfungsi untuk melindungi diri dari serangan hewan
herbivora (pemakan tumbuhan) di sekitarnya.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Selain itu, ciri lain tanaman putri
malu dikenal dari batangnya yang berwarna merah, dan jika sudah tua batangnya
akan berubah warna menjadi warna hijau.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Dilansir dari Health Benefits
Times, kata Mimosa berasal dari kata Yunani mimikos, yang berarti ‘meniru’ atau
‘palsu’, melalui kata Latin mimus dan suffix -osa, yang berarti ‘berlimpah’.
Nama Pudica spesifik berasal dari kata Latin yang berarti ‘sederhana’ atau
‘malu-malu’.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Tumbuhan sensitif punya manfaat
kesehatan yang bisa diandalkan. Cara mengolahnya bisa direndam di dalam air
kemudian diminum. Atau bisa juga dibuat jus dan dibuat pasta dengan campuran
bahan lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></strong></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">1. Menyembuhkan Luka
Penderita Diabetes</span></strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Tumbuhan putri malu bisa
digunakan untuk menyembuhkan luka pada penderita diabetes berdasarkan dari
penelitian Fakultas Kedokteran Salah satu universitas di Indonesia..<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">2. Menyembuhkan Batuk</span></strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Tanaman putri malu ini juga
bisa dikonsumsi sebagai solusi batuk khususnya batuk yang disertai dengan
dahak.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Untuk membuat ramuan
menyembuhkan batuk, anda bisa merebus 10 hingga 15 gram daun putri malu dengan
air secukupnya sampai mendidih dan setelah dingin bisa diminum.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Selain menyembuhkan batuk,
tanaman ini juga ampuh digunakan untuk menyembuhkan masalah pernafasan lainnya
seperti pilek serta penyakit pernapasan atas lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">3. Mengobati Luka</span></strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Dari sebuah penelitian juga
membuktikan jika akar dari tanaman putri malu sangat baik digunakan untuk
membantu mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka lebih cepat. Hal ini dikarenakan
dalam akar putri malu mengandung fenol yang berfungsi untuk membunuh bakteri
penyebab infeksi pada kulit.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">4. Mengobati Hepatitis</span></strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Manfaat berikutnya dari tanaman
putri malu adalah bisa digunakan untuk mencegah dan mengobati hepatitis.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Mengkonsumsi air rebusan putri
malu ini bisa meredakan penyakit hepatitis sekaligus meminimalisir gejala
peradangan pada organ hati yang terjadi karena serangan virus hepatitis
tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">5. Menjaga Kesehatan
Hati</span></strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Dari sebuah penelitian juga
dibuktikan jika keracunan juga bisa diatasi dengan memanfaatkan tanaman putri
malu sebab kandungan ekstrak putri malu ini bisa membantu mengeluarkan racun
dalam tubuh sehingga organ hati bisa terlindungi dari racun berbahaya.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">6. Mengatasi Insomnia</span></strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Untuk anda yang mengalami
gangguan susah tidur atau lebih dikenal dengan istilah insomnia tentunya akan
berdampak buruk bagi kesehatan.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Kandungan dalam putri malu juga
dikatakan bisa mengatasi masalah tidur tersebut dengan cara merebus 50 gram
putri malu secukupnya dan diminum malam hari sebelum pergi tidur.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">7. Menghentikan
Pendarahan dan Infeksi</span></strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Ekstrak bubuk tanaman putri
malu juga berguna untuk kesehatan kulit karena kandungan senyawa tanin dan juga
sumber antioksidan yang sangat penting untuk menghentikan pendarahan dan juga
menurunkan risiko infeksi serta membantu dalam proses pembentukan jaringan
kulit yang lebih sehat.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">8. Mengatasi Demam</span></strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Untuk anda yang menderita demam
dan sakit kepala juga bisa memanfaatkan daun putri malu sebab memiliki khasiat
untuk menurunkan demam dan mengurangi gejala yang ditimbulkan seperti sakit
kepala, menggigil dan juga keringat dingin.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Kandungan dalam putri malu ini
ampuh untuk mengontrol suhu tubuh agar bisa selalu normal sehingga demam dan
panas bisa diturunkan dan terjadi kembali.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">9. Mengencerkan Dahak</span></strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Bagian daun tanaman putri malu
ini juga ampuh digunakan untuk mengencerkan dahak di tenggorokan. Dengan
mengkonsumsi air rebusan daun ini, maka dahak akan lebih encer sehingga
nantinya akan lebih mudah untuk dikeluarkan.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">10. Melancarkan Saluran
Kemih</span></strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Air rebusan tanaman putri malu
juga bisa anda manfaatkan sebagai pelancar saluran kemih sebab kandungan dalam
daun ini memiliki sifat anti bakteri sehingga tubuh bisa terhindar dari
serangan bakteri serta kuman.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">11. Menangkal Bisa Ular</span></strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Tidak hanya mengandung sifat
anti bakteri, anti inflamasi serta manfaat antioksidan, namun tanaman ini juga
memiliki sifat anti bisa sehingga bisa dimanfaatkan untuk menangkal racun dari
ular berbisa seperti kobra.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Akar dari tanaman putri malu
yang sudah dikeringkan dan direbus membuktikan jika ekstrak tersebut terbilang
efektif untuk menghambat racun dari bisa ular tersebut namun sebaiknya tetap
dilakukan oleh pakar agar dosis yang digunakan bisa tepat.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">12. Pencegahan Disentri</span></strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Dari sebuah penelitian di salah
satu Universitas di Indonesia juga dibuktikan jika ekstrak tanaman putri malu
memiliki kandungan anti bakteri yang bagus untuk menangkal pertumbuhan dan
perkembangan bakteri yakni bakteri shigella dysentriae yakni bakteri penyebab
disentri.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">13. Menyembuhkan Rematik</span></strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Tidak hanya ada banyak manfaat
daun sukun untuk asam urat dan rematik, namun putri malu juga bisa digunakan
untuk mengatasi masalah pada sendi tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Rematik adalah salah satu
masalah peradangan yang terjadi di area persendian karena autoimun dalam tubuh
yang rendah.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Dari hasil penelitian terbukti
jika tanaman putri malu ampuh digunakan untuk mengurangi rasa sakit dan nyeri
yang terjadi pada penderita rematik.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Caranya adalah dengan merendam
tanaman putri malu pada arak putih selama 2 minggu lalu gunakan tanaman putri
malu yang sudah direndam tersebut untuk kompres bagian tubuh yang sakit.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">14. Menjaga Kesehatan
Gigi dan Gusi</span></strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Sejak jaman dulu, cabang dari
tanaman ini sudah digunakan untuk membersihkan gigi sekaligus menghilangkan bau
tidak sedap, mengurangi plak, mengatasi dingivitis, memutihkan gigi dan juga
periodontitis.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Selain itu, dalam tanaman ini
juga bisa menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri periodontitis seperti Actinobacillus
actinomycetemcomitans, Capnocytophaga spp dan juga Treponema denticola.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">15. Meningkatkan Stamina
Untuk Pria</span></strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="background: white; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="color: #263238; font-size: 14pt;">Tanaman putri malu bahkan
berguna untuk meningkatkan stamina pria saat berhubungan seksual. Untuk
mengonsumsi tanaman ini, anda bisa merebus 15 lembar daun putri malu bersama 3
gelas air hingga tersisa 1 gelas saja kemudian saring dan minum hingga habis
yang khasiatnya akan terasa 30 menit sesudah minum air rebusan daun ini.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>Fadhilah OKUhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10281099993610775199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582096905088977360.post-64108454295550108822021-03-19T18:26:00.004-07:002021-03-26T18:23:34.985-07:00Fakta-Fakta Menarik Tanaman Janda Bolong<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyWVs1UiYAJKbpzaO2j6hZEoZt3Yme5Tpzm_EJJdCJRCOnSyScCgGXPg29W5hJCPM1wierzJvueCo4sV9zfRUuSHVKYUSqgKWNAJyNzKRbJLaE3uoOpMpzj1QusidSINYWHZmffRshZS_b/s496/WhatsApp+Image+2021-03-20+at+08.19.06.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="324" data-original-width="496" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyWVs1UiYAJKbpzaO2j6hZEoZt3Yme5Tpzm_EJJdCJRCOnSyScCgGXPg29W5hJCPM1wierzJvueCo4sV9zfRUuSHVKYUSqgKWNAJyNzKRbJLaE3uoOpMpzj1QusidSINYWHZmffRshZS_b/s320/WhatsApp+Image+2021-03-20+at+08.19.06.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p><br /></p><p><b> Fakta-Fakta Menarik Tanaman Janda Bolong</b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 4.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 4.6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Fakta 1<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 4.6pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 9.15pt; margin: 9.15pt 0in 4.6pt; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "inherit","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><b>Asal Mula Nama Tanaman Janda Bolong</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 4.6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Meski terdengar mudah ditebak, asal mula nama tanaman Janda Bolong sebenarnya unik dan berawal di kalangan masyarakat Jawa. Dalam bahasa jawa, tanaman ini disebut <i>ron phodo</i> bolong yang artinya daun pada bolong. Ketika diucapkan secara singkat atau cepat, nama ini terdengar seperti <i>ron dho</i> bolong, sementara kata <i>rondo</i> dalam bahasa Jawa berarti janda.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 4.6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 4.6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Karena unik dan mudah diingat, kini nama tanaman Janda Bolong sudah menjadi <i>trademark</i> di Indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 4.6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 4.6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Fakta 2<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 4.6pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 9.15pt; margin: 9.15pt 0in 4.6pt; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "inherit","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><b>Harga Yang Melonjak Drastis </b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 4.6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Semakin viral dan laris tanaman ini, semakin besar pula biaya yang harus dikeluarkan untuk mendapatkannya. Dengan nilai jual yang meroket, sekarang harga Janda Bolong bahkan sudah setara dengan harga kendaraan bermotor. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 4.6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kini, nilai jual tanaman Janda Bolong dapat mencapai ratusan juta. Harga dari sehelai daunnya saja bisa mencapai Rp15 juta. Jika tanaman ini sudah masuk ke kategori ukuran yang besar, harga jualnya bisa dihitung perhelai daun. Sementara itu, harga bibitnya saja yang termurah adalah Rp2 - 3 juta. Setelah beberapa waktu, bibit yang berhasil tumbuh dengan baik dapat dijual dengan harga mencapai Rp5 juta. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 4.6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sekarang, terdapat jenis Janda Bolong baru yang harganya jauh di atas jenis lain. Jenis baru ini adalah tanaman Janda Bolong yang telah mengalami mutasi genetik secara alami. Mutasi genetik ini mengakitbatkan daun Janda Bolong untuk memiliki warna yang majemuk termasuk hijau, putih, dan kadang juga kuning.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 4.6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sebelum terjadi mutasi tersebut, warna majemuk hanya terdapat pada jenis Monstera selain Janda Bolong. Jenis baru ini masih sangat langka dan banyak diincar penyuka tanaman hias. Harga satu pot jenis Janda Bolong ini dengan tiga daun saja dapat mencapai Rp90 juta, sementara tanaman yang masih muda dan kecil dihargai setengahnya yaitu sekitar Rp45 juta.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 4.6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 5.95pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 5.95pt; margin: 5.95pt 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Fakta 3<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 4.6pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 9.15pt; margin: 9.15pt 0in 4.6pt; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "inherit","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><b>Awal Tersebarnya Tanaman Janda Bolong di Indonesia </b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 4.6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tanaman ini merupakan jenis yang aslinya berasal deri Amerika Tengah. Sebenarnya, tanaman Janda Bolong dulu sangat langka ditemukan di Indonesia karena memang lebih banyak tersebar di benua Amerika. Namun, di antara lebih dari 48 spesies Monstera, jenis Janda Bolong termasuk yang paling cepat menyebar di Indonesia.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 4.6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tanaman ini menjadi sangat tenar di Indonesia semenjak seorang petani di daerah Bogor berhasil menjualnya kepada orang Jepang dengan harga Rp120 juta. Dari situlah banyak orang Indonesia yang terinspirasi membudidayakan Janda Bolong dan jenis tanaman Monstera lain. Walaupun memang butuh beberapa waktu bagi tanaman ini untuk menyebar di Indonesia karena teknik budidayanya yang sulit. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 4.6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Walaupun memiliki teknik budidaya yang sulit, proses perawatan tanaman Janda Bolong tergolong mudah. Justru itulah salah satu alasan begitu banyak orang menyukainya. Di samping perawatannya yang mudah, Janda Bolong juga tangguh terhadap berbagai macam hama dan penyakit asalkan tanaman disimpan dan dirawat dengan baik.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 4.6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Bagaiamana apakah anda tertarik untuk budidaya Tanaman janda Bolong</span></p>Fadhilah OKUhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10281099993610775199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582096905088977360.post-91015047297950982462021-02-26T00:29:00.007-08:002021-03-19T18:11:56.362-07:00Logo Universitas Mahakarya Asia Baturaja <p> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong></strong></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><strong><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6M8u6tlHd1K07YIQO-PmJdW2j6ErGFFx3o1W_Agoe76Hwakc39CSRPf0V-ifrRX-ZxThXxq97kFqEwwBmmBCa-gyFbDlbSvvWYYwMbzbxl-t3-D8ETnzph_KLaLKVedztlISACxmHf04d/s462/UNIVERSITAS+MAHAKARYA+ASIA+BATURAJA.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="462" data-original-width="376" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6M8u6tlHd1K07YIQO-PmJdW2j6ErGFFx3o1W_Agoe76Hwakc39CSRPf0V-ifrRX-ZxThXxq97kFqEwwBmmBCa-gyFbDlbSvvWYYwMbzbxl-t3-D8ETnzph_KLaLKVedztlISACxmHf04d/s320/UNIVERSITAS+MAHAKARYA+ASIA+BATURAJA.png" /></a></strong></div><strong><br /><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="background: white; color: #333333; font-size: 17.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></strong><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="background: white; color: #333333; line-height: 115%;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Kampus Universitas Mahakarya Baturaja:<br /></span></span></span></span></span></strong></span></span><span style="font-family: times;"><strong><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="background: white; color: #333333; line-height: 115%;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Baturaja </span></span></span></span></span></strong></span><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="background: white; color: #333333; line-height: 115%;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"> berlokasi di Kampus “Pink” yang terletak di Jl. </span></span></span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">Jend. </span></span></span><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;">A. Yani No.0267 A, Tanjung Baru, Baturaja, Sumatera Selatan.<br /> </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="background: white; color: #333333; line-height: 115%;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span face="Roboto, sans-serif"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="font-family: times; vertical-align: inherit;">Terdiri atas dua jurusan / bagian dan atau program studi yaitu Teknik Informatika dan Manajemen Informatika dengan jenjang pendidikan Diploma III.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="background: white; color: #333333; line-height: 115%;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><br /></span></span></span></span><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="background: white; color: #333333; line-height: 115%;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span face="Roboto, sans-serif"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"><span style="vertical-align: inherit;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></h2>
Fadhilah OKUhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10281099993610775199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582096905088977360.post-68811143661479902932020-01-06T06:07:00.000-08:002020-01-06T06:07:40.732-08:00MAKALAH TANTANGAN DALAM MENJAGA KEUTUHAN NKRI<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">GYSERATA ARYSTA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">MARIA HARISTA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">KELAS : X Perawat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">GURU PEMBIMBING : KOMARIAH, SST<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">SMK KESEHATAN BINA MARTA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
<div class="WordSection2">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">KATA PENGANTAR</span></b></div>
<a name='more'></a><b><o:p></o:p></b><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Puji syukur kami ucapkan kehadirat Allah SWT. atas
berkat rahmat dan hidayah-Nya, sehingga saya dapat menyelesaikan makalah ini
dengan baik.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Di dalam makalah ini, saya telah berusaha menguraikan
sebaik mungkin semua hal yang berkaitan dengan upaya mempertahankan NKRI. <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Akan tetapi, saya menyadari bahwa di dalam makalah
ini, masih terdapat banyak kekurangan yang tentunya mengakibatkan makalah ini
masih dikatakan jauh dari sempurna. Maka dari itu, saya harapkan kepada pembaca
untuk dapat memakluminya, karena tida ada manusia yang tidak luput dari
kesalahan.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: right; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Baturaja, Januari 2019<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Penyusun<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">DAFTAR
ISI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">HALAMAN
JUDUL</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">..................................................................................... </span>i<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">KATA
PENGANTAR</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................................. </span>ii<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">DAFTAR
ISI</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................................................ </span>iii<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Bab I : Pendahuluan<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">A.
Latar Belakang<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................................... </span>1<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">B.
Rumusan Masalah<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................... </span>2<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">C.
Tujuan Masalah<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................................... </span>2<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">BAB II: Pembahasan<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">A.
Pengertian tantangan<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.......................................................................... </span>3<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">B.
Tantangan yang sering muncul<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................ </span>3<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: right dotted 369.0pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">C.
Tantangan Eksternal<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................ </span>4<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">D.
Tantangan Internal<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.............................................................................. </span>5<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: right dotted 369.0pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">E.
Mencegah dan mengatasi tantangan yang akan meruntuhkan NKRI<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">. </span>6<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: right dotted 369.0pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">BAB III: Penutup<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">A.
Kesimpulan<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">......................................................................................... </span>8<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: right dotted 369.0pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">B.
Saran<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................................................... </span>8<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">DAFTAR
PUSTAKA</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................................. </span>.9
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/2/null" name="_Toc358665673"></a><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">BAB I</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">PENDAHULUAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/2/null" name="_Toc358665675"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc358665675;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">A.</span></b></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc358665675;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc358665675;"></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Latar Belakang</span></b></a><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Negara Kesatuan </span><a href="http://rachmadrevanz.com/2011/sikap-dan-perilaku-menjaga-kesatuan-negara-ri.html" title="See also Sikap dan Perilaku Menjaga Kesatuan Negara RI"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Republik
Indonesia</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"> (disingkat NKRI), juga
dikenal dengan nama Nusantara yang artinya negara kepulauan. Wilayah NKRI
meliputi wilayah kepulauan yang terbentang dari Sabang sampai </span><a href="http://rachmadrevanz.com/2011/pentingnya-persatuan-dan-kesatuan-bangsa-indonesia.html" title="See also Pentingnya Persatuan dan Kesatuan Bangsa Indonesia"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Merauke</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Letak
wilayah NKRI berada di antara:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">dua benua, yaitu
benua Asia dan benua Australia; serta<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">dua samudra. yaitu
samudra Hindia dan samudra Pasifik.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Indonesia terletak di
benua Asia tepatnya di Asia Tenggara. Wilayah Indonesia berada di:<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">6° lintang utara (LU)
– 11° lintang selatan (LS), dan<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"> 95° bujur timur
(BT) – 141° bujur timur (BT).<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Karena
letak wilayah Indonesia di sekitar khatulistiwa, maka Indonesia memiliki iklim
tropis dan rnerniliki dua musim, yaitu musim hujan dan musim kemarau.
Pulau-pulau yang termasuk dalam wilayah NKRI berjumlah 17.504 terdiri dari
pulau besar dan kecil. Beberapa di antaranya, yaitu 6000 pulau tidak
bepenghuni.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Wilayah
Indonesia terbentang sepanjang 3.977 km2 di antara Samudra Hindia dan Samudra
Pasifik. Luas daratan Indonesia 1.922.570 km2 dan luas perairannya 3.257.483
km2. Dengan jumlah penduduk terpadat adalah pulau Jawa.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Setengah
dari jumlah penduduk Indonesia menempati pulau Jawa.<br />
Pulau-pulau besar, yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">• Jawa
dengan luas 132.107 km2, ,<br />
• Sumatera dengan luas 473.606 km2,<br />
• Kalimantan dengan luas 539.460 km2,<br />
• Sulawesi dengan luas 189.216 km2, dan<br />
• Papua dengan luas 421.981 km2.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc358665677;"></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc358665677;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">B.</span></b></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc358665677;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc358665677;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc358665677;"></span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Rumusan Masalah</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pengertian tantangan<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tantangan yang sering
muncul<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tantangan Eksternal<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tantangan Internal<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 1; tab-stops: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Mencegah dan
mengatasi tantangan yang akan meruntuhkan NKRI<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">C.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Tujuan Masalah</span></b></a><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Untuk mengetahui pengertian tantangan<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Untuk mengetahui tantangan yang sering muncul<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Untuk mengetahi apa itu tantangan Eksternal<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-outline-level: 1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Untuk mengetahui apa itu tantangan Internal<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Untuk mengetahui cara mencegah dan mengatasi tantangan
yang akan meruntuhkan NKRI<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/2/null" name="_Toc358665678"></a><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">BAB II</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">PEMBAHASAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">A.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"> <b>Pengertian tantangan<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tantangan adalah
segala hal atau pun kegatan yang memiliki tujuan atau sifat yang menggugah
kemampuan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">B.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"> <b>Tantangan yang sering muncul<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tantangan
di lingkungan internal Indonesia adalah mengawal NKRI agar tetap utuh dan
bersatu. Di sisi lain, ancaman terhadap kedaulatan masih berpotensi terutama
yang berbentuk konflik perbatasan, pelanggaran wilayah, gangguan keamanan
maritim dan dirgantara, gangguan keamanan di wilayah perbatasan berupa pelintas
batas secara illegal, kegiatan penyelundupan senjata dan bahan peledak, masalah
separatisme, pengawasan pulau-pulau kecil terluar, ancaman terorisme dalam
negeri dan sebagainya.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Berdasarkan
tantangan di atas, maka visi terwujudnya pertahanan negara yang tangguh dengan
misi menjaga kedaulatan dan keutuhan wilayah NKRI serta keselamatan bangsa
harus terwujud<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Berbagai
tantangan terhadap keutuhan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia antara lain:<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tantangan
yang berasal dari internal Negara Indonesia;<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">1) Keanekaragaman
budaya Indonesia dan etnis yang ada di Indonesia<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">2) Berbagai
aliran kepercayaan dan agama yang ada di Negara ini<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">3) Indonesia
yang terdiri dari ribuan pulau yang dipisahkan oleh selat dan laut.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">4) Moral
dan kepribadian sebagian masyarakat yang tidak pantas, atau buruk, yang mungkin
ingin memecah belah bangsa sendiri akibat keserakahan dan keegoisan.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">5) Pendidikan
yang rendah, yang menyebabkan penduduk kurang bijaksana dalam menyikapi
perbedaan<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tantangan
yang berasal dari eksternal Negara Indonesia:<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">1)
Globalisasi yang membawa budaya luar masuk ke Indonesia yang tidak sesuai
dengan kepribadian bangsa.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">2)
Keinginan Negara luar untuk menguasai Indonesia yang dilatarbelakangi berbagai
kepentingan<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">3)
Aksi terror melalui perekrutan yang berasal dari penganut kepercayaan radikal.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">4) Propaganda
asing melalui berbagai media<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">5) Jaringan
pedagang narkoba internasional<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">C.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"> <b>Tantangan Bangsa Indonesia Secara Eksternal<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tantangan
eksternal adalah segala bentuk gangguan yang berasal dari luar negeri yang
dapat menggoyahkan kesatuan dan persatuan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (
NKRI). Faktor tantangan eksternal merupakan faktor yang timbul dari luar negara
Indonesia, jika masyarakat Indonesia sendiri tidak menyadarinya, rakyat akan
dengan mudah tercerai berai. Berikut adalah macam-macam tantangan eksternal:<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">1.Tantangan masa
depan<br />
-Globalisasi: WTO,ASEAN Comunity,APEC,CAFTA<br />
-masalah lingkungan hidup<br />
-kemajuan teknologi informasi<br />
-konvergensi ilmu dan teknologi<br />
-ekonomi bebasis pengetahuan<br />
-Dll<br />
<br />
2. Kompetensi Masa Depan<br />
-kemampuan berkomunikasi<br />
-kemampuan berpikir jernih dan kritis<br />
-kemampuan mempertimbangkan segi moral suatu permasalahan<br />
-kemampuan menjadiwarga negara yang bertanggung jawab<br />
-Dll<br />
3.Persepsi masyarakat<br />
-terlalu menitikberatkan pada aspek kognitif<br />
-beban siswa terlalu berat<br />
-kurang bermuatan karakter<br />
<br />
4.Perkembangan pengetahuan dan pedagogi<br />
-neurologi<br />
-psikologi<br />
-observation based<br />
<br />
5.Fenomena negatif yang mengemuka<br />
-perkelahian remaja<br />
-Narkoba<br />
-korupsi<br />
-plagiarisme<br />
kecurangan dalam ujian (nyontek)<br />
-gejolak sosial<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">D.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"> <b>Tantangan Bangsa Indonesia Secara Internal <o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tantangan
secara internal adalah segala bentuk gangguan yang berasal dari dalam negeri
yang dapat menggoyahkan kesatuan dan persatuan NKRI. Gangguan-gangguan itu
dapat menghambat pembangunan nasional untuk menghadapi tantangan yang tidak
ringan. Perubahan pada aspek kultur dan tata nilai, diarahkan pada sikap dan
perilaku penyelenggara pertahanan negara dalam memposisikan tugasnya sebagai
insan pertahanan negara yang profesional. Berikut ini adalah macam-macam
tantangan internal: <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Potensi
kekayaan budaya dan ketidakadilan ekonomi</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Gerakan
separatisme muncul akibat adanya aspirasi yang tersumbat atau tidak sampai ke
pemerintahan pusat, juga tidak adanya keadilan ekonomi dan pembangunan yang
merata di beberapa daerah. <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Perpecahan
dan disintegrasi</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Apabila
mengubah NKRI, maka sudah dapat dipastikan akan banyak daerah di Indonesia yang
akan memisahkan diri dan mendirikan negara sendiri, tidak semua daerah yang
berbeda kultur dan budaya akan bisa menerima konsep baru. <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pertikaian
horizontal</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Mengubah
NKRI Sama halnya dengan merombak total bangunan Negara Republik Indonesia.
Dengan demikian, jika kita tidak berlaku sebagaimana mestinya sebagai bangsa
indonesia, Jika kita salah mengurus negara ini, tidak mustahil kita sendiri
yang akan menghancurkan negara tercinta.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">E.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"> <b>Mencegah dan mengatasi tantangan yang akan
meruntuhkan NKRI<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Menciptakan ketahanan
nasional, artinya setiap warga negara menjaga keutuhan, kedaulatan Negara dan
mempererat persatuan bangsa.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Menghormati perbedaan
suku, budaya, agama dan warna kulit. Perbedaan yang ada akan menjadi indah jika
terjadi kerukunan, bahkan menjadi sebuah kebanggaan karena merupakan salah satu
kekayaan bangsa.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Mempertahankan
kesamaan dan kebersamaan, yaitu kesamaan memiliki bangsa, bahasa persatuan, dan
tanah air Indonesia, serta memiliki pancasila, Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, dan
Sang saka merah putih. Kebersamaan dapat diwujudkan dalam bentuk mengamalkan
nilai-nilai pancasila dan UUD 1945.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Memiliki semangat
persatuan yang berwawasan nusantara, yaitu semangat mewujudkan persatuan dan
kesatuan di segenap aspek kehidupan sosial, baik alamiah maupun aspek sosial
yang menyangkut kehidupan bermasyarakat. Wawasan nusantara meliputi kepentingan
yang sama, tujuan yang sama, keadilan, solidaritas, kerja sama, kesetiakawanan
terhadap ikrar bersama. Memiliki wawasan nusantara berarti memiliki
ketentuan-ketentuan dasar yang harus dipatuhi, ditaati dan dipelihara oleh
semua komponen masyarakat. Ketentuan-ketentuan itu antara lain pancasila
sebagai landasan idiil, dan UUD 1945 sebagai landasan konstitusional. Ketentuan
lainnya dapat berupa peraturan-peraturan yang berlaku di daerah yang mengatur
kehidupan bermasyarakat.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo1; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Mentaati peraturan
agar kehidupan berbangsa dang bernegara berjalan dengan tertib dan aman. Jika
peraturan saling dilanggar, akan terjadi kekacauan yang dapat menimbulkan
perpecahan.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/2/null" name="_Toc358665684"></a><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">BAB III<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/2/null" name="_Toc358665685"></a><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">PENUTUP</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/2/null" name="_Toc358665686"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc358665686;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">A.</span></b></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc358665686;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc358665686;"></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/null"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Kesimpulan</span></b></a><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">NKRI
adalah negara kesatuan berbentuk republik dengan sistem desentralisasi
berdasarkan otonomi daerah seluas-luasnya di luar urusan pusat .<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Negara
ada untuk membantu manusia mewujudkan tujuan dan cita-citanya. Penyelenggaraan
negara harus membawa manfaat bagi manusia. Tugas manusia adalah
bertanggungjawab rasa kepentingan bersama warganya. Negara harus melindungi
hak-hak warganya dan menetapkan kewajiban-kewajibannya sebagai warga negara.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jadi,
upaya untuk mempertahankan NKRI bias ditempuh dengan cara mengetahui kebudayaan
di Indonesia. Dengan adanya pengetahuan budaya Indonesia, kita dapat menyaring
budaya-budaya asing yang masuk ke dalam Negara Indonesia, sehingga tidak timbul
perpecahan antar daerah karena budaya yang ada.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Selain
itu, sikap dan perilaku kita juga dapat mencerminkan bahwa kita sedang
mempertahankan keutuhan NKRI ini. Salah satunya dengan cara mengamalkan
nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam pancasila, bukan hanya sekedar memahami saja.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> B.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> <b>Saran</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sebagai warga negara Indonesia, kita harus
senantiasa menjaga keutuhan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Memang banyak
sekali tantangan yang ingin membelah NKRI, tetapi kita harus memiliki komitmen
yang kuat dalam melawan semua tantangan itu. Jangan mau untuk dipecah-belah
oleh golongan manapun.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/2/null" name="_Toc358665687"></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.habibullahurl.com/2015/05/pengertian-ancaman-tantangan-hambatan-gangguan.html</span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://brainly.co.id/tugas/9403046"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">https://brainly.co.id/tugas/9403046</span></a><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://nachabu.ilmci.com/6309/08/tantangan-dalam-menjaga-keutuhan-nkri.aspx</span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://afrianties.blogspot.co.id/2011/10/pkn-upaya-mempertahankan-nkri.html</span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://ahmad-lazuardi.blogspot.co.id/2013/06/makalah-tentang-nkri.html</span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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Fadhilah OKUhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10281099993610775199noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582096905088977360.post-63640521082159321492020-01-06T05:53:00.002-08:002020-01-06T05:53:13.136-08:00MAKALAH OBAT BATUK<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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KATA PENGANTAR <br /><br />Puji syukur alhamdulillah saya panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT. Yang mana dengan rahmat dan hidayah-nya saya mampu menyelesaikan makalah ini dengan tepat waktu. <br /><br />Makalah ini berjudul “Obat Batuk“. Uraian materi yang disajikan didapatkan dari buku dan internet. Materi disajikan dalam bahasa yang tepat, lugas, dan jelas sehingga mudah dipahami pembaca. <a name='more'></a><br /><br />Makalah ini dibuat dalam rangka memenuhi salah satu syarat penilaian mata kuliah Farmakologi yang meliputi nilai tugas individu. <br /><br />Saya sebagai penyusun menyadari bahwa makalah ini masih jauh dari sempurna, oleh karena itu demi kesempurnaan makalah ini kritik dan saran dari semua pihak yang bersifat membangun selalu saya harapkan. <br /><br />Kepada para pembaca saya ucapakan selamat belajar dan manfaatkanlah makalah ini dengan sebaik-baiknya. <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />Penyusun <br /><br /> <br /><br /> <br /><br />DAFTAR ISI <br /><br /> <br /><br />KATA PENGANTAR.............................................................................................. i <br /><br />DAFTAR ISI............................................................................................................. ii <br /><br />BAB I PENDAHULUAN <br /><br />1.1 Latar Belakang....................................................................................................1 <br /><br />1.2 Rumusan Masalah...............................................................................................1 <br /><br />1.3 Batasan Masalah..................................................................................................1 <br /><br />1.4 Tujuan Penulisan.................................................................................................2 <br /><br />BAB II TINJAU PUSTAKA <br /><br />2.1 Obat......................................................................................................................3 <br /><br />2.2 Batuk....................................................................................................................3 <br /><br />BAB III PEMBAHASAN <br /><br />3.1 Pengertian Batuk................................................................................................. 4 <br /><br />3.2 Gejala dan Penyebab Batuk............................................................................... 5 <br /><br />3.3 Mekanisme Batuk................................................................................................ 5 <br /><br />3.4 Jenis-Jenis Batuk................................................................................................. 6 <br /><br />3.5 Undang-Undang.................................................................................................. 7 <br /><br />3.6 Penggolongan Obat Batuk.................................................................................. 8 <br /><br />3.7 Contoh-Contoh Obat Batuk............................................................................... 9 <br /><br />3.8 Beberapa Contoh Obat Yang Beredar Dipasaran.......................................... 13 <br /><br />3.9 Tips Menggunakan Obat Batuk Yang Efektif................................................ 14 <br /><br />BAB IV PENUTUP <br /><br />4.1 Kesimpulan......................................................................................................... 15 <br /><br />4.2 Saran.................................................................................................................... 15 <br /><br />DAFTAR PUSTAKA.............................................................................................. 16 <br /><br /> <br /><br />BAB I <br /><br />PENDAHULUAN <br /><br />1.1 Latar Belakang <br /><br />Kesehatan adalah keadaan sejahtera dari badan, jiwa dan sosial yang memungkinkan setiap orang hidup produktif secara sosial dan ekonomis (Undang – Undang No. 23 tahun 1992). Pembangunan kesehatan sebagai salah satu upaya pembangunan nasional diarahkan guna tercapainya kesadaran, kemauan dan kemampuan untuk hidup sehat bagi setiap penduduk agar terwujud derajat kesehatan masyarakat yang optimal. Upaya masyarakat untuk mengobati dirinya sendiri dikenal dengan istilah swamedikasi. Swamedikasi biasanya dilakukan untuk mengatasi keluhankeluhan dan penyakit ringan yang banyak dialami masyarakat, seperti batuk. <br /><br />Batuk menjadi tidak fisiologis bila dirasakan sebagai gangguan. Batuk semacam itu sering kali merupakan tanda suatu penyakit di dalam atau diluar paru dan kadang-kadang merupakan gejala dini suatu penyakit. Batuk mungkin sangat berarti pada penularan penyakit melalui udara ( air borne infection ). Batuk merupakan salah satu gejala penyakit saluran nafas disamping sesak, mengi, dan sakit dada. <br /><br />Tetapi, batuk juga bisa sebagai penyebab penyakit ataupun memang penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pemahaman dan pengetahuan yang benar mengenai penggunaan jenis obat batuk terhadap jenis batuk yang diderita. Karena, diketahui bahwa obat batuk tidak bisa disamaratakan untuk semua jenis batuk. <br /><br /> <br /><br />1.2 Rumusan Masalah <br /><br />Penulisan makalah ini lebih menekankan kepada upaya pengetahuan dalam pengajaran farmakologi bagi pembaca khususnya kita sebagai mahasiswa, berdasarkan analisis permasalahan yang telah di pelajari. Oleh karena itu, dapat dirumuskan permasalahan makalah sebagai berikut : <br /><br />1. Apa yang dimaksud dengan batuk ? <br /><br />2. Apa saja jenis-jenis batuk ? <br /><br />3. Bagaimana penggolongan obat batuk ? <br /><br />4. Apa saja contoh dari obat batuk yang beredar dipasaran serta indikasi, kontra indikasi, dosis dan efek samping yang dimiliki obat tersebut ? <br /><br /> <br /><br />1.3 Batasan Masalah <br /><br />Untuk mempersempit ruang lingkup, maka terdapat batasan masalah yang perlu didefinisikan dalam penulisan makalah ini. Penulisan difokuskan pada materi tentang “Obat Batuk“. <br /><br /><br />1.4 Tujuan Penulisan <br /><br />Adapun tujuan yang ingin dicapai pada pembuatan makalah ini adalah : <br /><br />1. Untuk mengetahui apa itu batuk. <br /><br />2. Untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis batuk. <br /><br />3. Untuk mengetahui penggolongan obat batuk. <br /><br />4. Untuk mengetahui apa saja contoh dari obat batuk yang beredar dipasaran serta indikasi, kontra indikasi, dosis dan efek samping yang dimiliki obat tersebut. <br /><br />5. Untuk memenuhi tugas mata kuliah farmakologi. <br /><br /><br /><br />BAB II <br /><br />TINJAU PUSTAKA <br /><br />2.1 Obat <br /><br />Obat adalah bahan untuk mengurangi, menghilangkan penyakit, atau menyembuhkan seseorang dari penyakit (Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia). <br /><br />Obat adalah bahan atau panduan bahan-bahan yang siap digunakan untuk mempengaruhi atau menyelidiki sistem fisiologi atau keadaan patologi dalam rangka penetapan diagnosis, pencegahan, penyembuhan, pemulihan, peningkatan kesehatan dan kontrasepsi (Undang-Undang Kesehatan No. 23 tahun 1992). <br /><br /> <br /><br />2.2 Batuk <br /><br /> Menurut Weinberger (2005) batuk merupakan ekspirasi eksplosif yang menyediakan mekanisme protektif normal untuk membersihkan cabang trakeobronkial dari sekret dan zat-zat asing. Masyarakat lebih cenderung untuk mencari pengobatan apabila batuknya berkepanjangan sehingga mengganggu aktivitas seharian atau mencurigai kanker. <br /><br /><br />BAB III <br /><br />PEMBAHASAN <br /><br /> <br /><br />3.1 Pengertian Batuk <br /><br /> Menurut Weinberger (2005) batuk merupakan ekspirasi eksplosif yang menyediakan mekanisme protektif normal untuk membersihkan cabang trakeobronkial dari sekret dan zat-zat asing. Masyarakat lebih cenderung untuk mencari pengobatan apabila batuknya berkepanjangan sehingga mengganggu aktivitas seharian atau mencurigai kanker. <br /><br />Menurut McGowan (2006) batuk bisa terjadi secara volunter tetapi selalunya terjadi akibat respons involunter akibat dari iritasi terhadap infeksi seperti infeksi saluran pernafasan atas maupun bawah, asap rokok, abu dan bulu hewan terutama kucing. Antara lain penyebab akibat penyakit respiratori adalah seperti asma, postnasal drip, penyakit pulmonal obstruktif kronis, bronkiektasis, trakeitis, croup, dan fibrosis interstisial. Batuk juga bisa terjadi akibat dari refluks gastro-esofagus atau terapi inhibitor ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme). Selain itu, paralisis pita suara juga bisa mengakibatkan batuk akibat daripada kompresi nervus laryngeus misalnya akibat tumor. <br /><br />Batuk bukanlah merupakan penyakit, mekanisme batuk timbul oleh karena paru-paru mendapatkan agen pembawa penyakit masuk ke dalamnya sehingga menimbulkan batuk untuk mengeluarkan agen tersebut. Batuk dapat juga menimbulkan berbagai macam komplikasi seperti pneumotoraks, pneumomediastinum, sakit kepala, pingsan, herniasi diskus, hernia inguinalis, patah tulang iga, perdarahan subkonjungtiva, dan inkontinensia urin.Batuk merupakan refleks fisiologis kompleks yang melindungi paru dari trauma mekanik, kimia dan suhu. Batuk juga merupakan mekanisme pertahanan paru yang alamiah untuk menjaga agar jalan nafas tetap bersih dan terbuka dengan jalan : <br /><br />1. Mencegah masuknya benda asing ke saluran nafas. <br /><br />2. Mengeluarkan benda asing atau sekret yang abnormal dari dalam saluran nafas. <br /><br />Batuk menjadi tidak fisiologis bila dirasakan sebagai gangguan. Batuk semacam itu sering kali merupakan tanda suatu penyakit di dalam atau diluar paru dan kadang-kadang merupakan gejala dini suatu penyakit. Batuk mungkin sangat berarti pada penularan penyakit melalui udara ( air borne infection ). Batuk merupakan salah satu gejala penyakit saluran nafas disamping sesak, mengi, dan sakit dada. Sering kali batuk merupakan masalah yang dihadapi para dokter dalam pekerjaannya sehari-hari. Penyebabnya amat beragam dan pengenalan patofisiologi batuk akan sangat membantu dalam menegakkan diagnosis dan penanggulangan penderita batuk. <br /><br /><br />3.2 Gejala dan Penyebab Batuk <br /><br />A. Gejala Batuk <br /><br />1. Demam yang tinggi disertai otot tubuh yang kaku <br /><br />2. Bersin-bersin dan hidung tersumbat <br /><br />3. Sakit tenggorokan <br /><br />B. Penyebab Batuk <br /><br />1. Umumnya disebabkan oleh infeksi di saluran pernapasan bagian atas yang merupakan gejala flu. <br /><br />2. Infeksi saluran pernapasan bagian atas (ISPA). <br /><br />3. Alergi <br /><br />4. Asma atau tuberculosis <br /><br />5. Benda asing yang masuk kedalam saluran napas <br /><br />6. Tersedak akibat minum susu <br /><br />7. Menghirup asap rokok dari orang sekitar <br /><br /> <br /><br />3.3 Mekanisme Batuk <br /><br />Pada dasarnya mekanisme batuk dapat dibagi menjadi 4 fase yaitu: :<br /> 1. Fase iritasi <br /><br />Iritasi dari salah satu saraf sensoris nervus vagus di laring, trakea, bronkus besar, atau serat afferen cabang faring dari nervus glosofaringeus dapat menimbulkan batuk. Batuk juga timbul bila reseptor batuk di lapisan faring dan esofagus, rongga pleura dan saluran telinga luar dirangsang. <br /><br />2. Fase inspirasi <br /><br />Pada fase inspirasi glotis secara refleks terbuka lebar akibat kontraksi otot abduktor kartilago aritenoidea. Inspirasi terjadi secara dalam dan cepat, sehingga udara dengan cepat dan dalam jumlah banyak masuk ke dalam paru. Hal ini disertai terfiksirnya iga bawah akibat kontraksi otot toraks, perut dan diafragma, sehingga dimensi lateral dada membesar mengakibatkan peningkatan volume paru. Masuknya udara ke dalam paru dengan jumlah banyak memberikan keuntungan yaitu akan memperkuat fase ekspirasi sehingga lebih cepat dan kuat serta memperkecil rongga udara yang tertutup sehingga menghasilkan mekanisme pembersihan yang potensial. <br /><br />3. Fase kompresi <br /><br />Fase ini dimulai dengan tertutupnya glotis akibat kontraksi otot adduktor kartilago aritenoidea, glotis tertutup selama 0,2 detik. Pada fase ini tekanan intratoraks meninggi sampai 300 cmH2O agar terjadi batuk yang efektif. Tekanan pleura tetap meninggi selama 0,5 detik setelah glotis terbuka . Batuk dapat terjadi tanpa penutupan glotis karena otot-otot ekspirasi mampu meningkatkan tekanan intratoraks walaupun glotis tetap terbuka. <br /><br />4. Fase ekspirasi/ ekspulsi <br /><br />Pada fase ini glotis terbuka secara tiba-tiba akibat kontraksi aktif otot ekspirasi, sehingga terjadilah pengeluaran udara dalam jumlah besar dengan kecepatan yang tinggi disertai dengan pengeluaran benda-benda asing dan bahan-bahan lain. Gerakan glotis, otot-otot pernafasan dan cabang-cabang bronkus merupakan hal yang penting dalam fase mekanisme batuk dan disinilah terjadi fase batuk yang sebenarnya. Suara batuk sangat bervariasi akibat getaran sekret yang ada dalam saluran nafas atau getaran pita suara. <br /><br /> <br /><br />3.4 Jenis-Jenis Batuk <br /><br />A. Batuk berdasarkan Produktivitasnya <br /><br />Berdasarkan produktivitasnya, batuk dapat dibedakan menjadi menjadi 2 jenis, yaitu batuk berdahak (batuk produktif) dan batuk kering (batuk non produktif). <br /><br />1. Batuk berdahak (batuk produktif) <br /><br />Batuk berdahak ditandai dengan adanya dahak pada tenggorokan. Batuk berdahak dapat terjadi karena adanya infeksi pada saluran nafas, seperti influenza, bronchitis, radang paru, dan sebagainya. Selain itu batuk berdahak terjadi karena saluran nafas peka terhadap paparan debu, polusi udara, asap rokok, lembab yang berlebihan dan sebagainya. <br /><br />2. Batuk kering (batuk non produktif) <br /><br />Batuk yang ditandai dengan tidak adanya sekresi dahak dalam saluran nafas, suaranya nyaring dan menyebabkan timbulnya rasa sakit pada tenggorokan. Batuk kering dapat disebabkan karena adanya infeksi virus pada saluran nafas, adanya faktor-faktor alergi (seperti debu, asap rokok dan perubahan suhu) dan efek samping dari obat (misalnya penggunaan obat antihipertensi kaptopril). <br /><br /><br />B. Batuk berdasarkan waktu berlangsungnya <br /><br /> Berdasarkan waktu berlangsungnya, batuk dapat dibedakan menjadi 3, yaitu batuk akut, batuk sub akut dan batuk kronis. <br /><br />1. Batuk Akut <br /><br />Batuk akut adalah batuk yang gejala terjadinya kurang dari 3 minggu. Penyebab batuk ini umumnya adalah iritasi, adanya penyempitan saluran nafas akut dan adanya infeksi virus atau bakteri. <br /><br />2. Batuk Subakut <br /><br />Batuk akut adalah batuk yang gejala terjadinya antara 3 – 8 minggu. Batuk ini biasanya disebabkan karena adanya infeksi akut saluran pernafasan oleh virus yang mengakibatkan adanya kerusakan epitel pada saluran nafas. <br /><br />3. Batuk Kronis <br /><br />Batuk kronis adalah batuk yang gejala batuk yang terjadi lebih dari 8 minggu. Batuk ini biasanya menjadi pertanda atau gejala adanya penyakit lain yang lebih berat seperti asma, tuberculosis, bronchitis dan sebagainya. <br /><br /> <br /><br />3.5 Undang-Undang <br /><br />Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan RI No. 2380/A/SK/VI/1983 dan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI No.925/Menkes/Per/X/1993 tentang Daftar Perubahan Golongan Obat Nomor 1 memuat ketetapan mengenai obat-obat yang masuk kedalam daftar obat “W” dan pengertian tentang obat bebas terbatas. Obat bebas terbatas adalah obat keras yang dapat diserahkan kepada pemakainya tanpa resep dokter jika penyerahannya memenuhi persyaratan sebagai berikut : <br /><br />- Obat tersebut hanya boleh dijual dengan bungkus asli danri pabriknya atau pembuatnya. <br /><br />- Pada penyerahannya oleh pembuat atau penjual harus mencantumkan tanda peringatan yang tercetak sesuai contoh. Tanda peringatan tersebut berwarna hitam, berukuran panjang 5 cm, lebar 2 cm, dan memuat tulisan pemberitahuan berwarna putih. <br /><br />Penandaan <br /><br />Berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan RI No. 2380/A/SK/VI/1983, tanda khusus untuk obat bebas terbatas berupa lingkaran berwarna biru dengan garis tepi berwarna hitam. Tanda khusus harus dilekatkan sedemikian rupa sehingga jelas terlihat dan mudah dikenali. Tanda khusus untuk obat bebas terbatas adalah sebagai berikut : <br /><br /><br />Berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan RI, obat yang ditetapkan sebagai obat bebas terbatas adalah sebagai berikut : <br /><br />a. Obat bebas terbatas dengan tanda peringatan Nomor 1 (P No. 1) <br /><br />Contoh : Obat batuk <br /><br />Tanda peringatan yang harus ada pada kemasan obat-obat tersebut adalah sebagai berikut : <br /><br /> <br /><br /> 3.6 Penggolongan Obat Batuk<br /><br /> Obat batuk dapat dibagi menurut titik kerjanya dalam 2 golongan besar, yaitu : <br /><br />1. Zat-zat Sentral (Antitusif) <br /><br />Obat-obat ini menekan rangsangan batuk di pusat batuk yang terletak di sumsum lanjutan dan mungkin bekerja terhadap pusat saraf lebih tinggi di otak dengan efek menenangkan (sedatif). Zat-zat ini dibedakan antara zat-zat yang menimbulkan adiksi dan non-adiksi. <br /><br />a. Zat-zat adiktif <br /><br /> Yang termasuk zat-zat ini adalah candu dan kodein, zat ini termasuk kelompok obat opioid, yaitu zat yang memiliki sebagian sifat farmakologi dari opium atau morfin. Berhubungan obat ini mempunyai efek ketagihan (adiksi) maka penggunaanya harus hati-hati dan untuk jangka waktu yang singkat. <br /><br />b. Zat-zat non-adiktif <br /><br /> Yang termasuk zat-zat ini adalah noskapin, dekstrometorfan, pentoksiverin. Antihistamin juga termasuk, misalnya prometazin dan difenhidramin. <br /><br />2. Zat-zat Perifer <br /><br />Obat-obat ini bekerja di perifer dan terbagi dalam beberapa kelompok yaitu : <br /><br />a. Ekspektoran <br /><br /> Ekspektoran ialah obat yang dapat merangsang pengeluaran dahak dari saluran pernapasan. Obat ini bekerja melalui suatu refleks dari lambung yang menstimulasi batuk. Sekresi dahak yang bersifat cair diperbanyak secara reflektoris atau dengan jalan efek langsung terhadap sel-sel kelenjar. Obat yang termasuk golongan ini adalah ammonium klorida, gliceryl guaiacolat, ipeka, dan minyak terbang. <br /><br /> <br /><br />b. Mukolitik <br /><br />Mukolitk ialah obat yang dapat mengencerkan sekret saluran pernapasan dengan jalan memecah benang-benang mukoprotein dan mukopolisakarida dari sputum. Mukolitik memiliki gugus sulfhydryl bebas dan berdaya mengurangi kekentalan dahak dan mengeluarkannya. Mukolitik digunakan dengan efektif pada batuk dengan dahak yang kental sekali. Zat-zat ini mempermudah pengeluaran dahak yang telah menjadi lebih encer melalui proses batuk atau dengan bantuan gerakan cilia dari epitel. Tetapi pada umumnya zat ini tidak berguna bila gerakan silia terganggu, misalnya pada perokok atau akibat infeksi. Obat-obat yang termasuk kelompok ini adalahasetilkarbosistein, mesna, bromheksin, danambroxol. <br /><br />c. Emoliensia <br /><br /> Memperlunak rangsangan batuk dan memperlicin tenggorokan agar tidak kering, serta memperlunak selaput lendir yang teriritasi. Zat-zat yang sering digunakan adalah sirup (thymi dan altheae), zat-zat lendir (infus carrageen), dan gula-gula, seperti drop (akar manis), permen, pastilles isap, dan sebagainya. <br /><br /> <br /><br />3.7 Contoh-contoh Obat Batuk <br /><br />A. Zat-zat pereda sental (Antitusif) <br /><br />1. Keodein (F.I): metilmorfin, *Codipront <br /><br />Alkaloida candu ini memiliki sifat menyerupai morfin, tetapi efek analgetis dan meredakan batuknya jauh lebih lemah, begitu pula efek depresinya terhadap pernapasan. Obat ini banyak digunakan sebagai pereda batuk dan penghilang rasa sakit, biasanya dikombinasi dengan asetosal yang memberikan efek potensiasi. Dosis analgetis yang efektif terletak di anatara 15 – 60 mg. Sama dengan morfin, kodein juga dapat membebaskan histamine (histamine-liberator). <br /><br />Efek sampingnya jarang terjadi pada dosis biasa dan terbatas pada obstipasi, mual dan muntah, pusing, dan termangu-mangu. Pada anak kecil dapat terjadi konvulsi dan depresi pernapasan. Dalam dosis tinggi dapat menimbulkan efek sentral tersebut. Walaupun kurang hebat dan lebih jarang daripada morfin, obat ini dapat pula mengakibatkan ketagihan. <br /><br />Dosis: oral sebagai aalgetikum dan pereda batuk 3-5 dd 10-40 mg dan maksimum 200 mg sehari. Pada diare 3-4 dd 25-40 mg. <br /><br />2. Noskapin <br /><br />Alkaloida candu alamiah ini tidak memiliki rumus fenantren, seperti kodein dan morfin, melainkan termasuk dalam kelompok benzilisokinolin seperti alkaloda candu lainnya (papaverin dan tebain). Efek meredakan batuknya tidak sekuat kodein, tetapi tidak mengakibatkan depresi pernapasan atau obstipasi, sedangkan efk sedatifnya dapat diabaikan. Risiko adiksinya ringan sekali. Berkat sifat baik ini, kini obat ini banyak digunakan dalam berbagai sediaan obat batuk popular. <br /><br /> Noskapin tidak bersifat analgetis dan merupakan pembebas histamine yang kuat dengan efek bronchokonstriksi dan hipotensi (selewat) pada dosis besar. <br /><br /> Efek sampingnya jarang terjad dan berupa nyeri kepala, reaksi kulit, dan perasaan lelah letih tidak bersemangat. <br /><br />Dosis: oral 3-4 kali sehari 15-50 mg, maksimal 250 mg sehari. <br /><br />3. Dekstrometofan: methoxylevorphanol, Detusif, *Romilar/exp, *Benadryl DMP <br /><br />Derivat-fenantren ini (1953) berkhasiat menekan batuk, yang sama kuatnya dengan kodein, tetapi bertahan lebih lama dan tidak bersifat analgetis, sedative, sembelit, atau adiktif. Mekanisme kerjanya berdasarkan peningkatan ambang pusat batuk di otak. Pada peyalahgunaan dengan dosis tinggi dapat terjadi efek stimulasi SP. <br /><br /> Efek sampingnya hanya ringan dan terbatas pada rasa mengantuk, termangu-mangu, pusing, nyeri kepala, dan gangguan lambung-usus. <br /><br /> Dosis: oral 3-4 dd 10-20 mg (bromide) p.c., anak-anak 2-6 tahun 3-4 dd 8 mg, 6-12 tahun 3-4 dd 15 mg. <br /><br />B. Antihistamin <br /><br />1. Prometazin: (phenargen exp) <br /><br /> Sebagai antihistaminikum berdaya meredakan rangsangan batuk berkat sifat sedative dan antikolinergik yang kuat. <br /><br /> Efek samping antikolinergiknya dapat menyebabkan gangguan buang air kecil dan akomodasi pada manula. <br /><br /> Dosis : 3 dd 25-50 mg (garam HCl) d.c., anak-anak diatas 1 tahun 2-4 dd 0,2 mg/kg. <br /><br />2. Oksomemazin <br /><br /> Adalah derivat dengan khasiat dan penggunaan sama, daya antikolinergiknya lemah. <br /><br /> Dosis : 2-3 dd 15 mg, anak-anak 1-2 tahun 2,5-10 mg sehari, 2-5 tahun 10-20 mg sehari, 5-10 tahun 2-3 dd 10 mg. <br /><br />3. Difenhidramin (Benadryl) <br /><br /> Sebagai zat antihistamin (H-Blocker), senyawa ini bersifat hipnotis-sedatif dan dengan demikian meredakan rangsangan batuk. Pada bayi dapat menimbulkan perangsangan paradoksal, misalnya mengeringnya selaput lender karena efek antikolinergiknya. <br /><br /> Dosis : 3-4 dd 25-50 mg <br /><br />C. Muskolitik <br /><br />1. Asetilsistein (Fluimucil) <br /><br /> Mekanisme aksinya yakni Mengurangi kekentalan / viskositas sekret dengan memecah ikatan disulfida pada mukoprotein, memfasilitasi pengeluaran sekret melalui batuk. Mekanisme ini paling baik pada pH 7-9, sehingga pH sediaan diadjust dengan NaOH. <br /><br /> Efek Samping: Reaksi hipersensitivitas (bronkospasme, angioedema, kemerahan, gatal), hipotensi / hipertensi (kadang-kadang), mual, muntah, demam, syncope, berkeringat, arthralgia, pandangan kabur, gangguan fungsi hati, asidosis, kejang, ;cardiac / respiratory arrest. <br /><br /> Dosis : Oral 3-6 dd 200 mg atau 1-2 dd 600 mg granulat, anak-anak n2-7 tahun 2 dd 200 mg, dibawah 2 tahun 2 dd 100 mg, Sebagai antidotum keracunan paracetamool , oral 150 mg/kg berat badan dan larutan 5 %, disusul dengan 75 mg/kg setiap 4 jam <br /><br />2. Bromheksin <br /><br /> Mekanisme aksinya yakni Bromheksin merupakan secretolytic agent, yang bekerja dengan cara memecah mukoprotein dan mukopolisakarida pada sputum sehingga mukus yang kental pada saluran bronkial menjadi lebih encer, kemudian memfasilitasi ekspektorasi. <br /><br /> Efek Samping : Pusing, sakit kepala, berkeringat, kulit kemerahan. Batuk atau bronkospasme pada inhalasi (kadang-kadang). Mual, muntah, diare dan efek samping pada saluran cerna. <br /><br /> Dosis : Oral 3-4 dd 8-16 mg (Klorida), Anak-anak 3 dd 1,6 – 8 mg. Tergantung dari usia. <br /><br />D. Ekspektoran <br /><br />1. Kaliumiodida <br /><br /> Iodida menstimulasi sekresi mucus di cabang tenggorokan dan mencairkannya, tetapi sebagai obat batuk (Hampir) tidak efektif. <br /><br /> Efek Samping : gangguan tiroid , Struma, Ucticaria dan iod-acne, juga hiperkaliemia( pada fungsi ginjal buruk). <br /><br /> Dosis: Pada batuk oral 3 dd 0,5-1 g, maks. 6 g sehari. <br /><br />2. Amoniumklorida <br /><br /> Berdaya diuretic lemah yang menyebabkan acidosis, yakni kelebihan asam dalam darah. Keasaman darah merangsang pusat pernapasan sehingga frekuensi napas meningkat dan gerakkan bulu getar (cilia) disaluran napas distimulasi. Sekresi dahak juga meningkat. Maka senyawa ini banyak digunakan dalam sediaaan sirop batuk, misalnya obat batuk hitam. <br /><br /> Efek Sampingnya : Acidosis ( khusus pada anak-anak dan pasien ginjal) dan gangguan lambung (mual, muntah), berhubung sifatnya yang merangsang mukosa. <br /><br /> Dosis : oral 3-4 dd 100-150 mg, maks. 3 g seharinya. <br /><br />3. Guaifenesin ( Gliserilguaiakolat, Toplexil) <br /><br /> Digunakan sebagai ekspektorans dalam berbagai jenis sediaan bentuk popular. Pada dosis tinggi bekerja merelaksasi otot seperti mefenesin. <br /><br /> Efek Samping : Iritasi Lambung (mual,muntah) yang dapat dikurangi bila diminum dengan segelas air. <br /><br /> Dosis: Oral 4-6 dd 100-200 mg. <br /><br />E. Emolliensia <br /><br />1. Succus Liquiritiae <br /><br /> Obat ini banyak digunakan sebagai salah satu komponen dari sediaan obat batuk guna mempermudah pengeluaran dahak dan sebagai bahan untuk memperbaiki rasa. <br /><br /> Efek Samping : Pada doosis Tinggidari 3 g sehari berupa nyeri kepala, udema, dan terganggunya keseimbangan elektrolit, akibat efek mineralalokortikoid dan hipernatriema dari asam glycyrrizinat. <br /><br /> Dosis : oral 1-3 g sehari. <br /><br /><br /><br />3.8 Beberapa Contoh Obat Yang Beredar Dipasaran <br /><br />11. Benadryl DMP<br /><br />Kandungan: <br /><br />Difenhidramin (antihistamin, antitusif) <br /><br />Dektrometorfan (antitusif)Fenilefrin (dekongestan) <br /><br />Ammonium klorida (ekspektoran) <br /><br />Natrium sitrat (ekspektoran) <br /><br />Indikasi : Mengurangi batuk yang parah dan membandel serta gangguan saluran pernafasan yang disebabkan oleh pilek, alergi, atau bronkitis <br /><br />Kontra Indikasi <br /><br />Gangguan fungsi hati atau ginjal. <br /><br />Efek Samping <br /><br />Mengantuk, pusing, mulut kering, gangguan saluran pencernaan. <br /><br />Dosis <br /><br />Dewasa : 3-4 kali sehari 1-2 sendok teh. Anak-anak : 3-4 kali sehari ½-1 sendok teh . <br /><br />2. Vicks Formula 44 <br /><br />Kandungan : <br /><br />Dekstrometorfan (antitusif) <br /><br />Doksilamin (antihistamin, antitusif) <br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNaTvhTU63Y3_SJgwBS4s0kMFYNYhyphenhyphenNiK27ELWhMD7xBfsV0PNGmpmySZtlP4lRYt2Wfe_tLfRKTqdUGCqY6ZUZJhTNp1n5NfUm75cFINk0T94WJxDhoVQ6H28K0vadb5JhEyGZPafUQ3Y/s1600/obat+batuk+dewasa+vicks+formula+44.jpg"><img border="0" src="file:///C:/Users/FADHIL~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.jpg" /></a>Indikasi: <br /><br />Meredakan batuk yang tidak berdahak atau yang menimbulkan rasa sakit. <br /><br />Kontra Indikasi: Penderita hipersensitif, terhadap obat ini. <br /><br />Efek Samping : Jarang menyebabkan kantul. Mual, pusing, konstipasi. <br /><br />Aturan Pakai : <br /><br />Dewasa: 12 tahun ke atas: 1 sendok takar 3 kali sehari. <br /><br />Anak-anak: 6 - 11 tahun: ½ sendok takar 3 kali sehari. <br /><br />Atau gunakan sesuai petunjuk dokter. <br /><br />1 sendok takar = 5 mL <br /><br />3. Wood Ekspektoran <br /><br /><br />Kandungan : <br /><br />Bromhexin (ekspektoran) <br /><br />Guaifenesin (ekspektoran) <br /><br />Indikasi: Meredakan gejala batuk produktif , bronchitis atau emfisema. <br /><br />Kontra indikasi: Ulkus Gi, Hamil, menyusui <br /><br />Efek Samping: Gangguan Pencernaan <br /><br />Dosis: <br /><br />Dewasa dan Anak >12 tahun sehari 3x10 ml. Anak 6-12 thn sehari 3-5 ml <br /><br /> <br /><br />3.9 Tips Menggunakan Obat Batuk yang Efektif <br /> <br /><br />Jika batuk Anda <br /><br />Pilihlah yang mengandung <br /><br />Contoh obat <br /> <br /><br />Kering (tanpa disertai dahak) <br /><br />Antitusif <br /><br />Dekstrometorfan, atau noskapin <br /><br /><br />Disertai dahak <br /><br />Ekspektoran <br /><br />Bromheksin, gliseril guaiakolat (GG, atau guaifenesin), ambroksol, karbosistein, atau ammonium klorida <br /> <br /><br />Akibat alergi dan disertai dengan hidung meler <br /><br />Antihistamin <br /><br />Difenhidramin, klorfeniramin (CTM), doksilamin, feniramin, atau tripolidin <br /> <br /><br />Disertai dengan napas yang tidak lega <br /><br /> <br /><br />Dekongestan <br /><br />Fenil propanol amin, efedrin, pseudoefedrin, etilefedrin, atau fenilefrin <br /> <br /><br /><br />BAB IV <br /><br />PENUTUP <br /><br />4.1 Kesimpulan <br /><br />Adapun kesimpulan yang dapat ditarik dari makalah ini antara lain : <br /><br />1. Menurut Weinberger (2005) batuk merupakan ekspirasi eksplosif yang menyediakan mekanisme protektif normal untuk membersihkan cabang trakeobronkial dari sekret dan zat-zat asing. Masyarakat lebih cenderung untuk mencari pengobatan apabila batuknya berkepanjangan sehingga mengganggu aktivitas seharian atau mencurigai kanker. <br /><br />2. Jenis-Jenis batuk berdasarkan produktivitasnya, batuk dapat dibedakan menjadi menjadi 2 jenis, yaitu batuk berdahak (batuk produktif) dan batuk kering (batuk non produktif). <br /><br />3. Jenis-jenis berdasarkan waktu berlangsungnya, batuk dapat dibedakan menjadi 3, yaitu batuk akut, batuk sub akut dan batuk kronis. <br /><br />4. Obat batuk dapat dibagi menurut titik kerjanya dalam 2 golongan besar, yaitu : zat-zat sentral (antitusif) dan zat-zat perifer. <br /><br />5. Beberapa contoh obat yang beredar dipasaran : <br /><br />1. Benadryl DMP <br /><br />2. Vicks Formula 44 <br /><br />3. Wood Ekspektoran <br /><br /><br />4.2 Saran <br /><br />Kepada para pembaca saya ucapakan selamat belajar dan manfaatkanlah makalah ini dengan sebaik-baiknya. Saya menyadari bahwa makalah ini masih perlu ditingkatkan mutunya, oleh karena itu, kritik dan saran yang bersifat membangun sangat saya harapkan. <br /><br /> <br /><br />DAFTAR PUSTAKA <br /><br />Buku : <br /><br />Ruli S.H, S.Si, Apt,. dkk,. 2013, Undang-Undang Kesehatan untuk SMK Farmasi, Jakarta : Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC <br /><br />Meity T. Q., dkk., 2011, Kamus Bahasa Indonesia untuk Pelajar, Jakarta : Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan <br /><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihjrIjhECDbbN-dacI5X_Wm3AHdEZgiB2ynO8S8dRvFWJlSSbsxwtJl0p-CjYgZ_qphjEUeTUiVoixb-uUUpRjE6F0yV_K7Zyj0A84qLQmSx6CanJ_l5_jMfIwg7_yUEbtYgSZxStVhf_-/s1600/OBAT+BATUK.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="750" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihjrIjhECDbbN-dacI5X_Wm3AHdEZgiB2ynO8S8dRvFWJlSSbsxwtJl0p-CjYgZ_qphjEUeTUiVoixb-uUUpRjE6F0yV_K7Zyj0A84qLQmSx6CanJ_l5_jMfIwg7_yUEbtYgSZxStVhf_-/s320/OBAT+BATUK.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Fadhilah OKUhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10281099993610775199noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582096905088977360.post-80429014505921437952020-01-06T05:41:00.000-08:002020-01-06T05:41:00.429-08:00MACAM-MACAM SAYUR BESERTA MANFAAT<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.
Daun Singkong<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sebelum
dimasak, daun singkong bersifat beracun karena kandungan asam hidrosianat di
dalamnya. Namun setelah selesai direbus, kandungan asam ini akan luruh bersama
air rebusan dan yang tersisa adalah berbagai manfaat daun singkong yang akan
diberikan, yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kaya akan protein dengan 3,7
gram protein untuk setiap 100 gram daun singkong<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rendah kalori dan bebas lemak,
sangat baik untuk Anda yang sedang berdiet.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Serat yang dikandung daun
singkong sangat baik menunjang pertumbuhan bakteri probiotik.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengandung vitamin C dalam
jumlah yang signifikan untuk mencegah berbagai penyakit seperti penyakit
kardiovaskular, stroke dan kanker.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengandung mineral yang
dibutuhkan untuk kekuatan tulang dan sistem imun seperti zat besi, seng,
magnesium, dan mangan.<a name='more'></a></span></li>
</ul>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.
Selada<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Terdapat
dua macam selada, yaitu selada air yang berwarna hijau dan selada yang berwarna
merah keunguan. Namun kandungan yang terdapat di dalamnya hampir sama, yang berbeda
adalah pigmen pembentuk warna selada. Sayuran yang seringkali dijadikan lalapan
ini sangat kaya akan berbagai vitamin, mulai dari thiamin, riboflavin, niasin,
folat, vitamin B-6, A, C, E dan K. Mengonsumsi selada sangat baik untuk menjaga
agar sel-sel otak dapat terhubung dengan baik dan menjaga agar ingatan tetap
baik. Selada juga mampu menurunkan kadar kolesterol sehingga membuat seseorang
lebih kecil risikonya terkena serangan jantung atau stroke.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.
Seledri<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Seledri
adalah daun yang banyak digunakan dalam sayur sop, karenanya banyak orang yang
menyebutnya sebagai daun sop. Seledri sangat kaya akan berbagai mineral yang
dibutuhkan tubuh seperti kalsium yang berguna untuk tulang, zat besi untuk
mengatasi kurang darah, dan kalium. Selain itu seledri juga mengandung vitamin
A dan C, serta sebuah zat aktif bernama phthalides yang mampu menurunkan
tekanan darah. Seledri juga dapat mencegah perkembangan sel-sel kanker karena
kandungan zat aktif kumarin dan asetileniknya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 4;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 4;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.
Asparagus<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape alt="Manfaat Asparagus" id="Picture_x0020_4" o:spid="_x0000_i1031" style="height: 111.75pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 198.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="Manfaat Asparagus" src="file:///C:\Users\FADHIL~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Asparagus
banyak digunakan untuk membuat sup. Dengan rasa yang sangat nikmat, berbagai
manfaat dapat Anda petik dengan mengonsumsi asparagus, seperti :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mampu meningkatkan kemampuan
insulin untuk mengubah gula menjadi energi, sehingga sangat baik bagi
penderita diabetes.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kaya akan kandungan glutathion
yang mampu memecah sel-sel karsinogen dan radikal bebas sehingga
menurunkan risiko seseorang terkena kanker.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengandung folat yang mampu
menjaga kesehatan otak sehingga walaupun usia bertambah kemampuan otak
tetap berjalan dengan baik.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 4;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.
Kacang Panjang<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape alt="Manfaat Kacang Panjang" id="Picture_x0020_5" o:spid="_x0000_i1030" style="height: 130.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 173.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="Manfaat Kacang Panjang" src="file:///C:\Users\FADHIL~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kacang
panjang dapat diolah menjadi berbagai jenis masakan, mulai dari sayur asam,
tumis, dan sebagainya. Kacang panjang memiliki kalori yang sangat rendah, hanya
sekitar 47 kalori dalam 100 gramnya. Kacang panjang juga sangat kaya akan serat
yang berfungsi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan serat sehari-hari demi pencernaan yang
selalu lancar. Makanan dengan serat yang tinggi juga mampu mengurangi kadar
kolesterol jahat dalam tubuh sehingga menurunkan risiko seseorang terkena
penyakit kardiovaskular. Vitamin yang terkandung pun tidak kalah dengan sayuran
lainnya, terdapat sekitar 18,8 mg vitamin C untuk setiap 100 gram kacang
panjang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 4;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.
Pare<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape alt="Manfaat Pare" id="Picture_x0020_6" o:spid="_x0000_i1029" style="height: 141pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 186.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="Manfaat Pare" src="file:///C:\Users\FADHIL~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Di
balik rasanya yang sangat pahit ini, pare memiliki manfaat yang tidak terduga.
Serat yang dikandung sayuran yang sering ditumis atau campuran hidangan siomay
ini sangat tinggi sehingga sangat berguna untuk melancarkan pencernaan. Pare
juga mengandung mineral kalsium, kalium, serta zat besi yang lengkap untuk
kesehatan tulang dan darah. Dengan kandungannya ini, pare mampu menekan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">kadar
gula darah, menurunkan kadar kolesterol dan menurunkan tekanan darah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 4;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.
Brokoli<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape alt="Manfaat Brokoli" id="Picture_x0020_7" o:spid="_x0000_i1028" style="height: 126.75pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 189.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="Manfaat Brokoli" src="file:///C:\Users\FADHIL~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image007.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Brokoli
adalah salah satu jenis sayuran hijau yang enak rasanya, sebanding dengan
harganya yang memang relatif lebih mahal dibandingkan sayuran lainnya. Sayuran
yang sebetulnya merupakan bunga ini memiliki manfaat sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengandung antioksidan yang
dapat melawan radikal bebas penyebab kanker, seperti lutein, zeaxanthin,
dan beta karoten.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengurangi kolesterol dengan
serat yang dapat larut dalam air.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengurangi reaksi alergi dan
peradangan dengan kandungan asam lemak omega 3.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menjaga kesehatan tulang karena
kandungan kalsium dan vitamin K yang sangat tinggi.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengandung sulforafan yang
mampu mencegah peradangan dinding pembuluh darah.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 4;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8.
Buncis<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape alt="Manfaat Buncis" id="Picture_x0020_8" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" style="height: 118.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 179.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="Manfaat Buncis" src="file:///C:\Users\FADHIL~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Buncis
juga merupakan salah satu sayuran yang bervariasi olahannya, mulai dari sebagai
bahan membuat sup, ditumis, dan sebagainya. Buncis sangat kaya akan vitamin B6
dan B2. Buncis juga sangat kaya akan kandungan vitamin C dan beta karoten yang
merupakan antioksidan untuk menghilangkan berbagai radikal bebas yang mungkin
terbentuk dalam tubuh. Buncis mengandung berbagai mineral seperti folat, zat
besi, kalium, dan mangan yang juga diperlukan tubuh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9. Daun Lembayung<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape alt="Daun Lembayung" id="Picture_x0020_9" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" style="height: 129pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 192.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="Daun Lembayung" src="file:///C:\Users\FADHIL~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image009.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Daun
lembayung adalah salah satu jenis sayuran yang biasa diolah untuk menjadi sayur
lodeh, sayur bening, urap, dan sebagainya. Sebetulnya daun lembayung merupakan
tanaman kacang-kacangan, dengan berbagai macam manfaat untuk kesehatan tubuh,
seperti beberapa manfaat berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengandung zat besi dalam
jumlah tinggi yang akan digunakan untuk membentuk hemoglobin dalam darah,
baik untuk orang yang sering anemia.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengandung fosfor dan
kalsiumuntuk memperkuat gigi dan tulang sehingga risiko terkena
osteoporosis atau penyakit tulang lainnya berkurang.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Vitamin A yang dikandung daun
lembayung sangat bermanfaat untuk mata.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 4;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10.
Pak Choi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape alt="Manfaat Pak Choi" id="Picture_x0020_10" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 119.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 180.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="Manfaat Pak Choi" src="file:///C:\Users\FADHIL~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image010.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pak
choi atau bok choi adalah sayuran hijau lainnya dengan manfaat berlimpah. Di
dalam daun yang sering dijadikan campuran capcay atau dimasak bersama mie ini,
terkandung vitamin A, C, dan D yang sangat baik untuk tubuh. Selain itu,
kandungan kalium dalam Pak Choi juga sangat baik untuk menjaga keseimbangan
cairan dan menjaga kesehatan jantung. Terdapat pula kandungan glukosinolat di
dalam pak choi yang berfungsi menurunkan risiko seseorang terkena kanker
prostat atau payudara.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br /></div>
Fadhilah OKUhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10281099993610775199noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582096905088977360.post-2686230923807984812019-10-14T22:25:00.002-07:002019-10-14T22:25:54.434-07:0034 PROVINSI DI INDONESIA LENGKAP DENGAN PAKAIAN, TARIAN, RUMAH ADAT, SENJATA TRADISIONAL<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;">34
PROVINSI di INDONESIA LENGKAP DENGAN PAKAIAN, TARIAN, RUMAH ADAT, SENJATA
TRADISIONAL<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPr0yp2JdKJpNgChrorg44thx1paLVjPPisK3KQPgPkUxkHexgvWLTV7unvCB4Zb9EZOIHM1mo7l-4Ax1VUnCS7xGRLmS4EnPCqxxJdOZ131e2eW9KK37mR0Bn9TbqCFtLJ2sdI7WBblsu/s1600/d2f8fac35c61486fa82efbb5708b3e95_18.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="800" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPr0yp2JdKJpNgChrorg44thx1paLVjPPisK3KQPgPkUxkHexgvWLTV7unvCB4Zb9EZOIHM1mo7l-4Ax1VUnCS7xGRLmS4EnPCqxxJdOZ131e2eW9KK37mR0Bn9TbqCFtLJ2sdI7WBblsu/s320/d2f8fac35c61486fa82efbb5708b3e95_18.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br />
<i>1.Provinsi <b>Nanggro Aceh Darussalam (NAD)</b> Ibukota nya adalah <b>Banda
Aceh</b></i></span><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdiri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> :7 Desember 1959 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU 24/1956 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> :Pulau Sumatera ( 2º-6ºLU dan 95º-99ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>BL</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 57.365,57 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Sultan Iskandar Muda ( Banda Aceh)</span></div>
<a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Balohan (Sabang) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Teuku Umar, Cut Nyak Dhien, Teuku Cik Di Tiro, Teuku Nyak
Arief, Sultan Iskandar Muda,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Universitas Syah Kuala, IAIN Ar-Raniry <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Timpan, Masak udang cumi, Gulai Aceh,Daging masak pedas, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Korma kambing, Sie Reubeouh cuka,
Gulai kepala ikan,Kanji Rumbi,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Taman Nasional Unung Leuser, Mesjid Baiturrahman, Taman
Laut Pulau Rubiah, Danau Anuek, Laout, Bekas Kerajaan Samudera Pasai, Pemandian
Air Panas Simpang Balek,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kherkoff,Kuburan
Belanda yang membuktikan perlawanan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">rakyat Aceh terhadap penjajahan
Belanda.<br />
<b>2.</b> Makam Sultan Iskandar Muda, yang merupakan simbol kejayaan dari
Kerajaan Aceh pada masa lalu. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Pabrik Semen Andalas,Pupuk AAF,Minyak,Emas, dan Perak. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> :<b> </b>Tari Seudati, Tari Saman Meuseukat<br />
<b>Rumah Adat</b> : Rumah Krong Bade<br />
S<b>enjata Tradisional </b>: Rencong <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lagu Daerah </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">:Bungong Jeumpa, Lembah Alas, Piso Surit <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku : </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Aceh, Gayo, Alas, Kluet, Tamiang, Singkil, Anak Jame,
Simeleuw, dan Pulau<br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : </b>Pidie<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : SERUNE KALEE (sumber bunyi : Aerofon, DITIUP SERTA
TERDAPAT LUBANG YANG DIMAINKAN DENGAN JARI SEBAGAI PENGATUR NADA)</b><br />
<b> Julukan : Kota Serambi Mekkah</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.Provinsi <b>Sumatera Utara (SUMUT)</b>
Ibukota nya adalah <b>Medan</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdiri </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: 7 Desember 1959 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU 24/1956 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Pulau Sumatera ( 1º-5ºLU dan 97º-101ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>BB</b> (Tapanuli) dan <b>BK</b> (Sumatera Utara) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 71.680 km² <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Polonia ( Medan ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Belawan ( Medan ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Si Singamangaraja XII,Kyai Haji Zainul Arifin, dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Universitas Negeri Medan, Universitas Sumatera Utara,<b> </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">IAIN Sumatera Utara. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Lalamak, Sangsang, Bika Ambon, Tasak Telu, Anyang, Gulai
Tumbuk, Mie Keling, Palai Bada Sibolga,dll <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Istana Maimun, Mesjid Raya Medan, Danau Toba, Pulau Nias,
Taman Wisata Sikundur, Museum Perjuangan Bukit Barisan, Museum Daerah Sumatera
Utara, Pantai Cermin, Kebun Binatang. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">.
Biaro Bahal, ditemukan di Padang Sidempuan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Istana Maimun atau Istana Deli. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Candi Portibi peninggalan dari Kerajaan Hindu Panai yang memerintah sekitar
tahun 1039. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">4.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Benteng yang dibangun pada masa Kerajaan Majapahit di tahun 1365. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">5.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makam
Batu Raja-Raja Batak. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Minyak Bumi, Kertas, Tekstil, Ban Mobil. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Tari Serampang Dua Belas, Tari Tor-tor<br />
<b>Rumah Adat</b> : Rumah Bolon<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional</b> : Piso Surit <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lagu Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Anju Ahu, Bungo Bangso, Cikala Le Pongpong, Bungo Bangso,
Butet, Dago Inang Sarge, Lisoi, Madekdek Magambiri, Mariam Tomong, Nasonang
Dohita Nadua, Rambadia, Sengko-Sengko, Siboga Tacinto, Sinanggar Tulo, Sing
Sing So, Tapian Nauli <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku : </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Batak Karo, Batak Simalungun, Batak Fakfak, Batak Angkola,
Batak Toba, Melayu, Nias, Batak Mandailing, dan Maya-maya<br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : </b>Karo<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : ARAMBA (sumber bunyi : Ideofon, DIPUKUL DENGAN
MENGGUNAKAN PEMUKUL KHUSUS)</b><br />
<b>Julukan : Kota Melayu Deli</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.Provinsi <b>Sumatera Barat</b> <b>(SUMBAR)
</b>Ibukota nya adalah <b>Padang</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdiri </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: 3 Juli 1958 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU 61/1958 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pulau Sumatera ( 1ºLU-4ºLS dan 98º-102ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>BA</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 425.75 km² <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Tabing <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Teluk Bayur <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Teuku Imam Bonjol, Abdul Muis, M.Hatta, H.Agus Salim,
Sutan Syahrir,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Universitas Andalas <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Rendang Padang, Lepat ketan, Gulai Pangek, Paniaram,
Daging Asam Padeh, Ayam bakar Padang, dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Museum Adityawarman, Jam Gadang dan Benteng Fort de Kock,
Goa Jepang, Taman Siti Nurbaya, Kepulauan Mentawai, Pantai Air Panas, Danau
Maninjau, Danau Singkarak, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lembah Harau, Lembah Anai, Krang
Tirta, Puncak Lawang, dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Batu Nisan Raja Adityawarman di Limokaum Batusangkar, bertuliskan tahun 1356. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Patung Adityawarman ditemukan oleh pemerntah Hindia Belanda di Padangrocok
dekat sungai Lansek, yang saat ini disimpan di Museum Nasional Jakarta. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Prasasti Besar Pagaruyung, di dapatkan di bukit Gombak bertahun 1356. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">4.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Prasasti Adityawarman dari Suroaso ( Batusangkar ). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Semen Padang, Tenun, Timah, Batubara,dan Granit. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Tari Piring, Tari Payung<br />
<b>Rumah Adat</b> : Rumah Gadang<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional</b> : Karih <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lagu Daera</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">h : Ayam Den Lapeh, Barek Solok, Dayung Palinggam,
Kambanglah Bungo, Kampuang Nan Jauh Di Mato, Ka Parak Tingga, Malam Baiko,
Kampuang nan Jauh di Mato, Kambanglah Bungo, Indang Sungai Garinggiang, Rang
Talu <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku : </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Minangkabau, Melayu, dan Mentawai, Tanjung Kato, Panyali,
Caniago, Sikumbang, dan Gusci <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pakaian Adat : </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Batu Sangkar<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : SALUANG (sumber bunyi : Aerofon, DITIUP SERTA
TERDAPAT LUBANG YANG DIMAINKAN DENGAN JARI SEBAGAI PENGATUR NADA)</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">4.Provinsi <b>Riau</b> Ibukota nya
adalah <b>Pekan Baru</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdiri </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: 25 Juli 1958. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU No 61.1958. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pulau Sumatera ( 2ºLU-3ºLU dan 100º-109ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>BM</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 94.561 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Sultan Syarif Kasim II <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Bengkalis <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Sultan Syarif Kasim II, Raja Haji Fisabilillah, Raja Ali
Haji. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Universitas Riau ( UNRI ), IAIN Sultan Syarif Qasim <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
:
: - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Candi Muara Takus, Batu Pantai Nongsa, Komplek Istana
Kerajaan Siak, , Pantai Pasir Panjang, Suaka Alam Kerumutan,Pantai Tanjung
Pesona, Semenanjung Senggarai <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Komplek Istana Sultan Sri Siak Indapura yang dibangun 1898. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Minyak Bumi, Emas, Perak, Bauksit dan Kertas. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Tari Joged Lambak, Pedang Jenawi<br />
<b>Rumah Adat</b> : Rumah Melayu Selaso Jatuh Kembar<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional</b> : Badik <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lagu Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> :Soleram, Kebangkitan Melayu, Tanjung Katung, Bungo Cempako,
Lancang kuning, Ayam Putih Pungguk, Makan Sirih, Uyang Bagan Tak Ondak Belaya,
Mak Long, Tuanku Tambusai, Pak Ngah Balek, Puteri Tujuh, Dedap Durhaka, Kutang
Barendo. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku : </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Melayu, Akit, Talang Mamak, Orang utan Bonai, Sakai, dan
Laut, dan Bunoi <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pakaian Adat : </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Teluk Belanga dan Kebaya Labuh<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : GAMBUS (sumber bunyi : Kordofon, DIPETIK DENGAN
MENGGUNAKAN JARI, SERTA MEMAINKAN NADA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN JARI)</b><br />
<b>Julukan : Kota Bertuah,Bumi melayu lancang kuning, Bumi segantang lada, Bumi
gurindam dan Negeri Pantun</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">5.Provinsi <b>Kepulauan Riau</b>
Ibukota nya adalah <b>Tanjung Pinang</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdiri </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: 24 September 2002. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU No 25/2002 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pulau Sumatera ( 1ºLS-3ºLS dan 101º-104ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>BM</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 13.741 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Hang Nadim (Batam) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pelabuhan Batam <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Sultan Syarif Kasim II, Tuanku Tambusai <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> :Pulau Penyengat<br />
<b>Peninggalan Sejarah</b> : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Candi Muara Takus. Peninggalan Kerajaan Sriwaijaya di pulau
Karimun <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Puri bekas Yang Dipertuan Muda, salah satu kejayaan Kerajaan Melayu Riau di
pulau Penyengat. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Prasasti Pasi Panjang ( Batu Bersurat ) di pulau Karimun <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Pakaian Jadi dan Batubara<br />
<b>Tarian Tradisional </b>: Tari Tandak<br />
<b>Rumah Adat</b> : Rumah Selaso Jatuh Kembar<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional</b> : Ulu Kundit, Pedang Jenawi<br />
<b>Suku :</b>Melayu, Siak, dan Sakai <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pakaian Adat : </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Teluk Belanga dan Kebaya Labuh<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : GENDANG PANJANG (sumber bunyi : Membranofon,
DITEPUK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TELAPAK TANGAN)</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">6.</span></i></b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Provinsi<b> Jambi</b> Ibukota nya adalah<b> Jambi</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdiri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 6 Januari 1957. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU No 61/1958 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pulau Sumatera ( 1ºLS-3ºLS dan 101º-105ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>BH</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 244.477 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Sultan Tahaha Syarifuddin <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Kuala Tungkal <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Sultan Tahaha Syarifuddin, sultan Mahmud Muhyidina dan
Permaisurinya Putri Ayu <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">( Pahlawan Darah ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Universitas Negeri Jambi <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Tempoyak, Gulai Rebung Jambi, Putri Kandis Pelangi,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Danau Kerinci, Taman Anggrek, Goa Alam Toangko, Candi
Muara Jambi, Air Panas Bumi, Danau Sipin, Taman Mayang Manggurai, Goa Alam
Tingkap, Taman rimba, Danau Ladeh Panjang, Batu Bertulis Karang Birahi, Taman
Nasional, Berbak, Taman Nasional Kerinci,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Flakes Obsidian, benda purbakala berasal dari Kerinci. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Bejana Perunggu, Danau Kerinci <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Prasasti Karang Birahi,di Merangin Jambi. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Batubara, Emas, Minyak Bumi, dan Karet. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Tari Sekapur Sirih, Tari Selampit Delapan<br />
<b>Rumah Adat</b> : Rumah Panjang<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional</b> : Keris <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lagu Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Batanghari, Soleram, Injit-Injit Semut, Pinang Muda,
Selendang Mayang <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku :</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Batin, Kerinci, Penghulu, Pedah, Melayu, Jambi, Kubu, dan
Bajau<br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : </b>Jambi<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : GAMBUS (sumber bunyi : Kordofon, DIPETIK PADA
BAGIAN SENARNYA)</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">7.Provinsi <b>Sumatera Selatan (SUMSEL)</b>
Ibukota nya adalah <b>Palembang</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdiri </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: 14 Agustus 1960. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU No 3/1950 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pulau Sumatera ( 1ºLS-5ºLS dan 102º-107ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>BG</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 113.339,07 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Sutan Mahmud Badaruddin II / Talang Betutu <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pelabuhan Palembang <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Sutan Mahmud Badaruddin II <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Universitas Sriwijaya <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pempek Palembang, Tekwan, Burgo, Sate Pentul, Mie Celor <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Danau Ranau, Pulau Kemaro, Taman Purbakala Geding
Suryo, Gunung Dempo, Bukit Salero, Museum Timah, Pantai Matras, Pantai Tanjung
Kelayang, Pusat Tenun Songket, Kawah Tengkurep, Air Terjun Tenag,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">:<b> </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Piagam TalangTuo. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Prasasti Telaga Batu ( Prasasti Persumpahan ) yang berisikan kutukan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Taman Purbakala Gede Ing Symo, Komplek kuburan Islam abad pertengahan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Minyak bumi, Batubara, Pupuk, Polipropilen, Karet. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Tari Tanggai, Tari Putri Bekhusek<b><br />
Rumah Adat</b> : Rumah Limas<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional</b> : Keris <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lagu Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Cuk Mak Ilang, Dek Sangke, Gending Sriwijaya,
Kabile-bile, Tari Tanggai <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku : </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Melayu, Kikim, Semenda, Komering, Pasemah, Lintang, Pegagah,
Rawas, Sekak Rambang, Lembak, Kubu, Ogan, Penesek Gumay, Panukal, Bilida, Musi,
Rejang, dan Ranau <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pakaian Adat : </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Aisan Gede<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : ACCORDION (sumber bunyi : Aerofon, DENGAN
MENGGUNAKAN KEDUA TANGAN, TANGAN YANG SATU SEBAGAI PENGATUR ALUNAN SUARA
SEDANGKAN TANGAN YANG SATU LAGI SEBAGAI PENGATUR NADA)</b><br />
<b> Julukan : Kota Pempek </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">8.Provinsi <b>Bangka Belitung</b> <b>(BABEL)</b>
Ibukota nya adalah <b>Pangkal Pinang</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdiri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 9 Februari 2002 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU No.27/2000 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Sebelah Timur Pulau Sumatera ( 1ºLS-4ºLS dan 105º-109ºBT
) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>BN</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 81.724,74 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Depati Amir <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pelabuhan Mentok dan Toboali Bangka, Pangkal Balam(
Pelabuhan Utama ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Martabak Bangka, Kwetiau Bangka <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pantai Teluk Uber, Pantai Romondong, Pantai Penyusuk,
Pantai Air Anyer, Pemandian air panas Pemali, Gunung Maras, Hutan Wisata
Sungailiat, Pantai Matras, Pantai Tanjung Pesona, Pantai Parai Tenggiri, Pantai
Batu Bedaun, Pantai Rebo, Pantai Tikus, Pantai Layang,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Timah <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Tari Puteri Bekhusek<br />
<b>Rumah Adat</b> : Rumah Rakit, Rumah Limas<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional </b>: Siwar Kecil<br />
<b>Suku : </b>Bangka, Melayu, dan Tionghoa<br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : </b>Aisan Gede<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : GENDANG MELAYU (sumber bunyi : Membranofon ,DITEPUK
DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TELAPAK TANGAN )</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">9.Provinsi<b> Bengkulu</b> Ibukota
nya adalah <b>Bengkulu</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdiri </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: 18 November 1968. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU No.9/1967. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pulau Sumatera ( 2ºLS-6ºLS dan 101º-104ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>BD</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 72.078 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Padang Kemiling. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pulau Baai/Bengkulu. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Fatmawati Soekarno. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Universitas Bengkulu. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Oncong-oncong pisang. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Bunga Raflesia Raksasa, Pantai Nala dan Pantai Panjang,
Danau Dendam Tak Sudah, Danau Gadang, Pantai Pasir Putih, Bukit Gedang Seblat,
Pantai Jakat, Kaur Timur, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perkampungan Cina, Sungai Gunung
Saelan, Gua Sarang Butung Layang-layang Kedurang, Hutan Wisata Bukit Daun, Air
Terjun Kepala Curup, Gunung Emas, Pantai Muara, Gunung Nanu’ua, Bukit Kaba,
Pantai Linau, Suban Air Panas. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Makam Sentot Alibasa. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Benteng Marlborough. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Monumen Parr Dan Monumen Hamilton. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">:Emas dan Perak, Batubara, Industri Konstruksi. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Tari Andun, Tari Bidadari<br />
<b>Rumah Adat</b> : Rumah Rakyat<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional </b>: Keris <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lagu Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Lalan Belek<br />
<b>Suku : </b>Muko-muko, Pekal, Serawai, Pasemah, Enggano, Kaur, Rejang, dan
Lembak<br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : </b>Bengkulu<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : DOLL (sumber bunyi :Membranofon ,DIPUKUL DENGAN
MENGGUNAKAN ALAT PEMUKUL )</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">10.Provinsi <b>Lampung</b> Ibukota
nya adalah <b>Bandar Lampung</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdiri </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: 13 Februari 1964 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU No.14/1954 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pulau Sumatera ( 3ºLS-7ºLS dan 103º-106ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>BE</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 35.376,84 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Radin Inten ( Bandar Lampung ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Bakauheni & Panjang / Bandar Lampung <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Radin Inten II <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Universitas Lampung, IAIN Radin Inten <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Srawit Lampung, Punyeu Baung, Malbi Hati, Gulai Balak,
Gulai Taboh, Maksuba,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Way Kambas, Pulau Rejekwesi, Pulau Pasir, Pasir Putih,
Pantai Merak Belantung, Gunung Rajabasa, Pantai Wartawan ,Krakatau, Way
Belerang, Pulau Condong, Air Terjun Way Lalaan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Guci Purbakala Pugung Raharjo Lampung. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Komplek Megalitik Pugung Raharjo. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Makan Radin Intan II. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">4.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Prasasti Palas Paembah. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">5.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Prasasti Batu Bedil. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Emas, Pakaian Jadi, Sapi Potong, dan Pupuk. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Tari Jangget, Tari Melinting<br />
<b>Rumah Adat</b> : Rumah Rakyat<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional</b> :Badik <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku : </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pesisir, Pubian, Sungkai, Semenda, Seputih, Tulang Bawang,
Krui Abung, dan Pasemah<br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : </b>Tulang Bawang<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : BENDE (sumber bunyi :Ideofon , DIPUKUL DENGAN
MENGGUNAKAN ALAT PEMUKUL KHUSUS )</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">NAMA PROVINSI DI JAWA INDONESIA<br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--><i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">11.Provinsi <b>DKI Jakarta</b>
Ibukota nya adalah <b>Jakarta</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br />
<b>Berdiri</b> : 10 Februari 1965 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU No.1/1961 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pulau Jawa ( 6ºLS-7ºLS dan 106º-107ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>B</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 154,00 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Halim PerdanaKusumah. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Tanjung Priok. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : M.Husni Thamrin, Ismail Marzuki, Abdul Rahman Saleh, dll.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Universitas Indonesia (UI) Universitas Negeri Jakarta
(UNJ), <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Intitut Kesenian Jakarta (IKJ). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Kerak Telor, Ketoprak Betawi,Daging Asam, Talam
Ebi,NasiUlam, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Geplak Bakar Betawi, Dodol Betawi,
Tauge Goreng, Soto Betawi. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Taman Mini Indonesia Indah (TMII), Taman Impian Jaya
Ancol, Monumen Pancasila Sakti, Kepualauan Seribu, Gereja Katedral, Mesjid
Istiqlal, Pusat pertokoan modern di berbagai tempat, Monumen Satria Mandala,
Museum Wayang, Museum Bahari, Kebun Binatang Ragunan, Kota Lama, Tugu Monas,
Taman Ismail Marzuki, Planetarium,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Prasasti Tugu. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Si Jagur,meriam Portugis. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Bekas Balaikota Belanda, kini menjadi Museum Kota Jakarta. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Pupuk TSP, Tekstil, Pemintalan Benang, Mobil dan
Perakitan, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kayu Lapis, Farmasi, Susu,
Percetakan, Logam. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Tari Ronggeng, Tari Yapong<br />
<b>Rumah Adat </b>: Rumah Kebaya<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional</b> : Golok <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lagu Daerah </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">:Kicir-kicir, Jali-jali, Lenggang Kangkung, Keroncong Kemayoran,
Surilang, <br />
Terang Bulan,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku : </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Betawi<br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : </b>Abang dan None<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : TEHYAN (sumber bunyi : Kordofon ,DIGESEK DENGAN
ALAT KHUSUS PADA BAGIAN SENAR/ DAWAINYA SEPERTI MEMAINKAN BIOLA )</b><br />
<b>Julukan : Kota Metropolitan</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">12.Provinsi <b>Jawa Barat</b> <b>(JABAR)</b>
Ibukota nya adalah <b>Bandung</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdiri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 14 Juli 1950 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU No.11/1950 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pulau Jawa ( 5ºLS-8ºLS dan 106º-109ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>D (Bandung), T (Purwakarta), E (Cirebon), F
(Bogor),</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Z ( Daerah Timur Bandung,seperti
Sumedang), B (Bekasi)</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 3.266.559 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Husein Sastranegara Bandung <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pelabuhan Cirebon <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : R.Otto Iskandardinata, R.E. Martadinata, Dewi Sartika,dll
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Universitas Padjajaran (UNPAD), IPB (Institut Pertanian
Bogor) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Universitas Indonesia Depok (UI
Depok), Institut Teknologi Bandung ( ITB), STT Telkom, Unversitas Negeri
Bandung (IKIP). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Oncom, pepes, Sirpan, siomay Bandung, sate Bandeng, Daging
lapis, Pepes Ikan Majalaya, sayur asem,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Kebun Raya Bogor, Istana Presiden Bogor, Museum Zoologi,
Taman safari Indonesia, waduk Jatiluhur, Kawah Gunung Tangkuban Perahu,
Pangandaran,Cikepuh, Pelabuhan Ratu,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Candi Cangkuang (Garut). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Prasasti Kebon Kopi (Bogor). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Prasasti Muara Ciaruteun (Bogor). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">4.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Prasasti Pasir Alwi (Bogor). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">5.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Keraton Kasepuhan (Cirebon). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">6.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Keraton Kanoman (Cirebon). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">7.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Makam Sunan Gunung Jati (Cirebon). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">8.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Prasasti Batu Telapak Kaki Raja Tarumanegara, Purnawarman (Prasasti Cinten). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">:Minyak, Tekstil, Pabrik Teh, Susu, Sutra Alam, Baterai,
Kertas <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pupuk, Semen, Senjata, Alat
Telekomunikasi, Pesawat Terbang ,Batik, Tenun,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Tari Topeng Kuncaran, Tari Merak, Tari Jaipong<br />
<b>Rumah Adat</b> : Rumah Kasepuhan Cirebon<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional</b> : Kujang <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lagu Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> :Bubuy Bulan, Cing Cangkeling, Es Lilin, Karatagan
Pahlawan, Manuk Dadali, Panon Hideung, Peuyeum Bandung, Pileuleuyan, Tokecang<br />
<b>Suku : </b><i>3 suku besar yaitu Sunda (mayoritas), Betawi (wilayah Kota/kab
Bekasi, Depok, dan wilayah Utara kabupaten Bogor), Jawa Cirebon, Indramayu dsk.<br />
Juga Untuk banten Disana Ada suku Betawi yaitu berapa daerah di Tanggerang.</i><br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : </b>Jawa Barat<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : ANGKLUNG (sumber bunyi : Ideofon , DI GETARKAN
DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TANGAN)</b><br />
<b>Julukan : Kota Kembang / Paris Van Java</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">13.Provinsi<b> Banten</b> Ibukota
nya adalah <b>Serang</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdiri </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: 17 Oktober 2000 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU.No.23/2000 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pulau Jawa ( 5ºLS-8ºLS dan 105º-107ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>A (Banten), B (Tangerang)</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 8.800,83 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Soekarno Hatta (Soetta) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Merak <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Pangeran Purbaya,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa,Universitas Islam
Negeri (UIN) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Bubur Ayam Banten, Angeun Lada,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon, Panter Anyer, Gunung
Krakatau, Pulau Shangyang, Pulau Sabesi, Tanjung Lesung, Situs Arkeologi Banten
lama,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Prasasti Lebak (Banten Selatan). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Benteng Inong Bale (Benten). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Benteng Surasoan (Banten). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Minyak, Baja, Pipa Asbes, Semen, Sentra Aneka Industri
(Tangerang). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Tari Topeng<br />
<b>Rumah Adat</b> : Rumah Badui<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional</b> : Kujang dan Golok <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lagu Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Dayung Sampan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku :</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Baduy, Sunda, dan Banten<br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : </b>Pakaian Pengantin<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : GENDANG (sumber bunyi : Membranofon , DITEPUK
DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TELAPAK TANGAN)</b><br />
<b> Julukan : Kota Santri</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"></span><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">14.Provinsi<b> Jawa Tengah</b> <b>(JATENG)
</b>Ibukota nya adalah <b>Semarang</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdiri </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: 4 Juli 1950 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU.No.70/1950 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pulau Jawa ( 6ºLS-9ºLS dan 108º-112ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> :<b> H (Semarang), AD (Surakarta), AA (Eks Karisidenan
Kedu)</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">G (Pekalongan), K (Pati), R
(Banyumas)</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 34.966 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Ahmad Yani (Semarang) dan Adi Sumarno (Solo). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Tanjung Mas (Semarang) dan Cilacap. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Nyi Ageng Serang, Kyai Haji Samanhudi, R.A.Kartini,
Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo, Mgr.A.Sugiyopranoto Sj, Prof.DR.Suharso,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Universitas Diponegoro (UNDIP), Universitas Jendral
Soedirman, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Universitas Sebelas Maret, IAIN Wali
Songo, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Sekolah Tinggi Seni Indonesia (STSI) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Lumpia, Ampyang, Nasi Kuning Banjar, Nasi Gandul,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Candi Borobudur, Gunung Dieng, Mesjid Demak, Batu Raden,
Curug Bekawah,Air terjun Grojogan Sewu, Museum Sangiran, Museum Kereta Api
Ambarawa,Museum Batik, Telogo Warno, Makam Sunan Kudus, Waguk Gajah Mungkur,
Pantai Logending, Monumen Palagan Ambarawa, Makam R.A.Kartini, Menara Kudus,
Makam Sunan Kudus, Goa Jatijajar, Pantai Pedaten, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pantai karang Bolong, Tawang
Mangu,Waduk Sempor,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Prasasti Canggal (Magelang) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Candi Gedongsongo (Semarang) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Candi Ngawen, Candi Borobudur, Candi Sari, Candi Pawon, Candi Mendut, Candi
Sewu (Magelang) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">4. </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Candi Dieng ( Dieng) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Semen, Pupuk, Kertas, Tekstil, Batik, Tenun, Pemintalan
Benang, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Karung Goni, Kayu Lapis,
Perkapalan,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">:Tari Bambangan Cakil, Tari Gandrung, Tari Sintren.<br />
<b>Rumah Adat</b> : Padepokan Jawa Tengah.<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional</b> : Keris. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lagu Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Gambang Suling, Gek Kepriye, Gundul Pacul, Ilir-ilir,
Jamuran, Bapak Pucung, Yen Ing Tawang Ono Lintang, Stasiun Balapan.<br />
<b>Suku : </b>Jawa, Karimun, dan Samin.<br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : </b>Jawa<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : GAMELAN (sumber bunyi : Ideofon , DIPUKUL DENGAN</b><br />
<b>MENGGUNAKAN PEMUKUL KHUSUS)</b><br />
<b>Julukan : Kota Lumpia / Kota Jamu </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">15.Provinsi <b>Daerah Istimewa (DI)
Yogyakarta</b> Ibukota nya adalah <b>Yogyakarta</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdiri </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: 4 Maret 1950 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: UU.No.3/1950 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pulau Jawa ( 7ºLS-9ºLS dan 110º-111ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>AB</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 3.142 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Adisucipto <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pangeran Diponegoro, Sultan Agung Hanyokrokusumo, Ki
Hajar Dewantara, Dr.Wahidin Sudiro Husodo, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX,
Pangeran Mangkubumi (Hamengkubuwono I). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Universitas Gajah Mada (UGM), Universitas Negeri
Yogyakarta <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">(IKIP Yogyakarta), Institut Seni
Indonesia(ISI), IAIN Sunan Kalijaga. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Bapia, Gudeg Jogja, Geplak Bantul, Ayam Bakar
Kalasan,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Keraton Jogjakarta, Pantai Parang Tritis, Istana Air
Taman Sari, Pantai Baron, Pantai Krakal, Pantai Kukup,Goa Kiskendo, Kota Gede,
Kali Urang, Candi Prambanan, Monumen Pangeran Diponegoro (Sasana Wiratama),
Waduk semo, dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Candi Kalasan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Candi Prambanan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Candi Parwa. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">4.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Petilasan Ratu Boko. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">5.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Prasasti Kalasan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">6.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Keraton Jogjakarta. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">7.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Keraton Paku Alam. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">8.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Tempat tinggal Pangeran Diponegoro yang dijadikan Sasana Wiratama. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Tekstil, Batik, Bahan Mori, Rokok/Cerutu, Emas dan Perak, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Percetakan dan Kosmetik. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Tari Serimpi Sangupati, Tari Bedaya.<br />
<b>Rumah Adat </b>: Bangsal Kencono Dan Rumah Joglo.<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional </b>: Keris. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lagu Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pitik Tukung, Sinom, Suwe Ora Jamu, Te Kate Dipanah. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku : </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Jawa.<br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : </b>Jogjakarta<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : GENDANG (sumber bunyi : Ideofon , DITEPUK DENGAN
MENGGUNAKAN TELAPAK TANGAN)</b><br />
<b>Julukan : Kota gudeg, kota pelajar, kota Seni dan Budaya</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; text-decoration: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_18" o:spid="_x0000_i1051"
type="#_x0000_t75" alt="clip_image019"
href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj00TBUiYUrSlHE2k7UPw3_ePx7UEjJQsEtJjZMrAai5NSV3VIWZPv2RiC7ablztdBQ7DMytmu7eqkqYW0rBQQaxTXXiz3yuJYrC3cJ56B1-B2FXUscy_zCPR0ZDMUoqYNf4McEyxMTRICK/s1600/di+yogyakarta.jpg"
style='width:183pt;height:138pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'
o:button="t">
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<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\FADHIL~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image017.jpg"
o:title="clip_image019"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"></span><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">16.Provinsi <b>Jawa Timur</b> <b>(JATIM)
</b>Ibukota nya adalah <b>Surabaya</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdiri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 4 Maret 1950 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU.No.2/1950 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pulau Jawa ( 6ºLS-9ºLS dan 110º-115ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>L (Surabaya), AE (Madiun), AG (Kediri),
M(Madura/Bangkalan),</b> <b>N (Malang), S (Bojonegoro), W(area Surabaya), P
(Besuki)</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 47.921,98 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Juanda (Surabaya), Abdul Rahman Saleh (Malang), Iswahyudi
(Madiun). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Tanjung Perak (Surabaya). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : KH.Wahid Hasyim, Hos Cokroaminoto, Marsda TNI Anumerta
Halim PerdanaKusumah,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Universitas Airlangga, Universitas Negeri Surabaya,
Universitas <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Brawijaya, Universitas Negeri
Malang, Institut Teknologi Surabaya (ITS), IAIN Sunan Ampel. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Semanggi, Rujak Cingur, Bakso Malang, Tahu Campur
Lamongan, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pecel Tumpang Kediri, Japit Udang
Madura, Kue Lapis Surabaya ,Soto Madura, Sate Ayam Madura,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Gunung Kawi, Ai Terjun Sedudo, Makam Proklamator RI di
Blitar, Karapan Sapi Di Pamekasan, Kawah dan Gunung Bromo, Pantai Prigi, Museum
Trowulan, Pantai Pasir Putih Slopeng, Tretes Baluran, Kali Klatak,Taman Candra
Walwatikta,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Candi Kidal, Candi Jago, Candi tikus, Candi Jawi, Candi
Brahu, Candi Jabung, Candi Singosari, Makam Sunan Giri, Makam Sunan Ampel,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Semen, Perkapalan, Kertas, Pupuk, Baterai, Gelas Kaca,
Alkohol, Kayu Lapis, Kereta Api, Garam, Percetakan, Rokok,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Tari Remong, Tari Reog Ponorogo.<br />
<b>Rumah Adat </b>: Rumah Situbondo.<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional</b> : Clurit. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lagu Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Keraban Sape, Tanduk Majeng.<br />
<b>Suku : </b>Jawa, Madura, Tengger, dan Osing. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pakaian Adat : </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Madura<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : BONANG (sumber bunyi : Ideofon , DIPUKUL DENGAN
MENGGUNAKAN PEMUKUL KHUSUS)</b><br />
<b>Julukan : Kota Pahlawan </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; text-decoration: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_19" o:spid="_x0000_i1050"
type="#_x0000_t75" alt="clip_image020"
href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgejqDb9SaXR5eqQS4XG06NJKWlhrmREkdj_8Q3rw9jDGov5cftcfe_izzA_O_R3NuJpuIC_9VIgq7ZZTDH8tjPOoOyK3Ad8pfCvr04pclY59Jt-eACQUuvBM060eGC9iPHkyl-EHVzZQcQ/s1600/jatim.jpg"
style='width:183pt;height:138pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'
o:button="t">
<v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t"/>
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o:title="clip_image020"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"></span><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">NAMA PROVINSI DI NUSA TENGGARA DAN
BALI INDONESIA</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; text-decoration: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_20" o:spid="_x0000_i1049"
type="#_x0000_t75" alt="clip_image021"
href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ3HQoDR0PoJhnIVSiM9egnYYtmgSv5bHcNxtveBQqJkrRfz0IDpdiJDqRiBT-jIr1RcXtdOT4DGFMqTDrrPYUzc4WdCpM8U3rgN357kqmxwA7xdvEkKW1r2NahJUnxP5kWyEUihv-yyK8/s1600/kepulauan+bali17.GIF"
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</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"></span><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">17.Provinsi <b>Bali</b> Ibukota nya
adalah <b>Denpasar</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br />
<b>Berdiri </b>: 14 Agustus 1958 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU.No.84/1958 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pulau Bali ( 8ºLS-9ºLS dan 114º-116ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>DK</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: 563.286 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Ngurah Rai. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Gilimanuk dan Buleleng (Singaraja). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : I Gusti Ngurah Rai, I Gusti Ketut Jelantik. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Universitas Udayana. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Be’siap Base Palaleh, Sate Be’Sampe, Zukut Undis, Ayam
Bakar Betutu, Jukut Urap, Serapah Daging, Kenus Mebase,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pantai Kuta, Pantai Sanur, Pura Tanah Lot, Pura Taman
Ayun, Pura Goa Lawah, Pura Luwur Uliuwatu, Pura Bekasih, Pura Bukit Gajah,
Pantai Jungut,Ubud, Trunyam, Werdi Budaya,Museum Bali, Desa Penelokan, Desa
Kintamani, Desa Kamasan, Danau Batur, Bedugul, Istana Tampak Siring, Art Centre
Abain Kapas, Pantai Lovina, Mandaa Wisata Mengwi, Museum Le Mayeur,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br />
Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Benteng Jagaraga. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Monumen Padang Galah. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Pura Luwur Uluwatu. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">4.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Pura Taman Ayun. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">5.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Keraton Raja Klungkung. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Tenun dan Industri Pariwisata. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">TarianTradisional</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Tari Legong, Tari Kecak, Tari Pendet.<br />
<b>Rumah Adat</b> : Rumah Gapura Candi Bentar.<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional </b>: Keris. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lagu Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Mejangeran, Ratu Anom. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku : </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bali Aga dan Bali Majapahit.<br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : </b>Payas Agung<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : CENGCENG (sumber bunyi : Ideofon , DILETAKKAN DI
KEDUA TELAPAK TANGAN KEMUDIAN DITEPUK SEHINGGA SALING BERBENTURAN DAN
MENGELUARKAN SUARA)</b><br />
<b>Julukan : Pulau Dewata</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /><br />
</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">18.Provinsi <b>Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB)</b> Ibukota nya adalah<b> Mataram</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdiri </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: 14 Agustus 1958 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU.No.64/1968 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara ( 8ºLS-10ºLS dan 115º-120ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>DR (Lombok), EA (Sumbawa)</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 20.153,15 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Selaparang. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Ampenan/Mataram. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Universitas Mataram. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Gecak Sape, Ayam Taliwang,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Istana Sultan Bima, Gili Meno, Pusa Lingsar, Suranadi,
Pulau Moyo, Danau Lebok Taliwang, Pura Meru, Pantai Sira, Pantai Senggigi, Batu
Bolong, Gunung Pengsong, Dalam Loka Taman Maruya, Gunung Tambora, Liang
Petang,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Pura Meru, peninggalan Kerajaan Singosari dibangun oleh Anak Agung Gede Karang
pada tahun 1720 masehi. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Dalam Loka, bekas Keraton Sumbawa. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Istana Sultan Bima, peninggalan dari Kesultanan Bima. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Emas, Perak, dan Mangan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Tari Mpaa Lenggogo, Tari Batunganga<br />
<b>Rumah Adat </b>: Rumah Istana Sultan Sumbawa<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional</b> : Keris <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lagu Daerah </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Helele U Ala De Teang, Moree, Orlen-Orlen, Pai Mura Rame,
Tebe Onana, Tutu Koda <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku : </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bali, Sasak, Samawa, Mata, Dongo, Kore, Mbojo, Dompu, Tarlawi,
dan Sumba<br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : </b>Sumbawa<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : SERUNAI (sumber bunyi : Areofon , DITIUP SAMBIL
MEMAINKAN NADA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN JARI PADA LUBANG-LUBANGNYA)</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">19.Provinsi <b>Nusa Tenggara Timur</b>
<b>(NTT)</b> Ibukota nya adalah<b> Kupang</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdiri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 14 Agustus 1958 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU.No.64/1968 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara ( 8ºLS-11ºLS dan 118º-126ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>ED (Sumba), EB (Flores)</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 47.349,9 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : El Tari. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pelabuhan Kupang. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Izaac Huru duko,Welhelmus Zakarias Yohannes. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Universitas Nusa Cendana. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Gecak Sape,Petepah Manuk, dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Taman Nasional Pulau Komodo, Danau Tiga warna Kelimutu,
Pantai Lasiana, Camlong, Desa Tradisional Mentangi,Pulau Sumba, Museum Kupang,
Rumah Pembuangan Bung Karno, Desa Nita dan Koting,Museum Ledalero,Waiawa, dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Rumah Tempat Pembuangan Bung Karno. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Semen Kupang, Mangan, Minyak Cendana. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">TarianTradisional</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Tari Perang, Tari Gareng Lameng<br />
<b>Rumah Adat</b> : Rumah Musalaki<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional</b> : Sundu <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lagu Daerah </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">:Anak Kambing Saya, Oras Loro Malirin, Sonbilo, Tebe Onana,
Ofalangga, Do Hawu, Bolelebo, Lewo Ro Piring Sina, Bengu Re Le Kaju, Aku
Retang, Gaila Ruma Radha, Desaku, Flobamora, Potong Bebek Angsa <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku : </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sabu, Sumba, Rote, Kedang, Helong, Dawan, Tatum, Melus,
Bima, Alor, Lie, Kemak, Lamaholot, Sikka, Manggarai, Krowe, Ende, Bajawa, Nage,
Riung, dan Flores<br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : </b>Nusa Tenggara Timur<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : SASANDO (sumber bunyi : Chordofon , DIPETIK DENGAN
MENGGUNAKAN JARI PADA SENARNYA)</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; text-decoration: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_25" o:spid="_x0000_i1044"
type="#_x0000_t75" alt="clip_image026"
href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhC9nzIjayza_ZekA9KBhUQ7tlh7awhfGg9s7igpDqgLST_E_6c6DyonUzDSWTfM3B3gfHk6_VYusAs8MOET-Cj626L0IpOgiVcmgDCVVz4o0JwmjLlh5yjm6349GyrzJQeT7hkd8gLexSZ/s1600/ntt.jpg"
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o:title="clip_image026"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"></span><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">NAMA PROVINSI DI KALIMANTAN
INDONESIA</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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type="#_x0000_t75" alt="clip_image027"
href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNJuR_q7HkV8w8eiOOBIbfYpYLQqcnOtHUkhm3PpGbv25wZ2yuDVvqilXspgzX2F6f2OIglI9Ro5zilzOM_w5huUNsQWl1uvCscOVbpFIAZa5CvUURU8lGjNpukZi8AtzAwZC7ZEfwqlF1/s1600/kalimantan+island20-23.GIF"
style='width:183pt;height:157.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'
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o:title="clip_image027"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"></span><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">20.Provinsi <b>Kalimantan Barat</b> <b>(KALBAR)
</b>Ibukota nya adalah <b>Pontianak</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br />
<b>Berdiri </b>: 17 Desember 1956 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU.No.25/1956 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pulau Kalimantan ( 2ºLU-3ºLS dan 108º-114ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>KB</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 146.807 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Supadio. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pelabuhan Pontianak. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Abdul Kadir Raden Temenggung Setia Pahlawan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Universitas Tanjung Pura. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Kue Limpin, Mesbah Ubi Singkong, Lapis Susu, dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Rumah Panjang,Danau Sebedang, Pantai Pasir Panjang,
Keraton Sambas, Monumen Mandor, Keraton Mempawah, Gunung Berangin, Bukit
Tukung, Pantai Penimbangan,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Guci Berhias Naga, kurang lebih abad ke V, menunjukkan adanya pengaruh Cina di
Kalimantan Barat. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Keraton Mempawah, peninggalan Kerajaan Mempawah. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Keraton Sambas, Peningalan Kerajaan Sambas. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Bauksit, Intan, Industri konstruksi, Minyak Kelapa, Rotan,
Karet. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Tari Monong, Tari Zapin Tembung.<br />
<b>Rumah Adat </b>: Rumah Istana Kesultanan Pontianak.<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional</b> : Mandau.<i> </i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lagu Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Cik-Cik Periuk, Cak Uncang, Batu Ballah, Alok Galing,
Tandak Sambas, Sungai Sambas Kebanjiran, Alon-Alon. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku :</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Kayau, Ulu Aer, Mbaluh, Manyuke, Skadau, Melayu-Pontianak,
Punau, Ngaju, dan Mbaluh<br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : </b>Perang<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : TUMA (sumber bunyi : Membranofon , DITEPUK DENGAN
MENGGUNAKAN TELAPAK TANGAN)</b><br />
<b>Julukan : Kota Katulistiwa </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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type="#_x0000_t75" alt="clip_image028"
href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzrOdNDNk0mytGjHLCy6B-51oJLfSQF0K-cBHnp24czmvh3dNdrcOv6FQftCy4yN754gG5RpjY9HVHq7zkQm5uQ2o7WV6_0d2RKSbHN-yqsgJ6KUxnXZZfn8vvyNuPpViSEJLLEu73G4E2/s1600/kalbar.jpg"
style='width:183pt;height:138pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'
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o:title="clip_image028"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"></span><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">21.Provinsi <b>Kalimantan Tengah
(KALTENG)</b> Ibukota nya adalah <b>Palangkaraya</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdiri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 2 Juli 1958 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU.No.21/1958 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pulau Kalimantan ( 1ºLU-4ºLS dan 110º-116ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>KH</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 153.800 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Tjilik Riwut. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pangkalan Bun. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Tjilik Riwut. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Universitas Palangkaraya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Kalo-kalo. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pantai Kumai, Pelabuhan Kareng Bengkirai, Taman Alam
Unpar, Taman Nasional Tanjung Puting, Museum Kalimantan Tengah, Bukit Rawi,
Bukit Batu Tangkiling,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Barang Kelontong, Minyak Kelapa, Karet ,Rotan, Minyak
Bumi, Intan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Tari Balean Dadas, Tari Tambun & Bungai<br />
<b>Rumah Adat</b> : Rumah Betang<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional</b> : Mandau <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lagu Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Kalayar <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku :</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Kapuas, Ot Danum, Ngaju, Lawangan, Dusun, Maanyan, dan
Katingan<br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : </b>Sinjang ( Barito )<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : JAPEN (sumber bunyi : Kordofon , DIPETIK PADA
BAGIAN SENARNYA)</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; text-decoration: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_28" o:spid="_x0000_i1041"
type="#_x0000_t75" alt="clip_image029"
href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg45pyv1FoDkLidUnxO1hASSewNjbACUAxBEePqIcuA9d_vg7B03DWaCkrQGGQ2Bm1CfPp85v7f2uUrxxhs1DujSPdrXX-y-tfy4JlNwHWZySxtIXHdBgLUtd4R8jsYAaZ9gHDQ_2ZyrIX3/s1600/kalteng.jpg"
style='width:183pt;height:138pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'
o:button="t">
<v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t"/>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\FADHIL~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image031.jpg"
o:title="clip_image029"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"></span><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">22.Provinsi <b>Kalimantan Selatan</b>
<b>(KALSEL) </b>Ibukota nya adalah <b>Banjarmasin</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdiri </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: 7 Desember 1956 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU.No.25/1956 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pulau Kalimantan ( 1ºLS-5ºLS dan 114º-117ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: <b>DA</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 37.377,53 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Syamsudin Noor. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pelabuhan Banjarmasin. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pangeran Antasari, Brigjen TNI(Purn) Hasan Basry. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Ayam masak hijau, Buah Jinggah, Masak Habang, Amaparan
Tatak pisang, Sambal Goreng Bawak Serentak,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Lok Sado, Goa Kelelawar, Sungai Cuka, Air Terjun Batu
Kura (Bajuni), Pantai Takasiung, Pulau Kaget, Sungai Barito, Goa Hapu Air
Terjun Haratai,Goa Beramban, Goa Batu Bini, Pantai Batakan, Museum Banjar
Lambung Mangkurat. Taksi Air dan Pasang Terapung, dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Mesjid Sultan Sriansyah, Mesjid pertama di Kalimantan Timur. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Candi Ijo. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Makanm Sultan Sriansyah (Pangeran Samudra) pendiri kotaBanjarmasin. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Batubara, Intan, Bijih Besi, Kerajinan dari Rotan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Tari Baksa Kembang, Tari Radap Rahayu.<br />
<b>Rumah Adat</b> : Rumah Banjar Bubungan Tinggi.<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional</b> : Keris. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lagu Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> :Ampar-Ampar Pisang, Paris Barantai, Saputangan Bapuncu
Ampat. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku :</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Ngaju, Laut, Maamyan, Bukit, Dusun, Deyah, Balangan, Aba,
Melayu, Banjar, dan Dayak.<br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : </b>Banjar<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : PANTING (sumber bunyi : Kordofon , DIPETIK PADA
BAGIAN SENARNYA)</b><br />
<b>Julukan : Kota Seribu Sungai </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; text-decoration: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_29" o:spid="_x0000_i1040"
type="#_x0000_t75" alt="clip_image030"
href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXx67WN-Kap2kBuNDG3MwjzkqJwyyYeO_pvMPa8lInT_tuijx-1cZeAJypJ-QuOmBTft8PfcDIag23oVZNoN0KHXCQIEPPGzSJ1HKCludYYn4pe3oiJQ7bGdjWTwXEO4TxGhwk4Mb2aKZj/s1600/kalsel.jpg"
style='width:183pt;height:138pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'
o:button="t">
<v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t"/>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\FADHIL~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image032.jpg"
o:title="clip_image030"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"></span><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">23.Provinsi <b>Kalimantan Timur</b> <b>(KALTIM)
</b>Ibukota nya adalah <b>Samarinda</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdiri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 7 Desember 1956 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU.No.25/1956 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pulau Kalimantan ( 1ºLU-3ºLS dan 113º-120ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>KT</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 211.440 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Temindung (Samarinda) , Sepinggan (Balikpapan). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pelabuhan Samarinda. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Universitas Mulawarman. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Sanga Cobek Salat, Petah, Ayam Cincane,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Manggar Besar, Tanjung Isuy, Tanag Grogot, Tanah Merah,
dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Keraton Kerajaan Kutai Kertanegara. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Prasasti Muara Kanan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Prasasti Mulawarman dari Kerajaan Kutai Kertanegara yang menggunakan huruf
Pallawa tahun 400 masehi. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Kayu Lapis, Gas Alam Cair, Minyak Bumi, Tenun, Kristal,
Timah. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Tari Perang, Tari Gong.<br />
<b>Rumah Adat</b> : Rumah Lamin.<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional </b>: Mandau. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lagu Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Indung-Indung. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku :</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Ngaju, Otdanum, Apokayan,Punan, Murut, Dayak, Kutai, Kayan,
Punan, dan Bugis.<br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : </b>Urang Besunung<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : SAMPE (sumber bunyi : Kordofon , DIPETIK PADA
BAGIAN SENARNYA)</b><br />
<b>Julukan : Kota Tepian </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; text-decoration: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_30" o:spid="_x0000_i1039"
type="#_x0000_t75" alt="clip_image031"
href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLQVn2rSBNzz7bFQYl9vbZqwodPxwnr8icrpKK1RxtU5ZPdNJMNPWQwU7Lqhs_UOWgc86Sry4HCPrXCTalqY_wlmMJ7Jt32EaMlgFVxlm2Kjz2xie_ANuSghyphenhyphenei6IQH4up3c2Y9daS7M0F/s1600/kaltim.jpg"
style='width:183pt;height:138pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'
o:button="t">
<v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t"/>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\FADHIL~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image033.jpg"
o:title="clip_image031"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"></span><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">NAMA PROVINSI DI SULAWESI INDONESIA</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2uSV2HyPr6YWOSAi-uDIUef-vaTF-DOtHV7FS6DB408oFsyC-N3oDMcVCBJE4nyMCFKgpxLn-3gAaPurD6HsDsCa-diH4A1VPToJfQua9rRIqCZqnp3gPMW1ZxJZmGHyCFIAhfuG7HP80/s1600/sulawesi+island24-29.GIF"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; text-decoration: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_31" o:spid="_x0000_i1038"
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">24.Provinsi <b>Sulawesi Utara</b> <b>(SULUT)
</b>Ibukota nya adalah <b>Manado</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br />
<b>Berdiri</b> : 13 desember 1960 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU.No.47/1960 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pulau Sulawesi ( 0ºLU-6ºLU dan 120º-128ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>DM (Sulut), DB (Minahasa), DL (Sangihe Talaud)</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 25.768 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Sam Ratulangi. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pelabuhan Manado. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Dr.G.S.S.J.Ratulangi, Maria Walanda Maramis, Robert
Wolter Mongisidi, Arie Frederik Lasut. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Universitas Sam Ratulangi. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Ayam Rica-Rica, Bubur Manado/Bubur Tinutuan, Ayam Garo
rica, Tuturuga, Cakalang Pampis, Daging Rica-Rica, woku Belanga, Lalampa, Binte
Bilihuta, dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Bunaken, Taman Laut Teluk Liang, Pantai Indah Gorontalo,
Taman Wisata remboken, Kelenteng Ban Hiang Kiong, Tasik Ria, Museum Provinsi
Sulawesi Utara, Pantai Kema, Manado Tua, Siladen, dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Makam Kyai Maja. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Makam Pahlawan Nasional Imam Bonjol. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Minyak Kelapa, Emas, Marmer, Mangan, Gips, Kayu, dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Tari Maengket, Tari Polo-Palo<br />
<b>Rumah Adat</b> : Rumah Pewaris<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional</b> : Keris <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lagu Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Esa Mokan, O Ina Ni Keke, Si Patokaan, Sitara Tillo <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku : </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Minahasa, Bolaang Mangondow, Sangiher Talaud, Gorontalo,
Sangir, Ternate, Togite, Morotai, Loda, Halmahera, Tidore, dan Obi<br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : </b>Minahasa<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : KOLINTANG (sumber bunyi : Ideofon , DIPUKUL DENGAN
MENGGUNAKAN PEMUKUL KHUSUS)</b><br />
<b>Julukan : Kota Tinutuan </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">25.Provinsi <b>Sulawesi Barat
(SULBAR)</b> Ibukota nya adalah <b>Kota Mamuju</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdiri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 5 Oktober 2004 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU.No.26/2004 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pulau Sulawesi ( 0ºLS-3ºLS dan 118º-120ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 16.796,19 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Tanpa Pandang <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pemandian Air Panas di Kalumpang, Anjoro Pitu, Sumur
Jodoh dan Taman Laut di Pulau Karampung, Tapandulu dan Arelle di Mamasa, Pasir
Putih di kabupaten Polman, air Terjun Sapi di Mamuju, Padi Tammanurung
Kalumpang,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Bijih Besi, Nikel, Tembaga, Timah Hitam, Gips,Semen
dan Industri Kecil Lainnya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Tari Patuddu, Tari Kondo Sapata, Tari Kipas.<br />
<b>Rumah Adat</b> : Rumah Tongkonan<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional </b>:Tombak <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lagu Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Bulu Londong, Malluya, Io-Io, Ma'pararuk <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku :</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Mandar, Mamuju, Bugis, dan Mamasa<br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : </b>Sulawesi Barat<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : KECAPI (sumber bunyi : Kordofon , DIPETIK PADA
BAGIAN SENARNYA)</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">26.Provinsi <b>Sulawesi Tengah
(SULTENG)</b> Ibukota nya adalah <b>Palu</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdiri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 13 April 1964 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU.No.13/1964 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Pulau Sulawesi ( 2ºLU-4ºLS dan 119º-125ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>DN</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 68.033 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Mutiara. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pelabuhan Donggala. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Universitas Tadulako. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Kaledo. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Danau Poso, Goa Pamona, Tentena, Bada Napu, Sumber Air
Panas Bora, Air Terjun wena, Kuwali, dll.<b> </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Emas, Bijih Besi, Nikel, Mika. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Tari Lumense, Tari Pule Cinde, Tari Torompio,Tari Dero
Poso<br />
<b>Rumah Adat</b> : Rumah Tambi<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional</b> : Pasatimpo <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lagu Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Tondok Kadadingku, Tope Gugu <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku : </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Buol, Toli-toli, Tomini, Dompelas, Kaili, Kulawi, Lore,
Pamona, Suluan, Mori, Bungku, Balantak, Banggai, dan Balatar<br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : </b>Kulavi ( Donggala ) <br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : GANDA (sumber bunyi : Membranofon , DITEPUK DENGAN
MENGGUNAKAN TELAPAK TANGAN)</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; text-decoration: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_34" o:spid="_x0000_i1035"
type="#_x0000_t75" alt="clip_image035"
href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK4gYrOm7arwbL8qI1FIUPU-NkOx0YZxUQXUQ6AOghoBpRvWVbjbfQqel6EV1A8rjRhu1HlqUiFuEc61lCHzBJmYnlNcmUEQVRje0-jPbtPLokiXI5mS95XGksKVkdeVMXJXUezi_x1LOq/s1600/sulteng.jpg"
style='width:183pt;height:138pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'
o:button="t">
<v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t"/>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\FADHIL~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image038.jpg"
o:title="clip_image035"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"></span><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">27.Provinsi <b>Sulawesi Tenggara
(SULTRA)</b> Ibukota nya adalah <b>Kendari</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdiri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 27 April 1964 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU.No.13/1964 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pulau Sulawesi ( 2ºLS-7ºLS dan 120º-125ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>DM</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 38.140 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Wolter Mongisidi. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pelabuhan Kendari. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Halu Oleo. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Sasate Nangka,dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Tanjung Amolengo, Suaka Margasatwa di Tanjung Peropa,
Rawa Aopa, Pemandian Air Laut Kendari, Air Terjun di Kendari, Cagar Alam
Kayu Jati di Napabale, Air Terjun di Kolaka, Panorama Motonu No, Cagar Alam
Kayu Kuku, Pemandian Air Laut Mayaria Kasilampe,Pantai Nirwana, Air Terjun di
Biton, dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Keraton Sultan Buton. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Kelontong, Nikel, Minyak Kelapa, Aspal, Kapur, dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Tari Dinggu, Tari Balumpa, Tari Lumense, Tari Manguru<br />
<b>Rumah Adat</b> : Rumah Istana Buton<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional </b>: Keris <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lagu Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Peia Tawa-Tawa <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku : </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mapute, Mekongga, Landawe, Tolaiwiw, Tolaki, Kabaina,
Butung, Muna, Bungku, Buton, Muna, Wolio, dan Bugis<br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : </b>Babung Ginasamani<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : LADOLADO (sumber bunyi : Ideofon , DIPUKUL DENGAN
MENGGUNAKAN PEMUKUL KHUSUS)</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; text-decoration: none;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_35" o:spid="_x0000_i1034"
type="#_x0000_t75" alt="clip_image036"
href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlJjh6RVwO-9G8-AxsZfsbNDefC7us800KhiVmoh6wlVAva0KMJpwT2HS2LdcYZX_b4xq3NfWDZIhp-jcm2rSSNLS7jQBcHt4pxFuBmkbk2Kxt4pNhqpu_wPxoAJQud4d6GK5ttESVmHsy/s1600/sultra.jpg"
style='width:183pt;height:138pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'
o:button="t">
<v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t"/>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\FADHIL~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image039.jpg"
o:title="clip_image036"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"></span><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">28.Provinsi <b>Sulawesi Selatan
(SULSEL)</b> Ibukota nya adalah <b>Makassar</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdiri </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: 13 Desember 1960 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU.No.47/1960 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Pulau Sulawesi ( 0ºLS-8ºLS dan 118º-122ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: <b>DD</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 62.482,54 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Hasanuddin. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pelabuhan Ujung Pandang. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Sultan Hasauddin, Syeikh Yusuf Tajul Khalwati, dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Universitas Hasanuddin, Universitas Negeroi Makassar. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Coto Makassar, Palu Konro, Palu Basa, Nasu Likku, sop
Konro, Baronang Bakar, Kapurung, Pallu Mara Cakalang, Barobbo, Barongko, dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Makam Pahlawan Diponegoro, Makam Raja-Raja Talo, Benteng
Ujung Pandang, Pulau Kayangan, Sungguminasa, Taman Anggrek. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Keraton Raja Gowa. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Mesjid katangka. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Makam Raja-Raja Bugis Watang Lamuru. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">4.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Benteng Sombaupu. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Kimia, Kertas, Logam, Bahan Makanan, Pakaian Jadi, Gips,
Tembaga, Semen, Minyak, Nikel, Batubara, Percetakan, dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Tari Bosara, Tari Kipas.<br />
<b>Rumah Adat</b> : Rumah Tongkonan.<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional</b> : Badik. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lagu Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Angin Mamiri, Pakarena, Sulawesi Parasanganta, Ma
Rencong. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku :</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Mandar, Bugis, Toraja, Sa’dan, Bugis, dan Makassar.<br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : </b>Toraja<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : KESO-KESO (sumber bunyi : Chordofon , DIGESEK PADA
BAGIAN SENAR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ALAT KHUSUS)</b><br />
<b>Julukan : Kota Daeng </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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type="#_x0000_t75" alt="clip_image037"
href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqmMVe5kZdxo49kj8HLMvMw38VvkbBLOGB4mqnEWgcC5vNBc5uIEP-txqZJQJUfypAP1CtBFoJBo3E7erqix1Rnv2yOi4k1G7L1ec1mn9h1SCSyNrN4urF7QpX1D363U3-GmZ4lmQjd1Yw/s1600/sulsel.jpg"
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o:title="clip_image037"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"></span><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">29.Provinsi <b>Gorontalo</b> Ibukota
nya adalah <b>Gorontalo</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdiri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 15 Februari 2001 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU.No.2/1999 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pulau Sulawesi ( 0ºLU-1ºLU dan 120º-124ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>DB</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 10.804 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Jalaludin. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pelabuhan Gorontalo. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Hi Nani wartabone. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Ayam Panggang llolabu. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Emas, Tembaga, Tekstil, Makanan, Kayu, dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Tari Paule Cinde, Tari Polo Palo.<br />
<b>Rumah Adat </b>: Rumah Dulohupa dan Rumah Pewaris.<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional</b> :Badik <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lagu Daerah </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Hulondalo li Pu'u , Bulalo Lo Limutu , Wanu Mamo Leleyangi
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku : </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Gorontalo<br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : </b>Gorontalo<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : GANDA (sumber bunyi : Membranofon , DITEPUK DENGAN
MENGGUNAKAN TELAPAK TANGAN)</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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type="#_x0000_t75" alt="clip_image038"
href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhePaUbFIpIK8HOW3hQrwAYa6a84lEei4XI7n0HYabKshAfC-o-dI9ydZvfPNJVEYkaFJZPTASmenDYlGV3EF5GYo5wiwCBiN10_8VNicPl5s4k3QBfvj7U6_mupkU41za7h6qP8KvuQYw-/s1600/gorontalo.jpg"
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o:title="clip_image038"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"></span><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">NAMA PROVINSI DI MALUKU DAN PAPUA
INDONESIA</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><i><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">30.Provinsi <b>Maluku</b> Ibukota
nya adalah <b>Ambon</b></span></i><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br />
</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br />
<b>Berdiri</b> : 1 Juli 1958 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU.No.20/1958 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Kepulauan Maluku ( 0ºLS-9ºLS dan 124º-136ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>DE</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 851.000 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pattimura. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Pelabuhan Ambon. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Kapiten Pattimura, Christina Martha Tiahahu, Anthony
Rhebok, Paulus Tiahahu. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Universitas Pattimura. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Palai Badar, Dabu-Dabu Sesi, Tumis Bunga Pepaya, Saba’au
Sopek Odheng, dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Bekas Istana VOC, Bangunan Kesultanan Ternate dan
Tidore, Gereja Kuno, Belkas Rumah Sutan Syahrir dan Dr, Cipto Mangunkusumo,
Museum Siswa dan Tugu Christina Martha Tiahahu, Benteng- Benteng Peninggalan
Belanda, Portugis, dan Spanyol, Sumber Air Panas, Taman Pahlawan Anzac, Pulau
Doi, Taman Laut di Pulau Pombo, Tugu Peringatan Tentara Jepang di Kayu Angus,
Peninggalan Kesultanan Bancan, Pantai Hunimoa, Peninggalan Kesultanan Jailolo,
Teluk Kao, Pulau Kei dan Aru, dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Bangunan Kesultanan Ternate dan Tidore. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Benteng-Benteng Peninggalan Belanda, Portugis, dan Spanyol. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
Tugu Peringatan Tentara Jepang di Kayu Angus. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Emas, Minyak Bumi, Minyak Kayu Putih, dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Tari Lenso, Tari Cakalele<br />
<b>Rumah Adat</b> : Rumah Baileo<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional </b>: Parang Salawaku <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lagu Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> :Rasa Sayang-sayange, Ayo Mama, Buka Pintu, Burung Tantina,
Goro-Gorone, Huhatee, Kole-Kole, Mande-Mande, Ole Sioh, O Ulate, Sarinande,
Tanase <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku : </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Buru, Banda, Seram, Kei, dan Ambon<br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : </b>Maluku<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : NAFIRI (sumber bunyi : Membranofon , DITEPUK DENGAN
MENGGUNAKAN TELAPAK TANGAN)</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Julukan : Kota Ambon Manise </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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o:title="clip_image040"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"></span><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">31.Provinsi <b>Maluku Utara</b>
Ibukota nya adalah <b>Ternate</b> sekarang <b>Sofifi</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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type="#_x0000_t75" alt="clip_image041"
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdiri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 4 Oktober 1999 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU.No.46/1999 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Kepulauan Maluku ( 3ºLU-º3LS dan 124º-129ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>DG</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 33.321,22 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Baabulah. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Pelabuhan Ternate, Jailolo Soasiu. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Sultan Baabulah, Pati Unus, Nuku Muhammad Amiruddin. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Danau Dumas, dan Makette, Goa Alam Sagea, Air Terjun Desa
Tabacempaka, Burung Bidadari, Kali Barangka Dolong, Rumah Adat Sasadu, Oulau
Mare, Pantai Akebaru, Benteng Oranye, Benteng Tolluco, Benteng Bernavelt, dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Minyak Bumi, Nikel, Minyak Kayu Putih, Asbes. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Tari Lenso.<br />
<b>Rumah Adat</b> : Rumah Baileo.<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional</b> : Parang Salawaku. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku : </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Halmahera, Obi, Morotai, Ternate, dan Bacan.<br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : </b>Maluku<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : FU (sumber bunyi : Aerofon , DITIUP SERTA
DIKENDALIKAN OLEH TELAPAK TANGAN SEBAGAI PENGATUR SUARA)</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">32.Provinsi <b>Papua Barat</b>
Ibukota nya adalah <b>Kota Manokwari</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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type="#_x0000_t75" alt="clip_image043"
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o:title="clip_image043"/>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br />
Berdiri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 4 Oktober 1999 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: UU.No.45/1999 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pulau Irian ( 0ºLS-5ºLS dan 130º-138ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>DS</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 116.571 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Rendani , Jefman Dan Torea. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pelabuhan Manokwari <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Papeda, Sop Hapire, Aunu Kerang, dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Minyak Bumi, Kayu Gelondong dan Kayu Lapis, Emas, Perak,
Alumunium, Asbes, Tembaga. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Tari Selamat Datang, Tari Musyoh<br />
<b>Rumah Adat</b> : Rumah Honai.<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional </b>: Panah. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lagu Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Apuse, Yamko Rambe Yamko. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku : </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mey Brat, Arfak, Asmat, Dani, dan Sentan.<br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : </b>Serui<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : GUOTO (sumber bunyi : Kordofon , DIPETIK PADA
BAGIAN SENARNYA)</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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type="#_x0000_t75" alt="clip_image044"
href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW-c7BxrqOcKZWWg6uvPqyw8sBcQIB-1I0cJTH7byLvYoANgNbh4A-AEtFOTMVm54iP_-1Ru8Oyg4KuZDkc57foXkMaUvjt2KfNWRKyozPsAN0LymphK_f7lLD5n-iK4dzLgw2eoBKGAdM/s1600/papua+barat.jpg"
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o:title="clip_image044"/>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">33.Provinsi<b> Papua</b> Ibukota nya
adalah <b>Jayapura</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdiri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 10 September 1969 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : UU.No.12/1969 Dan UU.No.45/1999 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Kepulauan Maluku ( 1ºLS-6ºLS dan 131º-141ºBT ) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <b>DS</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 421.981 km². <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Sentani. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pelabuhan Jayapura. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Frans Kaisapo, Silas Papare, Marten Indey. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Universitas Cendrawasih. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Papeda, Sop Hapire, Aunu Kerang, dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pantai Bonsik, Danau Sentani, Pantai Jendi, Tanjung
Kasuari, Pantai Korem, Hutan Wisata Pulau Supriori, Pulau Balanta, Pantai
Tanjung Ria, Museum Jayapura, Pantai Klimpang, Gua Binsar/Gua Jepang, dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Tembaga, Minyak Bumi, Kayu Lapis, Alumunium, Asbes,
Marmer, Kayu Gelondongan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: Tari Selamat Datang,Tari Musyoh.<br />
<b>Rumah Adat</b> : Rumah Honai.<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional</b> : Pisau Belati. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku :</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Sentani, Dani, Amungme, Nimboran, Jagai, Asmat, dan Tobati.<br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : </b>Asmat<br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : TIFA (sumber bunyi : Kordofon , Membranofon ,
DITEPUK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TELAPAK TANGAN)</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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o:button="t">
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o:title="clip_image045"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"></span><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">34.Provinsi<b> Kalimantan Utara</b> <b>(KALTARA)</b>Ibukota
nya adalah <b>Tanjung Selor</b></span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdiri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 25 Oktober<b><i> </i></b>2012 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dasar Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Letak</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Pulau Kalimantan<b> </b>(0°57′ LU 116°26′ BT) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanda Plat Nomor Kendaraan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Luas Wilayah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : 77.382,78 km2. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bandar Udara</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Juwata, Kolonel Robert Atty Bessing, Long Apung , Nunukan
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pelabuhan Laut</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> :Malundung, Tengkayu I dan II dan Ferry Juata Laut, Tunon
Taka <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pahlawan</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> :- <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perguruan Tinggi Negeri</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> :Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Universitas KALTARA Tanjung
Selor <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makanan Khas Daerah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Obyek Wisata</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> :Pantai Amal, terdiri dari 2 buah pantai, yaitu pantai amal
baru dan pantai amal lama, Museum Rumah Bundar, Museum Baloy Adat Tidung, Hutan
Mangrove, Penangkaran Buaya Juwata,Taman Kebun Anggrek, Taman Oval Ladang,
Taman Oval Markoni, Taman Oval Malundung, Taman Monumen Penghargaan Kota
Tarakan di Bandara Juwata, Bungker Peninggalan Jepang di Bandara Juwata, Makam
Tentara Jepang , Tugu Makam Tentara Australia, Air Terjun Karungan, Pulau Sadau
<b>(SEMUA DI WILAYAH KOTA TARAKAN)</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Peninggalan Sejarah</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> : - <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Industri dan Pertambangan </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: (provinsi di sebelah utara Kalimantan ini memiliki potensi
alam yang luar biasa. "Mulai dari minyak, gas, kelautan dan tambang) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tarian Tradisional </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">: -<br />
<b>Rumah Adat</b> : Rumah Baloy.<br />
<b>Senjata Tradisional</b> : Mandau. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku :</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Suku Tidung, Suku Bulungan, Suku Banjar, dan Suku Dayak<br />
<b>Pakaian Adat : -</b><br />
<b>Alat Musik Tradisional : -</b><br />
<b><br />
(SEMENTARA PROVINSI KE 34 KALIMANTAN UTARA TANPA DISERTAI GAMBAR)</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">NAMA PROVINSI DARI HASIL PEMEKARAN</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br />
<i>1.Provinsi <b>Kepulauan Riau</b></i><b><br />
</b><i>2.Provinsi <b>Kepulauan Bangka Belitung</b></i><b><br />
</b><i>3.Provinsi <b>Banten</b></i><b><br />
</b><i>4.Provinsi <b>Gorontalo</b></i><b><br />
</b><i>5.Provinsi <b>Maluku Utara</b></i><br />
<i>6.Provinsi <b>Papua Barat</b></i><br />
<b><i>7.Provinsi Kalimantan Utara (25-10-2012)</i></b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">keterangan alat musik :</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1. Membranofon</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br />
Membranofon adalah kumpulan alat musik yang sumber bunyinya berasal dari
membran atau selaput kulit yang diregangkan dan dipasang pada sebuah kotak atau
tabung.<br />
Contoh : tambur,genderang ,rebana,tifa dan lain sebagainya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2. Aerofon</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br />
Aerofon adalah alat musik yang sumber bunyinya berasal dari getaran udara yang
diatur oleh lubang-lubang atau lidah yang ada pada alat musik tersebut.<br />
Contoh : seruling bambu. serunai , recorder dan lain sebagsinya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">3. Ideofon</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br />
Ideofon adalah alat musik yang sumber bunyinya berasal dari getaran alat musik
itu sendiri.<br />
Contoh : gong, angklung,gambang dan lain sebagainya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">4. Kordofon </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br />
Kordofon adalah alat musik yang sumber bunyinya berasal dari
dawai/tali/senar/corda yang bergetar karena dipetik,digesek,atau dipukul.<br />
Contoh : Rebab, kecapi , siter dan lain sebagainya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">5. elektrofon</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br />
Elektrofon adalah alat musik yang sumber bunyinya berasal dari aliran arus
listrik <br />
Contoh : gitar listrik dan lain sebagainya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Fadhilah OKUhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10281099993610775199noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582096905088977360.post-66649238373994651042019-10-14T22:01:00.000-07:002020-01-05T00:38:12.022-08:00HAKIKAT NEGARA KESATUAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt;">HAKIKAT
NEGARA KESATUAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 18.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">DI SUSUN OLEH<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
PUTRI LUSI HANDAYANI<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">NIK/NISN<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>:
7323/0012972797<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KELAS<span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span>:
XII IIS 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KELOMPOK<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>:
III<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 20.0pt;">SEMESTER GENAP<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 20.0pt;">MAN 1 OKU<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 20.0pt;">TAHUN AJARAN 2019<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a name='more'></a><br />
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">HAKIKAT
NEGARA KESATUAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">PENDAHULUAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Indonesia merupakan negara yangg kaya akan
keberagaman suku, budaya, serta agama. Hal ini adalah anugrah Tuhan Yang Maha
Kuasa yang patut kita syukuri. Mensyukuri apa yang kita miliki berarti berarti
menghargai dan menjaganya dari berbagai hal yang dapat mengancam. Melalui
prinsip bhennika tunggal ika, bangsa indonesia wajib menjauhkan diri dari
sikap-sikap mementingkan kelompok sendiri, sukuisme, dan fanatisme yang
berlebihan sehingga dapat terhindar dari perpecahan bangsa. Berbagai cara dapat
dilakukan untuk dapat mempertahankan persatuan bangsa dan negara republik
indonesia. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Kesatuan dan persatuan merupakan senjata
yang paling ampuh dalam berbangsa dan bernegara. NKRI adalah negara yang
dibentuk berdasarkan semangat kebangsaan (nasionalisme), yaitu tekad warga negara
indonesia untuk membangun dan memajukan masa depan bangsa walaupun berbeda ras,
agama, budaya, suku, serta adat istiadat. </span><span class="a"><span lang="IN" style="background: white; border: none 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; padding: 0in;">Indonesia merdeka pada 17 Agustus 1945 setelah
melalui begitu banyak halangan dan rintangan, maka para pejuang bangsa indonesia
mulai menata kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara dengan menyusun nilai persatuan
dan kesatuan.</span></span><span class="a"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span class="a"><span lang="IN" style="background: white; border: none 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; padding: 0in;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Keutuhan
bangsa dan negara indonesia harus tetap dijaga secara utuh. Dengan adanya
Pancasila, seluruh rakyat indonesia yang berasal dari beragam latar belakang
kebudayaan, adat istiadat, suku, ras, dan bahasa dapat dipersatukan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span class="a"><span lang="IN" style="background: white; border: none 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; padding: 0in;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Dalam
makalah ini saya membahas tentang NKRI (negara kesatuan republik indonesia)
secara luas untuk membangun dan menambah wawasan dalam proses pembelajaran
pendidikan kewarganegaraan. Semoga makalah ini dapat bermanfaat bagi kita,
walaupun masih terdapat banyak kekurangan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="border: none 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; padding: 0in;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">PERMASALAHAN </span></b><span lang="IN" style="background: white; border: none 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; padding: 0in;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Apa yang dimaksud dengan NKRI ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Apa yang dimaksud dengan persatuan dan
kesatuan ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bagaimana negara kesatuan republik
indonesia ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bagaimana cara menghidupkan semangat
persatuan dan kesatuan di Indonesia ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">PEMBAHASAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pengertian Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI)</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Negara NKRI adalah negara yang memiliki rasa kesatuan dalam
hidup bermasyarakat, saling bersatu sebagai sesama masyarakat dalam satu
negara. Negara kesatuan adalah negara kesatuan adalah negara merdeka dan
berdaulat yang dipemerintahannya diatur oleh pemerintah pusat NKRI. Negara yang
dibentuk berdasarkan semangat kebangsaan dan tekad masyarakat untuk membangun
negara.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Untuk mencapai persatuan hingga diproklamasikannya kemerdekan
bukanlah hal yang mudah dilakukan. Persatuan dan kemerdekaan negara indonesia
dapat dicapai karena rahmat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa dan persatuan rakyat indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hakikat</span><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> adalah
sebuah homonim karena arti-artinya memiliki ejaan dan pelafalan yang sama
tetapi maknanya berbeda. <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Hakikat</span> memiliki
arti dalam kelas nomina atau kata benda sehingga <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">hakikat</span>dapat menyatakan nama dari seseorang, tempat, atau semua
benda dan segala yang dibendakan</span><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tujuan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Terdapat dalam pembukaan
undang-undang dasar 1945 alinea keempat yaitu “kemudian dari pada itu untuk
membentuk suatu pemerintahan yang melindungi segenap bangsa indonesia dan
seluruh tumpah darah indonesia dan untuk memajukan kesejahteraan umum,
mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa, dan ikut melaksanakan ketertiban dunia yang
berdasarkan kemerdekaan, perdamaian abadi dan keadilan sosial ...”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dari rumusan tersebut,
tersirat adanya tujuan nasional/negara yang ingin dicapai sekaligus merupakan
tugas yang harus dilaksanakan oleh negara, yaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Melindungi segenap bangsa
indonesia dan seluruh tumah darah indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memajukan kesejahteraan
umum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mencedaskan kehidupan
bangsa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ikut melaksanakan ketertiban
dunia berdasarkan kemerdekaan, perdamaian abadi, dan keadilan sosial.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makna Persatuan Dan Kesatuan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Untuk memahami makna persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa indonesia,
anda harus mengerti arti persatuan dan kesatuan. Persatuan dan kesatuan berasal
dari kata <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">satu</i>, yang berarti utuh
atau tidak terpecah belah. Berdasarkan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kamus
Besar Bahasa Indonesia</i> edisi keempat, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">persatuan
</i>adalah gabungan (ikatan, kumpulan, dan sebagainya) beberapa bagian yang
sudah bersatu, perserikatan, serikat. Pengertian <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kesatuan </i>berarti perihal satu, keesaan, sifat tunggal, satuan.
Adapun bangsa indonesia adalah suku bangsa yang menghuni wilayang indonesia dai
Sabang sampai Merauke. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Jadi, persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa indonesia dapat diartikan
bersatunya berbagai bangsa dengan yang memiliki perbedaan suku, bahasa, maupun
adat istiadat yang mendiami wilayah indonesia menjadi satu kebulatan yang utuh
dan serasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Prinsip-Prinsip<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Persatuan Dan Kesatuan Bangsa<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bhinneka tunggal ika<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bhinneka tunggal ika
bermakna bahwa indonesia sebagai bangsa terdiri atas berbagai suku, bangsa,
bahasa, agama, dan adat istiadat. Tetapi tetap bersati dalam negara kesatuan
republik indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo55; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Nasionalisme<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Nasionalisme adalah paham
yang meletakkan kesetian tertinggi individu yang harus diberikan kepada negara
dan bangsa. Nasionalisme bertujuan agar indiidu sebagai warga negara memiliki
suatu sikap/ perbuatan untuk mencurahan segala tenaga dan pikiranya demi
kemajuan, kehormatan, dan tegaknya kedaulatan bangsa dan negara.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo55; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kebebasan yang bertanggung
jawab<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bangsa indonesia adalah
bangsa yang majemuk. Setiap individu di indonesia memiliki kepentingan,
keinginan, dan tujuan yang berbeda. Setiap individu memilki kebebasan untuk
menentukan kepentingan dan tujuannya serta melakukan kegiatan yang dianggap
penting. Namun, dalam menentukan tujuan dan melaksana kegiatannya, individu
diatasi oleh etika dan norma yang berlaku dalam masyarakat. Hal ini adalah
bentuk dai rasa tanggung jawab sehingga kehidupan bermasyarakat akan tetap
harmonis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Wawasan nusantara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Wawasan nusantara adalah
cara pandang bangsa indonesia tentang diri dan lingkungannya berdasarkan
pancasila dan UUD 1945. dengan mengutamakan persatuan daan kesatuan bangsa
serta kesatuan wilayah dalam menyelenggarakan kehidupan bermasyarakat,
berbangsa dan bernegara.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Faktor pendorong dan penghambat persatuan dan kesatuan
bangsa indonesia<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-list: l45 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 32.2pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Faktor-faktor pendorong persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa
indonesia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bangsa
indonesia memiliki pancasila sebagai dasar negara.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sumpah
pemuda<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Semboyan
bhennika tunggal ika sangat penting bagi negara indonesia yang memiliki beragam
suku, budaya, bahasa, maupun agama.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-list: l45 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 32.2pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Faktor-faktor penghambat persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa
indonesia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 46.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo57; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Keberagaman
masyarakat indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 46.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo57; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Indonesia
memiliki wilayah yang luas dengan ribuan pulau<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 46.4pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo57; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ketidakpuasaan
terhadap ketimpangan ekonomi dan tidak meratanya pembangunan ekonomi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tindakkan
yang menunjukan sikap menjaga keutuhan negara kesatuan republik indonesia<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menghargai dan menghormati pemeluk agama dan penganut
kepercayaan yang berbeda<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menghargai dan menghormati berbagai etnis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 57.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo58; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menghargai dan menghormati budaya suku lain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 57.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo58; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menggunakan bahasa indonesia dalam berhubungan dan
berkomunikasi dengan suku bangsa lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 57.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l39 level1 lfo58; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Melakukan kegiatan bakti sosial bersama tanpa
membeda-bedakan suku bangsa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">KESIMPULAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Kita telah ketahui
bersam bahwa bangsa indonesia adalah bangsa yang memiliki banyak ragam budaya
yang berbeda-beda dari setiap suku daerah yang berbeda pula. Perbedaanitu
sendiri justru memberikan kontribusi yang cukup besar pada citra bangsa
indonesia. Kebudayaan dari setiap suku-suku daeah inilah yang menjadi penyokong
dari terciptanya budaya nasional indonesia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Dinamika NKRI,
mengharuskan seluruh potesi bangsa untuk bertekad mempertahankan keutuhan NKRI,
dari berbagai amcaman dan gangguan yang membahayakan eksistensi NKRI sebagai
negara yang berdaulat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">DAFTAR
PUSTAKA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kardiman, yuyus, dkk. 2013. <i>Pendidikan Pancasila
dan Kewarganegaraan untuk SMA Kelas X. </i>Jakarta: Erlangga.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lubis, Yusnawan dan Mohamad sodeli. 2018. <i>Pendidikan
Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan.</i> Jakarta: PT Tiga Serangkai Pustaka Mandiri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pasha, Musthafa Kamal. 2002. <i>Pendidikan
Kewarganegaraan</i>. Yogyakarta: Citra Karsa mandiri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Affandi, Idrus dan Karim Suryadi. 2008. <i>Hak asasi
Manusia</i>. Jakarta: universitas terbuka<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">SOAL DAN
JAWABAN PILIHAN GANDA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dampak
tidak adanya persatuan dan kesatuan dalam ehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara
adalah...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l44 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menimbulkan kesan buruk terhadap suatu
negara <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mempermudah
jalanya pemerintahan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l44 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mempermudah
tujuan bangsa</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l44 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menimbulkan
perpecahan dalam suatu bangsa dan negara</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menimbulkan rasa aman bagi warga negara <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sikap
sebagai pernyataan rasa cinta terhadap persatuan dan kesatuan dalam hidup
bermusyawarah dapat diwujudkan dengan cara...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dapat menyesuaikan diri dalam pergaulan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bergaul dengan siapa pun tanpa curiga<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Selalu berbuat kebaikan kepada sesama<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Gotong royong membuat gedung balai desa<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menolong orang yang sedang kesususahan
agar diberi imbalan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Upaya
membina persatuan dan kesatuan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari antar lain...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mengendalikan sikap dan tuturkata<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo31; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Selalu menerima pendapat orang lain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo31; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menerima masukan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo31; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memelihara diri terhadap pengaruh asing<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo31; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bersikap rendah diri dalam pergaulan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sikap
yang dapat merusak pesatuan dan kesatuan adalah...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo32; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Semangat nasionalisme<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo32; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">mementingkan kepentingan pribadi diatas
kepentingan umum<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo32; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">gotong royong<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo32; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">rela berkorban<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo32; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">menghargai sesama walaupun beda agama,
suku, ras dan budaya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">cara
untuk menghargai keragaman suku disekitar kita adalah dengan...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo33; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">menjadi yang lebih baik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo33; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">menonjolkan kelebihan suku sendiri<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo33; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">hidup berdampingan dengan rukun dengan
cara menghargai<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo33; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">menghina suku lain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo33; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">tidak ingin bergaul dengan orang yang
berbeda ras<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">sikap
terbaik sebagai pengakuan persamaan dan kesatuan antarwarga sekolah adalah...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo34; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">bekerja sama dengan teman yang akrab<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo34; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">membantunya jika sangat di perlukan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo34; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">bekerja sama dalam hal tertentu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo34; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">bergaul tanpa membedakan kedudukannya<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo34; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">mementingkan diri sendiri<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Negara
berasal dari kata state yang artinya...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo35; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">bersama-sama<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo35; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">menyatu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo35; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">menyimpan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo35; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">menetapkan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo35; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">memisahkan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">wilayah
laut suatu negara mempunyai lebar 200 mil laut bebas dinamakan...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo36; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">zona
ekonomi eklusif (zee)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo36; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">zona bersebelahan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo36; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">landasan benua<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo36; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">landasan kontinen<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo36; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ZEE<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berikut
ini yang termaksud sifat-sifat negara yaitu negara bersifat...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo37; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mengatur<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo37; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mengikat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo37; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memaksa<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo37; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Oligopoli<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo37; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sewenang-wenang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kepala
daerah diberikan kekuasaan untuk mengurus rumah tangga daerahnya sendiri adalah
pengertian dari sistem...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo38; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sentralisasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo38; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ekstralisasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo38; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Intralisasi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo38; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Desentralisasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo38; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">delegasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">berikut
ini merupakan contoh negara yang berbentuk negara kesatuan adalah...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo39; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">india, korea, belanda<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo39; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">jepang, belanda, indonesia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo39; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">malaysia, jerman, australia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo39; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">malaysia, indonesia, italia<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo39; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">korea, belanda, inggris<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">kepala
negara mempunyai hak veto,yaitu pembatalan keputusan yang diajukan oleh
parlemen merupakan salah satu ciri dari bentuk negara...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo40; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">kerajaan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo40; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">republik<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo40; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">kesatuan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo40; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">serikat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo40; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">repulik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">berikut
ini yang termaksud contoh negara ysng berbentuk serikat yaitu...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo41; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">india, korea, belanda<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo41; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">jepang, belanda, indonesia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo41; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">indonesia, malysia, belanda<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo41; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">indonesia, malysia, italia<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo41; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">australia, jerman, malysia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">berikut
ini unsur unsur terbentuk negara yaitu unsur...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo42; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">persuatif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo42; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">instutif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo42; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">konstitutif<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo42; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">relatif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo42; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">distributif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">15.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">negara
yaitu kumpulan manusia atau organisasi yang berada dibawah suatu pemerintahan
sama adalah pengertian negara menurut....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo43; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">R. Djokosoentono<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo43; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Aristoteles<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo43; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">George jelinek<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo43; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">George hegel<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo43; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">wilhelm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">16.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Konversi
chicago yang menghasilkan kesepakatan tentang wilayah suatu negara
dilaksanakan...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo44; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1965<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo44; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1944<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo44; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1933<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo44; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1945<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo44; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1950<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">17.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Batas
wilayah suatu negara yang bis ditentukan sesuai dengan letak geografis yang
melalui garis bujur dan garis lintang merupakan pengertian dari batas...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo45; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Secara sosiologi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo45; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Buatan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo45; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Alamiah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo45; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Teliti<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo45; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Organisasi kekuasan dengan suatu
pertahanan otonomi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">18.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Staat-gemenschaap
merupakan istilah dari negara diartikan sebagai...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo60; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Masyarakat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo60; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Organisasi
kekuasaan dengan suatu pemerintahan otonom<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo60; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Organisasi
kekuasaan suatu pemerintahan pust<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo60; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pengatur<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo60; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">pemimpin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">19.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Asal
mulanya terjdi negara berdasarkan perose pertumbhsn bisa digolongkan menjadi 2
proses...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo46; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sekunder dan tersier<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo46; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Langsung dan tidak langsung<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo46; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Primer dan sekunder<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo46; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Faktual dan erorat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l55 level1 lfo46; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">hangat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">20.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">suatu
cara mengetahui asal mula terjadinya negara melalui sejarah lahirnya negara
terseut adalah pengertian asal mula terjadinya suatu negaa secara merupakan hak
warga negara dalam aspek...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">de facto<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">fakttual<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">teotris<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">de jure<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">nyata<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">21.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">berikut
ini yang tidak termaksuk bentuk kenegaraan yaitu...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">uni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">kerajaan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">mandat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">kampung<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">dominan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">22.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">konsep
yang mempunyai anggapan bahwa laut merupakan milik masyarakat dunia, sehingga
tidak bisa dimiliki oleh setiap negara adala pengertian dari....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Res
monopoli<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Resnullis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Res
communis<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Res
oligpfoli<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">komunis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">23.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1 mil=
....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1852 meter</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1789 meter</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1833 meter</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">2165 meter</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l56 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">1000 meter</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">24.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Teori
mengenai konsep wilayah udara yang dikenal saat ini yaitu....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l48 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Teori
negara bersatu diudara dari teori bebas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l48 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Teori
udara bebas dan negara berdaulat diudara<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l48 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Teori
udara terikat dan teori udara bebas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l48 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Teori
negara berdaulat diudara dan teori udara terikat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l48 level1 lfo12; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Teori
udara bebas terikat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">25.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Segala
peraturan perundang undang yang berlaku yaitu untuk semua orang tanpa kecuali
adalah...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Monopoli<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mencakup
semua<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mengatur<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memaksa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l49 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kesadaran
hukum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">26.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suatu
negara yang berada dibawah lindungan negara yang kuat adalaah pengertian dari
bentuk kenegaraan...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Uni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l51 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Koloni<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l51 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Trustee<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l51 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Protektorat<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l51 level1 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">republik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">27.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">istilah
nasionalisme kewarganegaraan dinamakan juga nasionalisme....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l59 level1 lfo61; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">etnis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l59 level1 lfo61; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">romantik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l59 level1 lfo61; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">organic<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l59 level1 lfo61; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">sipil<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l59 level1 lfo61; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">federal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">28.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">“negara
ibarat suatu pekakas yang diciptakan oleh manusia untuk melahirkan
kesejahteraan umum”. Uraian tersebut merupakan pendapat..<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l57 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Has
keisen<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l57 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hugo de
groot<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l57 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Plato<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l57 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">J.j
rousseau<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l57 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">william<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">29.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">zona
ekonomi eksklusif mempunyai lebar...mil ke laut bebas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">230<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">200<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">134<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">100<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">90<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">30.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berikut
ini yang tidak termasuk sifat kedaulatan negara yaitu... <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l47 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tertingi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l47 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Asli</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l47 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tidak dapat dibagi-bagi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l47 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bisa dibagi bagi</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l47 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hakiki</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">31.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tokohh
teori perdamaian dunia yang terkenal yaitu...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Jhon
lock<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Danate
alighien<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ariestoteles<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hans
khon<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Jhon<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">32.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bestuur
yaitu fungsi...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ketertiban<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mengadili<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menyelenggarakan
pemerintah<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Membuat
peraturan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">menerima<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">33.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">fungsi
negara terdiri dari fungsi eksekutif, legislatif, dan yudikatif, merupakan
pendapat...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">g.a
jacobsen<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">R.M.Maclever<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Jhon
lock<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Montesquietu<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo20; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Wiliam<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">34.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pada
awalnya, negara nasional dipimpin oleh raja yang absolut dengan sistem
pemerintahan tersentralisasikan, hal tersebut merupakan pengertian dari...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l46 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suku<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l46 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Negara
demokrasi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l46 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kerajaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l46 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Negara
nasional<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l46 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bukan
penduduk<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">35.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Jumlah
negara dibagian As yang bergabung menjadi satu negara serikat berjumlah...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">20 negara</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">60 negara</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">50 negara</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">40 negara</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo22; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">30 negara</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">36.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berdasarkan
jumlah orang yang memerintahkan dalam suatu negara, bentuk negara terbagi
menjadi...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Poligarki,
oligarki, dan monarki<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Monarki,
demokrasi, anarki<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Oligarki,
monarki, demokrasi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo23; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Oligarki,
monarki, dan anarki<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Anarki
dan kedaulatan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">37.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tujuan
negara RI ada dalam....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">UUD 1945
alinea ke IV<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">UUD 1945
alinea ke I<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">UUD 1945
alinea ke II<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">UUD 1945
alinea ke III<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">TAP MPR
NO. VII / MPR / 2001<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">38.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tokoh
yang mendukung teori ketuhanan yaitu...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l53 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kranenbrug<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l53 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Leon
duguid<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l53 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kharmax<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l53 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Jhon
lock<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l53 level1 lfo25; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">wiliam <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">39.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">anexatie
mempunyai makna...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">proklamasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">penyerahan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">pencaplokan/penguasaan
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">pembentukan
baru<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">pelaksanakan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">40.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">orang-orang
yang secara sah berdasarkan hukum menempati suatu negara dinamakan...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo27; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">penduduk</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo27; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">bukan warga negara</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo27; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">warga
negara<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo27; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">negara
asing<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo27; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">negara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">41.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">penduduk
yaitu semua orang yang pada suatu waktu mendiami wilayah negara, mmerupakan
pengertia penduduk secara...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">harfiah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">sosiologis<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">kamus
besar bahasa indonesia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">etimologoi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo28; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">bahasa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">42.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">nasionallisme
terdiri dari kata “nasional” dan “isme” yang mempunyai makna....<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">sikap
egois<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">sikap
atau rasa cinta kepada tamah air<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">sfat
kepahlawanan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">sikap
acuh tak acuh<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 32.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">berwibawa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">43.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">monorki
bersumber dari bahasa yunani(monos dan archenis” kata monos yaitu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">campuran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ganda<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo47; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">tunggal<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">berkehendak<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">jamak<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">44.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">patriotisme
berasa; dari kata “patriot”dan “isme’’ yang artinya sifat <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo48; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">kepahlawanan
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">acuh tak
acuh<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo48; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">tenggang
rasa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">membela
diri<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">rela
berkorban<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">45.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">laut
yang mempunyai lebar 12 mil apabila diukur dari pulau terluar merupakan
pengertian dari...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">landasan
benua<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">landasan
konteniten<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">laut
teritorial<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ZEE<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">46.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pasal 31
UUD Negara republik indonesia adalah tentang...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pembelaan
negara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pendidikan
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Berkumpul<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kebudayaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Penghidupan
yang layak<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">47.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Fungsi
negara yang terutama berkaitan langsung untuk mewujudkan tujuan NKRI
“melinduungi segenap bangsa indonesia dan tumpah darah indonesia:’adalah..<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pertahanan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kebebasan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l50 level1 lfo51; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Keadilan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l50 level1 lfo51; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kesejahteraan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l50 level1 lfo51; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">kemakmuran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">48.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">penciptaan
kestabilan negara dan ekonomi bangsa “ merupakan salah satu strategi dalam
menghadapi acaman dibidang politik pada lingkup...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo52; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">internal<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo52; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">eksternal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo52; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">regional<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo52; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">supra
regional<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo52; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">strategi
pendekatan kedalam <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo52; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">F.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">mewajibkan
siswa untuk menjalankan piket kelas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">49.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">akibat
yang fatal dan mengkhawatirkan bangsa kita karena sukanya budaya asing
adalah...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l60 level1 lfo53; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">bergesernya
tata nilai budaya bangsa<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l60 level1 lfo53; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">menjaga
keutuhan wilayah NKRI <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l60 level1 lfo53; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">hilangna
nilai moral masyarakat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l60 level1 lfo53; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">rasa
persaudaraan semakin berkurang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l60 level1 lfo53; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">menipisnya
rasa persatuan dan kesatuan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">50.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">dalam
pasal 30 ayat 2 UUD 1945 disebutkan bahwa rakyat sebagai kekuatan pendukung
dalam sistem hankmarta. Ini berati upaya pertahanan dan keamanan negara
bersifat...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">semesta<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">menyeluruh<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">nasional<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">satukesatuan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">kewilayaha<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">SOAL
ESAI<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tuliskan
minimal 3 contoh persatuan dan kesatuan di rumah!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tuliskan
minimal 3 contoh persatuan dan kesatuan di sekolah!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tuliskan
minimal 3 contoh persatuan dan kesatuan di masyarakat!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Mengapa
kita harus bersatu dalam kehidupan sehari-hari?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bagaimana
cara kita sebagai bangsa indonesia dalam melakukan pertahanan dari ancaman
perpecahan dan memperkokoh NKRI dari dalam maupun luar bangsa?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bersatu
kita...., ..... kita runtuh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Apa
makna dari “bhennika tunggal ika”?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Jelaskan
makna integrasi nasional!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sebutkan
3 faktor pendorong integrasi nasional?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Apa saja
faktor pendorong dan penghambat persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sebutkan
bentuk-bentuk kenegaraan?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Jelaskan
pengertian negara kesatuan?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tokoh
yang berpendapat bahwa manusia adalah zoon politicon?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sebutkan
fungsi dari negara?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">15.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sebutkan
dua cara dari sikap patriotisme yang dapat diwujudkan dalam semangat semangat
cinta tanah air?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">16.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sebutkan
prinsip-prinsip dalam menjaga keutuhan NKRI?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">17.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Jelaskan
apa yang dimaksud hakikat menurut plato?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">18.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Apa
makna sumpah pemuda dalam kesatuan negara?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">19.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sebutkan
tokoh tokoh yang berpendapat tentang hakikat bangsa?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">20.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Jelaskan
hakikat mengenai hakikat negara bersifat memaksa!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">21.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bagaimana
tindakan seseorang dalam menghadapi perbedaan yang ada di indonesia agar tetap
menjaga keutuhan NKRI?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">22.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sebutkan
faktor-faktor penghambat persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa indonesia!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">23.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Siapa
saja yang mengajarkan aliran negara yang menyatakan bahwa negara terdiri atas
teori perseorangan(individualisme)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">24.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menurut
yamin, bangsa indonesia dalam merintis terbentuknya suatu bangsa
dalampenanggung politik internasional yaitu suatu bangsa yang moderen yang
memiliki kemerdekaan dan kebebasan, berlangsung melalui 3 fase, sebutkan tiga
fase tersebut!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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mendirikan suatu negara memiliki suatu karakteristik, ciri khas tertentu
yangkarena ditentukan oleh keanekaragaman, sifat dan karakternya, maka bangsa
ini mendirikan suatu negara berdasakan filsafat pancasila, yaitu suatu negara
persatuan, suatu negara kebangsaan serta negara yang bersifat integralistik.
Hal itu di cantumkan dalam?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">JAWABAN
ESAI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">- Bergotong
royong bersama anggota keluarga membersihkan lingkungan rumah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Membantu ibu menyiapkan makanan dan memcuci
piring.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Menghormati orang tua juga selalu bertutur
kata yang sopan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Menghormati ibu/bapak guru.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mengutamakan kepentingan bersama dibandingkan
kepentingan pribadi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Menjaga kerukunan teman sekelas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">- Ikut
dalam kerja bakti, untuk menjaga kebersihan atau membangun tempat ibadah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">-
Membina kerukunan dengan warga serta saling menghargai juga menghormati.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">-
Menjaga kebersihan lingkungan dengan tidak membuang smpah sembarangan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Karena
persatuan itu akan menguatkan kita menjadi warga, bangsa, negara yang hebat dan
besar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dengan
cara terus menjadi persatuan dan kesatuan antar seluruh warga negara.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bersatu
kita <u>teguh</u>, <u>bercerai</u> kita runtuh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Makna Bhineka Tunggal Ika</span></b><span lang="IN" style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> dalam Persatuan Indonesia Sebagaimana
dijelaskan dimuka bahwa walaupun bangsa Indonesia terdiri dari berbagai macam
suku bangsa yang memiliki kebudayaan dan adat-istiadat yang beraneka ragam
namun keseluruhannya merupakan suatu persatuan.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Integrasi
artinya menyatupadukan, mempersatukan, dan meggabungkan. Integrasi nasional
bermakna sebagai penyatuan berbagai macam kelompok sosial juga budaya kedalam
satu kesatuan wilayah yang membentuk suatu identitas nasional.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">–<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>rasa senasib-seperjuangan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">–<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>pemaknaan ideologi nasional dan keinginan untuk bersatu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Integrasi
nasional penting untuk diwujudkan dalam kehidupan masyarakat indonesia
dikarenakan indonesia merupakan negara yang masih berkembang atau dapat
dikatakan negara yang masih mencari jati diri. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>selain itu, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bentuk
negara diantaranya: mandat, protektorat, koloni, perwalian, dominion, dan uni.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Negara kesatuan yaitu bentuk negara yang
merdeka dan berdaulat dengan satu pemerintah pusat yang berkuasa dalam mengatur
satu daerah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ariestoteles<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">melaksanakan
ketertiban dan keamanan, mengusahakan kesejahteraan dan kemakmuran rakyatnya,
mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa, memajukan kesejahteraan umum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">15.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sikap
rela berkorban mempertahankan negara dan bersikap untuk mengisi kelangsungan
hidup negara.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">16.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bhennika
tunggal ika,nasionalisme, kebebasan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yang
bertanggung jawab, wawasan nusantara.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">17.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Suatu
tubuh yang senantiasa maju, berevolusi, dan terdiri dari orang-orang individu <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">18.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Menjadi
awal bagi tumbuhnya kesadaran untuk hidup berbangsa dan bernegara dan
menjadikan bahasa indonesia sebagai bahasa pemersatu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">19.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ernest
renant, yaitu hans khono, otto bauer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">20.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Artinyanegara
mempunyai kekuatan fisik secara legal, semua pengakuan ddari negara lain, sedangkan
unsur konstitutif terdiri dari wilayah, rakyat, dan pemerintah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">21.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Memberi
kesempatan kepada pemeluk agama lain untuk beribadah, menjalanni kegiatan
kemasyarakatan bersama dengan pemeluk agama lain, tidak mengganggu pemeluk
agama lain yang sedang beribadah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">22.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Keberagaman
masyarakat indonesia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Indonesia memiliki wilayah yang
sangat luas dengan ribuan pulau<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ketidakpuasan terhadap
ketimpangan ekonomi dan tidak meratanya pembangunan ekonomi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">23.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Thomas
hobbes,jhon lock.J.J.rousschau,haebert spencer, harold J.Laski<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">24.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Yaitu
zaman kebangsaan sriwijaya, negara kebangsaan majaapahit<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">25.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pembukan
undang-undang dasar 1945 alinea IV<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Fadhilah OKUhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10281099993610775199noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582096905088977360.post-11002925508447304802019-01-13T05:04:00.001-08:002019-01-13T05:04:30.758-08:00Logo SMK Bina Marta Baturaja OKU<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Fadhilah OKUhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10281099993610775199noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582096905088977360.post-8893433049297270482019-01-06T18:11:00.000-08:002020-01-05T00:39:59.539-08:00Pengertian Tujuan Dan Kegunaan Ilmu Pengantar Hukum<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1AF3MXsVseb9wVfdrBGMpTnLXsuw3wdDKnbfF4ew4ZK-HvDudgjmrBhoTHvAep0w_z-dE32No4fokzI74HIaBhAXnB6oeFdQjIJqDvRTe7pW8yqNK4-04R7urBmBpQvrmXpD_vzSIaP30/s1600/download.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="207" data-original-width="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1AF3MXsVseb9wVfdrBGMpTnLXsuw3wdDKnbfF4ew4ZK-HvDudgjmrBhoTHvAep0w_z-dE32No4fokzI74HIaBhAXnB6oeFdQjIJqDvRTe7pW8yqNK4-04R7urBmBpQvrmXpD_vzSIaP30/s1600/download.jpg" /></a></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></b>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A. PEDAHULUAN</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A. LATAR BELAKANG</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Peranan hukum di dalam masyarakat
khususnya dalam menghadapi perubahan masyarakat perlu dikaji dalam rangka
mendorong terjadinya perubahan sosial. Pengaruh peranan hukum ini bisa bersifat
langsung dan tidak langsung atau signifikan atau tidak. Hukum memiliki pengaruh
yang tidak langsung dalam mendorong munculnya perubahan sosial pada pembentukan
lembaga kemasyarakatan tertentu yang berpengaruh langsung terhadap masyarakat.
Di sisi lain, hukum membentuk atau mengubah institusi pokok atau lembaga
kemasyarakatan yang penting, maka terjadi pengaruh langsung, yang kemudian
sering disebut hukum digunakan sebagai alat untuk mengubah perilaku
masyarakat. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum di Indonesia merupakan
campuran dari sistem hukum hukum Eropa, hukum Agama dan hukum Adat. Sebagian
besar sistem yang dianut, baik perdata maupun pidana, berbasis pada hukum Eropa
kontinental, khususnya dari Belanda karena aspek sejarah masa lalu Indonesia
yang merupakan wilayah jajahan dengan sebutan Hindia Belanda (Nederlandsch-Indie).
Hukum Agama, karena sebagian besar masyarakat Indonesia menganut Islam, maka
dominasi hukum atau Syari'at Islam lebih banyak terutama di bidang perkawinan,
kekeluargaan dan warisan. Selain itu, di Indonesia juga berlaku sistem hukum
Adat, yang merupakan penerusan dari aturan-aturan setempat dari masyarakat dan
budaya-budaya yang ada di wilayah Nusantara.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B. TUJUAN</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Makalah
ini dibuat dengan tujuan memenuhi tugas mata kuliah Ilmu Hukum Pengantar,
Sekaligus untuk menambah wawasan tentang system hukum .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">C. RUMUSAN MASALAH</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo48; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengertian, Tujuan, Dan Kegunaan
Ilmu Pengantar Hukum</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo48; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Disiplin Hukum</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo48; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bidang-bidang Studi Hukum</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l41 level1 lfo48; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengertian Dasar Tentang Hukum</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumber-Sumber Hukum</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem Hukum Dan Klasifikasi Hukum</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penafsiran Hukum</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kodifikasi Hukum</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berlakunya Hukum Di Indonesia</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mazhab Hukum</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B.
PEMBAHASAN</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .2in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l47 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PENGERTIAN,
TUJUAN, DAN KEGUNAAN ILMU PENGANTAR HUKUM</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 13.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l47 level2 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengertian
Ilmu Hukum</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut Satjipto Rahardjo Ilmu hukum adalah ilmu pengetahuan
yang berusaha menelaah hukum. Ilmu hukum mencakup dan membicarakan segala hal
yang berhubungan dengan hukum. Ilmu hukum objeknya hukum itu sendiri. Demikian
luasnya masalah yang dicakup oleh ilmu ini, sehingga sempat memancing pendapat
orang untuk mengatakan bahwa “batas-batasnya tidak bisa ditentukan” (Curzon,
1979 : v). Selanjutnya menurut J.B. Daliyo Ilmu hukum adalah ilmu pengetahuan
yang objeknya hukum. Dengan demikian maka ilmu hukum akan mempelajari semua
seluk beluk mengenai hukum, misalnya mengenai asal mula, wujud, asas-asas,
sistem, macam pembagian, sumber-sumber, perkembangan, fungsi dan kedudukan
hukum di dalam masyarakat. Ilmu hukum sebagai ilmu yang mempunyai objek hukum
menelaah hukum sebagai suatu gejala atau fenomena kehidupan manusia dimanapun
didunia ini dari masa kapanpun. Seorang yang berkeinginan mengetahui hukum
secara mendalam sangat perlu mempelajari hukum itu dari lahir, tumbuh dan
berkembangnya dari masa ke masa sehingga sejarah hukum besar perannya dalam hal
tersebut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b. Pengertian Pengantar ilmu hukum</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengantar Ilmu Hukum (PIH) kerapkali oleh dunia studi hukum
dinamakan “Encyclopaedia Hukum”, yaitu mata kuliah dasar yang merupakan
pengantar (introduction atau inleiding) dalam mempelajari ilmu hukum. Dapat
pula dikatakan bahwa PIH merupakan dasar untuk pelajaran lebih lanjut dalam
studi hukum yang mempelajari pengertian-pengertian dasar, gambaran dasar
tentang sendi-sendi utama ilmu hukum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">c. Tujuan dan Kegunaan Pengantar Ilmu Hukum</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan Pengantar Imu Hukum adalah menjelaskan tentang
keadaan, inti dan maksud tujuan dari bagian-bagian penting dari hukum, serta
pertalian antara berbagai bagian tersebut dengan ilmu pengetahuan hukum. Adapun
kegunaannya adalah untuk dapat memahami bagian-bagian atau jenis-jenis ilmu
hukum lainnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">d. Kedudukan dan Fungsi Pengantar Ilmu Hukum</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kedudukan Pengantar Ilmu Hukum merupakan dasar bagi
pelajaran lanjutan tentang ilmu pengetahuan dari berbagai bidang hukum.
Sedangkan kedudukan dalam kurikulum fakultas hukum adalah sebagai mata kuliah
keahlian dan keilmuan. Oleh karena itu pengantar ilmu hukum berfungsi
memberikan pengertian-pengertian dasar baik secara garis besar maupun secara
mendalam mengenai segala sesuatu yang berkaitan dengan hukum. Selain itu juga
pengantar ilmu hukum juga berfungsi pedagogis yakni menumbuhkan sikap adil dan
membangkitkan minat untuk denagan penuh kesungguhan mempelajari hukum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">e. Ilmu Bantu Pengantar Ilmu Hukum</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .45in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sejarah
hukum, yaitu suatu disiplin hukum yang mempelajari asal usul terbentuknya dan
perkembangan suatu sistem hukum dalam suatu masyarakat tertentu dan
memperbanding antara hukum yang berbeda karena dibatasi oleh perbedaan waktu</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .45in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sosiologi
hukum, yaitu suatu cabang ilmu pengetahuan yang secara empiris dan analitis
mempelajari hubungan timbal balik antara hukum sebagai gejala sosial dengan
gejala sosial lain (Soerjono Soekanto)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .45in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Antropologi
hukum, yakni suatu cabang ilmu pengetahuan yang mempelajari pola-pola sengketa
dan penyelesaiannya pada masyarakat sederhana, maupun masyarakat yang sedang
mengalami proses perkembangan dan pembangunan/proses modernisasi (Charles
Winick).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .45in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perbandingan
hukum, yakni suatu metode studi hukum yang mempelajari perbedaan sistem hukum
antara negara yang satu dengan yang lain. Atau membanding-bandingkan sistem
hukum positif dari bangsa yang satu dengan bangsa yang lain</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .45in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Psikologi
hukum, yakni suatu cabang pengetahuan yang mempelajari hukum sebagai suatu
perwujudan perkembangan jiwa manusia (Purnadi Purbacaraka).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">f. Metode Pendekatan Mempelajari Hukum</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Metode
Idealis ; bertitik tolak dari pandangan bahwa hukum sebagai perwujudan dari
nilai-nilai tertentu dalam masyarakat</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Metode
Normatif Analitis ; metode yg melihat hukum sebagai aturan yg abstrak. Metode
ini melihat hukum sebagai lembaga otonom dan dapat dibicarakan sebagai subjek
tersendiri terlepas dari hal2 lain yang berkaitan dengan peraturan2. Bersifat
abstrak artinya kata-kata yang digunakan di dalam setiap kalimat tidak mudah
dipahami dan untuk dapat mengetahuinya perlu peraturan-peraturan hukum itu
diwujudkan. Perwujudan ini dapat berupa perbuatan-perbuatan atau tulisan.
Apabila ditulis, maka sangat penting adalah pilihan dan susunan kata-kata.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Metode
Sosiologis; metode yang bertitik tolak dari pandangan bahwa hukum sebagai alat
untuk mengatur masyarakat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Metode Historis ; metode yang mempelajari
hukum dengan melihat sejarah hukumnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Metode sistematis; metode yang melihat hukum
sebagai suatu system</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Metode
Komparatif; metode yang mempelajari hukum dengan membandingkan tata hukum dalam
berbagai sistem hukum dan perbandingan hukum di berbagai negara.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2. DISIPLIN HUKUM</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Suatu disiplin adalah sistem ajaran
mengenai kenyataan atau gejala-gejala yang dihadapi. Dalam hal ini hukum dalam
arti disiplin melihat hukum sebagai gejala dan kenyataan yang ada di tengah
masyarakat. Apabila pembicaraan dibatasi pada disiplin hukum, maka secara umum
disiplin hukum menyangkut ilmu hukum, politik hukum dan filsafat hukum. Apa
sebenarnya pengertian ketiganya ini ?<b><i> </i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 31.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: .25in .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu Hukum</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, intinya merupakan ilmu pengetahuan berusaha menelaah
hukum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 31.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Politik Hukum</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, mencakup kegiatan-kegiatan mencari
dan memilih nilai-nilai dan menerapkan nilai-nilai tersebut bagi hukum dalam
mencapai tujuannya.<b><i> Filsafat Hukum</i></b>, adalah perenungan dan
perumusan nilai-nilai, juga mencakup penyesuaian nilai-nilai, misalnya
penyerasian antara ketertiban dengan ketentraman, antara kebendaan dengan
keakhlakan, dan antara kelanggengan dengan pembaharuan<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/null" name="_ftnref1"></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref1;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><u><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><u><sup><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></sup></u></span></span></sup></u></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref1;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a. Disiplin Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sebagimana telah dikemukakan di
atas, disiplin hukum merupakan sistem ajaran yang menyangkut kenyataan atau
gejala-gejala hukum yang ada dan “hidup” di tengah pergaulan. Apabila dicermati
lebih seksama, pengertian mengenai disiplin ini, maka dapat dibedakan antara
disiplin analitis dan disiplin perspektif.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a. Disiplin analitis</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> merupakan sistem ajaran yang
menganalisa, memahami dan menjelaskan gejala-gejala yang dihadapi. Contohnya :
Sosiologi, Psikologi, Ekonomi, dll.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b. Disiplin Perspektif</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> merupakan sistem-sistem ajaran yang
menentukan apakah yang seyogyanya atau seharusnya dilakukan di dalam menghadapi
kenyataan-kenyataan tertentu. Contohnya adalah : Hukum, Filsafat, dll.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan
bahwa disiplin hukum merupakan disiplin perspektif yang berusaha menentukan
apakah yang seyogyanya, seharusnya dan patut dilakukan dalam menghadapi
kenyataan.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><sup><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></sup></span></span></sup></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B. Ilmu Hukum </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara garis besar ilmu hukum dapat
dijelaskan sebagai berikut : <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><sup><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></sup></span></span></sup></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></i></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu Hukum adalah pengetahuan
mengenai masalah yang bersifat manusiawi, pengetahuan tentang yang benar dan
yang tidak benar menurut harkat kemanusiaan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 31.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></i></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu yang formal tentang hukum
positif.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 31.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></i></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sintesa ilmiah tentang asas-asas
yang pokok dari hukum</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 31.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></i></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penyelidikan oleh para ahli hukum
tentang norma-norma, cita-cita dan teknik-teknik hukum dengan menggunakan
pengetahuan yang diperoleh dari berbagai disiplin di luar hukum yang mutakhir.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 31.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo11; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></i></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu Hukum adalah ilmu tentang hukum
dalam seginya yang paling umum. Segenap usaha untuk mengembalikan suatu kasus
kepada suatu peraturan. Dll</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan berbagai pendapat tersebut,
maka akan semakin jelaslah mengenai ruang lingkup yang dipelajari oleh ilmu
hukum. Termasuk dalam ilmu hukum ini adalah :<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/null" name="_ftnref4"></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref4;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><sup><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></sup></span></span></sup></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref4;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a. <b><i>Ilmu Kaidah</i></b>. Yaitu
ilmu yang menelaah hukum sebagai kaidah atau sistem-sistem kaidah dengan
dogmatik hukum dan sistematik hukum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b. <b><i>Ilmu Pengertian</i></b>,
yaitu ilmu tentang pengertian-pengertian pokok dalam hukum. Seperti misalnya
subjek hukum, hak dan kewajiban, peristiwa hukum, hubungan hukum dan objek dari
hukum itu sendiri.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">c. <b><i>Ilmu Kenyataan</i></b>,
yang menyoroti hukum sebagai peri kelakuan atau sikap tindak, yang antara lain
dipelajari dalam sosiologi hukum, antropologi hukum, psikologi hukum,
perbandingan hukum dan sejarah hukum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sebagaimana telah dikemukakan bahwa
ilmu tentang kenyataan atau <i>Tatsachenwissenschaft</i> atau <i>Sienwessenschaft</i>
yang menyoroti hukum sebagai perikelakuan atau sikap tindak. Termasuk sebagai
ilmu-ilmu dalam kenyataan tentang hukum adalah : </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1. <i>Sosiologi Hukum</i></span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">; ilmu yang mempelajari hubungan
timbal balik antara hukum dengan gejala-gejala sosial lainnya secara empiris
analitis. Dengan sosiologi hukum kita dapat mengetahui dan memahami
faktor-faktor apa yang mendorong dan menghambat proses penegakkan hukum dalam
masyarakat. Misalnya <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></span></span></span> </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l42 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bagaimana
keadaan hukumnya, apakah masih memadai atau sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l42 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bagaimana
keadaan para penegak hukumnya, apa menjalankan tugas-kewajibannya secara
konsekwen atau tidak, apakah mereka menindak pelanggar hukum tanpa
membeda-bedakan status sosial, jabatan, dll.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l42 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bagaimana
keadaan fasilitas/sarananya, apakah menunjang atau memadai? (terutama dalam proses
penyidikan dalam perkara pidana)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l42 level1 lfo13; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bagaimana
keadaan masyarakatnya, apakah ikut membantu penegakkan hukum atau justru
menghambat proses penegakkan hukum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan sosiologi hukum, mereka yang
mempelajarinya akan memberi kemampuan untuk :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b><i>Memahami hukum dengan konteks sosialnya</i></b>;
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ex</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> ; mempelajari hukum waris selalu terikat dengan
masyarakatnya, seperti misalnya masyarakat Tapanuli mencerminkan masyarakatnya
yang <i>Patrilinieal</i>, dimana anak laki-laki menjadi ahli warisnya; demikian
pula halnya dengan hukum waris masyarakat Minangkabau berlatar belakang sistem
masyarakatnya yang <i>Matrinieal </i>dimana kemenakan dari garis ibu yang
menjadi ahli waris.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b. <b><i>Menganalisa dan konstruksi
terhadap efektivikasi hukum dalam masyarakat, baik sebagai sarana pengendalian
sosial (a tool of social control) maupun sebagai sarana untuk mengubah
masyarakat (a tool of social engeeneering)</i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ex</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l14 level4 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak
atau belum efektifnya peraturan tentang UU Lalu Lintas Jalan Raya (UU No. 14
Tahun 1992), disebabkan karena masyarakat maupun petugas/penguasa tidak
menjalankan tugas dan kewajibannya sebagaimana tersebut dalam ketentuan
tersebut, malahan melanggarnya. Dalam hal ini hukum yang akan melakukan
pengawasan dan pengendalian masyarakat maupun penguasa/petugas agar mematuhi
peraturan-peraturan tentang hal tersebut. (<i> a tool of social control)</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l14 level4 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Demi
suksesnya Program Keluarga Berencana, Bupati Sukoharjo telah menganjurkan
supaya instansi yang ada di daerahnya tidak memberikan cuti hamil bagi ibu-ibu
yang menantikan kelahiran anak keempat. Ide itu baru diucapkan di depan Ka
Dinas dan Jawatan yang ada di Kabupaten Sukoharjo Jawa Tengah.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><sup><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></sup></span></span></sup></span><sup>
</sup>Anjuran Bupati tersebut jelas merupakan anjuran yang ingin mengubah
kebiasaan warga masyarakat di daerahnya ke arah terlaksananya Program Keluarga
Berencana, suatu rekayasa sosial sesuai pikiran Bupati tersebut, tetapi dapat
membahayakan kesehatan ibu-ibu yang hamil, bahkan tidak mustahil berakibat yang
lebih fatal, misalnya terjadi abortus dari ibu-ibu yang hamil. Belum lagi jika
Bupati tersebut sampai digugat ganti rugi dalam hal terjadi kecelakaan atau
gangguan kesehatan dari ibu hamil. (dampak negatif). Dan Putusan Mahkamah Agung
Amerika Serikat pada tahun 1954 yang menetapkan bahwa orang kulit hitam harus
dipersamakan dengan orang kulit putih (dampak positif)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l14 level4 lfo14; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan
UU No.9 Tahun 1976 (sekarang menjadi UU No. 5 Tahun 1997), yang merupakan
perbaikan dari ketentuan-ketentuan peninggalan Belanda, di mana pada waktu itu
yang dikenakan sanksi hanyalah pemadat/pemakai narkotika. Sedangkan UU No.9
Tahun 1976 (Sekarang menjadi UU No. 5 Tahun 1997) tersebut di atas memberikan
ancaman hukuman yang berat terhadap para penanam dan pengedar bahan-bahan
narkotika. Terutama kepada para petani yang disuruh menanam ganja.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">c. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b><i>Mengadakan evaluasi terhadap efektivitas
hukum di dalam masyarakat</i></b>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 4.3pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ex</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> ; Dengan melakukan penilaian atas peraturan-peraturan yang
berlaku, apakah peraturannya yang perlu diperbaiki atakah para penegak hukumnya
yang perlu diperbaiki, ataukah fasilitasnya yang perlu ditambah atau
masyarakatnya yang memungkinkan lancarnya proses penegakkan hukum;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 4.3pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2. <i>Antropologi Hukum</i></span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">; ilmu yang mempelajari pola-pola
sengketa dan bagaimana penyelesaiannya dalam masyarakat sederhana dan
masyarakat modern. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Metode pendekatan antropolog menurut
<i>Euber</i> : suatu segi yang menonjol dari ilmu antrologi adalah pendekatan
secara menyeluruh yang dilakukan terhadap manusia. Para Antropolog mempelajari
tidak hanya semacam jenis manusia, mereka juga mempelajari semua aspek dari
pengalaman manusia, seperti penulisan tentang gambaran tentang bagian dari
sejarah manusia, lingkungan hidup dan kehidupan keluarga-keluarga, pemukiman,
segi-segi ekonomi, politik, agama, gaya, kesenian dan berpakaian, bahasa dan
sebagainya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ex </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: pola penyelesaian sengketa
masyarakat dalam kasus “ kawin lari”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk
masyarakat sederhana pola sengketa dan penyelesaiannya adalah dalam bentuk
putusan penguasa adat dan putusan masyarakat adat</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo15; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk
masyarakat modern, pola sengketa dan penyelesaiaannya adalah dalam bentuk
Putusan/Vonis Hakim Pengadilan Negeri/Pengadilan Tinggi/Mahkamah Agung.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3. <i>Psikologi Hukum</i></span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">; ilmu yang mempelajari bahwa hukum
itu merupakan perubahan perwujudan jiwa manusia. Atau dapat juga dikatakan
bahwa Psikologi Hukum adalah suatu cabang pengetahuan yang mempelajari hukum
sebagai suatu perwujudan dari perkembangan jiwa manusia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Psikologi adalah ilmu pengetahuan
tentang prilaku manusia (<i>human behaviour</i>), maka dalam kaitannya dengan
studi hukum, ia akan melihat hukum sebagai salah satu dari pencerminan perilaku
manusia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ex</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: Perwujudan jiwa manusia itu dapat berupa :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l45 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tindakan
mentaati peraturan yang berlaku;</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l45 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tindakan
melanggar peraturan yang berlaku;</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l45 level1 lfo16; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tindakan yang termasuk dalam
ontocrekening vatbaarheid dalam pidana (Pasal 49 KUHP dst, berupa keadaan <i>overmacht-noodwer
exeess</i>-tekanan atasan-gangguan jiwa) Peranan sanksi pidana terhadap
kriminalitas, dll</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4. <i>Sejarah Hukum</i></span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">; ilmu yang mempelajari hukum-hukum
pada masa lampau/penjajahan sampai dengan masa sekarang). Sejarah hukum juga
adalah salah satu idang studi ilmu hukum yang mempelajari perkembangan dan
asal-usul sistem hukum dalam suatu masyarakat tertentu, dan memperbandingkan
antara hukum yang berbeda karena dibatasi oleh perbedaan waktu</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ex</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: Di Indonesia, dibatasi sejak zaman Hindia Belanda sampai
dengan sekarang (Orde Reformasi). Sekarang, ternyata masih menggunakan aturan yang
berlaku pada zaman Hindia Belanda, misalnya :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l35 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KUHP
(<i>Wetboek Van Straafrecht</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l35 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KUH
Perdata (<i>Burgerlijk Wetboek</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l35 level1 lfo17; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">UU
No. 1 Tahun 1974, Pasal 66; dimana ketentuan GHR (Stb.1898 No.158) HOCI/Stb.
193 No. 74), BW masih bisa dijadikan pedoman bila ternyata ada masalah yang
tidak diatur oleh UU tersebut di atas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">5. <i>Perbandingan Hukum</i></span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">; suatu metode studi hukum yang
mempelajari perbedaan sistem hukum antara negara yang satu dengan yang lain.
Atau membandingkan sistem hukum positif dari bangsa yang satu dengan bangsa
yang lain.dapat juga dikatakan bahwa Perbandingan Hukum adalah ilmu yang
membandingkan sistem-sistem hukum yang ada pada satu negara atau antar negara.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ex</span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : Dalam satu negara, misalnya di Indonesia dengan
memperbandingkan antara sistem hukum masyarakat
Minangkabau-Tapanuli-Bugis-Dayak-Makasar-Sunda-Jawa, dan lain-lain. Sedangkan
perbandingan hukum antar negara misalnya; antara Hukum yang berlaku di
Indonesia dengan Malaysia-Singapore-Amerika, dll.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/blogger.g?blogID=2582096905088977360#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><sup><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[7]</span></sup></span></span></sup></span></a><sup>
</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3. BIDANG-BIDANG
STUDI HUKUM</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 13.7pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A. </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengertian Sosiologi Hukum</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sosiologi
hukum merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari hubungan timbal balik antara hukum dengan
gejala sosial secara analitis dan empiris (adanya gejala sosial). Gejala
sosiologi merupakan tanda-tanda yang muncul dalam kehidupan sosial yang disebut
sebagai masyarakat. Dengan konteks yang seperti tu maka dapat dikatakan
sosiologi hukum adalah sebagai alat untuk mengubah dan mengontrol gejala sosial
yang ada di masyarakat. Gejala-gejala sosial itu dapat dipengaruhi dan dapat
pula saling mempengaruhi satu sama lainnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut
Satjipto Rahardjo, sosiologi hukum dirumuskan sebagai ilmu yang mempelajari
fenomena hukum. Dari sudut pandang yang demikian itu, Satjipto Rahardjo
memberikan beberapa karakteristik studi secara sosiologis, sebagai berikut:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sosiologi hukum bertujuan untuk memberikan
penjelasan terhadap praktik-praktik hukum. Apabila praktik itu dibedakan dalam
pembuatan undang-undang dan penerapannya di pengadilan, maka sosiologi hukum
itu mempelajari bagaimana praktik tersebut dapat terjadi pada masing-masing
kegiatan tersebut. Dalam hal ini sosiologi hukum berusaha untuk menjelaskan
mengapa praktik yang demikian itu dapat terjadi, apa sebab-sebabnya ataupun
faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya, latar belakangnya. Dan dengan demikian
mempelajari hukum secara sosiologis adalah menyelidiki tingkah laku orang dalam
bidang hukum, baik yang sesuai dengan hukum maupun yang menyimpang dari hukum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sosiologi hukum senantiasa mengkaji kesahian
empiris. Sifat khas yang muncul disini adalah mengenai bagaimana kenyataan
peraturan itu, apakah kenyataan seperti yang tertera dalam bunyi peraturan atau
tidak.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo18; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sosiologi hukum tidak melakukan penilaian
terhadap hukum terapi hanya memberikan penjelasan dari objek yang
dipelajarinya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .55in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sementara
bagi Roscoe Pound, permasalahan utama yang dewasa ini menjadi perhatian dari
para praktisi sosiologi hukum adalah bagaimana mendorong pembuat hukum
menafsirkan atau menerapkan aturan-aturan hukum yang lebih mengacu kepada
fakta-fakta sosial.Ruang Lingkup Sosiologi Hukum</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .55in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -.2pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Ruang-Ruang Sosiologi Hukum Meliputi: </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dasar-dasar sosial dari
hukum (the genetic sociology of law) dengan anggapan bahwa hukum timbul sebagai
hasil dan proses sosial. Sebagai contoh; Pancasila sebagai sumber dari segala
sumber hukum, yang mana semua hukum di Indonesia haruslah hukum yang
berketuhanan, yang berkemanusiaan, yang bercorak Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, yang
berkerakyatan, dan yang adil.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b. Efek
hukum terhadap masyarakat (the operational sociology of law). Pada ruang ini
dilihat bagaimana pengaruh hukum terhadap masyarakat</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">C. Pembidangan Sosiologi
Hukum</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sosiologi
hukum teoritis, yang dalam kajiannya senantiasa berupaya untuk menghasilkan generalisasi
atau kesimpulan setelah melalui pengumpulan data, pemeriksaan terhadap
keteraturan sosial, dan pengembangan hipotesis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b.
Sosiologi hukum empirik, yang dalam kajiannya bertujuan untuk menguji hipotesis
tersebut melalui pendekatan yang sistematis dan metodologis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">c. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sosiologi
hukum evaluatif, yang lebih memberikan penekanan pada perspektif internal,
yakni perspektif partisipan yang berbicara.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 14.2pt 49.65pt 78.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ANTROPOLOGI HUKUM</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 7.1pt; tab-stops: 14.2pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sebagai fitur penting dalam
ilmu tentang kenyataan, antropologi hukum dalam ruang pembahasaannya melihat
tentang bagaimana keterkaitan antara hubungan manusia dengan budaya hukum
sehingga turut pula mempengaruhi hukum itu sendiri.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A. Ruang Lingkup Antropologi Hukum </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Menurut
Laura Nader, dalam bukunya the anthropological study of law (1965) dikemukakan
bahwa ruang lingkup antropologi hukum itu berkisar pada pembahasan tentang:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1). Apakah dalam setiap masyarakat terdapat
hukum,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dan bagaimana karakteristik hukum
yang universal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2). Bagaimana hubungan antara hukum dengan
aspek kebudayaan dan-organisasi social.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3). Mungkinkah mengadakan tipologi hukum
tertentu, sedangkan variasi karakteristik hukum terbatas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4). Apakah tipologi hukum itu berguna untuk
menelaah hubungan antara hukum dan aspek kebudayaan dan orgaisasi social.
Mengapa pula hukum itu berubah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 21.3pt 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>B. Manfaat Antropologi Hukum </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 30.75pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Studi
antropologi hukum menaruh minat terhadap hukum dari segi intelektual dan
filosofis. Antropologi hukum bukan diarah pada penegetahuan mengenai hukum yang
langsung dapat diterapkan kepada urusan praktis. Dengan begitu manfaat
penekunan hukum dari segi antropologis ini adalah gambaran yang lebih mendalam
menegenai bekerjanya hukum sebagai penegndalian sosial dan bagaimana hal itu
berkaitan dengan nilai-nilai budaya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">C.
Metode Pendekatan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1). Metode historis: </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cara
pendekatan dengan metode historis dengan <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>dimaksud
ialah dengan mempelajari perilaku manusia dan budaya <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>hukumnya dengan kecamat sejarah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; tab-stops: .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2). Metode Normatif-ekploratif: Cara
pendekatan dengan metode <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>normatif
eksploratif yang dimaksud ialah mempelajari manusia dan budaya hukumnya dengan
bertitik tolak kepada kaidah-kaidah hukum yang sudah ada, baik dalam bentuk
kelembagaan maupun dalam bentuk perilaku.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3). Metode Deskriptif Pelaku: Metode ini
bertitik tolak dari hukum eksplisit (terang dan jelas) aturannya, yang fositif
dinyatakan berlaku, tetapi yang diutamakannya adalah kenyataan-kenyataan hukum
yang benar benar nempak dalam situasi hukum atau peristiwa hukumnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4). </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Metode Studi Kasus: Dalam
pendekatan antropologi hukum dengan metode studi kasus dipelajari kasus-kasus
peristiwa <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>hukum yang terjadi, terutama
kasus-kasus perselisihan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.3 SEJARAH HUKUM</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sejarah
hukum adalah salah satu bidang studi hukum yang <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>mempelajari perkembangan dan asal-usul sistem hukum dalam
masyarakat <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>tertentu dan
memperbandingkan atara hukum yang berbeda karena dibatasi <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>waktu <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>yang
berbeda pula.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.7pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>Sebagai suatu cabang ilmu
sejarah, sejarah hukum terus <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>berkembang
dari zaman ke zaman. Perkembangan sejarah tentang hukum <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>terjadi dengan berbagai model, sebagai berikut:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1).</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada
umumnya, perkembangan hukum terjadi secara evolutif linier menuju ke arah yang
lebih baik, logis, efektif, dan efisien.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2). Dalam keadaan linier,
sekali-sekali terjadi perkembangan dengan arah <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">zig-zag</i>, semacam revolusi dalam perkembangan hukum dengan melaju
secara cepat dan linier.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3). </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Banyak juga perkembangan
hukum terjadi secara evolutif, tetapi dengan arah melingkar, sehingga
menghasilkan hukum yang berorientasi kembali ke masa lalu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.55pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>Perkembangan metode dan ilmu
sejarah hukum terbilang relatif l<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>ambat,
karena sejarah hukum ini baru dikenal semenjak ahli hukum, yaitu <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Von Savigny, mencetuskan teori <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">historical jurisprudence</i>. Keterlambatan <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>lahir dan perkembangan sejarah hukum
disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>sebagai
berikut:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1). Kuatnya pengaruh ajaran
hukum alam yang modern maupun klasik, dengan mengandalkan logika, dengan
mengembangkan cara berfikir bahwa seolah-olah semua masalah hukum dapat
dipecahkan dengan akal sehat menuju satu hukum yang rasional yang dapat berlaku
dimana-mana. Dalam hal ini, hukum yang baik dapat direnungkan di tempat-tempay
sepi, tanpa perlu melihat kenyataan dalam sejarah umat manusia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2).</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kuatnya
pengaruh paham agama dalam bidang hukum terjadi sejak dahulu kala. Namun,
terutama dizaman pertengahan, manusia memandang hukum berasal dari atas (dari
Tuhan), dimana manusia wajib mengikutinya tanpa syarat. Hal itu memutus mata
rantai hukum dengan masa lalu secara revolutif.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3). Kuatnya pengaruh paham
positivisme dalam hukum, terutama di abad 18 dan 19, yang mengarahkan pendangan
orang tentang hukum yang terjadi saat itu saja, sebagaimana yang tertulis dalam
undang-undang atau sebagaimana diperintahkan oleh penguasa</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Selanjutnya,
dalam sejarah terlihat bahwa kaidah-kaidah hukum <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>dikembangkan oleh berbagai pihak yang dicatat oleh sejarah,
tetapi <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>umumnya tidak tercatat siapa
pengembangnya. Para pengembang kaidah <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>hukum
yang kemudian menjadi sejarah hukum ialah sebagai berikut:</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tuhan dan rasul yang melahirkan kaidah-kaidah
hukum agama bagiyangpercaya kepada agama.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Orang-orang bijak dalam sejarah yang
melahirkan berbagai hukum adat dan hukum kebiasaan, tetapi tidak pernah dicatat
namanya oleh sejarah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Para pengomando pembuat undang-undang dan
kondifikasi, seperti raja Hammurabi (dari Kerajaan Babilonia) yang melahirkan
yang melahirkan undang-undang Hammurabi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Para pembuat undang-undang dan peraturan yang
berlaku sehari-hari, umumnya mewakili lembaga tertentu. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo19; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Para hakim yang melahirkan hukum
yurisprudensi, yang umumnya tidak dikenal dalam sejarah hukum di negara-nega
Eropa Kontinental, meskipun sering kali dikenal dalam sejarah hukum Anglo
Saxon. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.55pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.4 PSIKOLOGI HUKUM</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>Psikologi hukum adalah suatu
cabang pengetahuan yang mempelajari hukum<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>sebagai suatu perwujudan dari perkembangan jiwa manusia. Psikologi
adalah ilmu pengetahuan tentang perilaku manusia (human behaviour) maka dalam
kaitannya dengan studi hukum, ia akan melihat hukum sebagai salah satu dari
pencerminan perilaku manusia</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Suatu kenyataan bahwa salah satu yang
menonjol pada hukum, terutama pada hukum modern adalah penggunaannya secara
sadar sebagai alat untuk mencapai tujuan-tujuan yang dikehendaki. Dengan
demikian sadar atau tidak, hukum telah memasuki bidang psikologi, terutama
psikologi sosial. Sebagai contoh hukum pidana misalnya merupakan bidang hukum
yang berkait rapat dengan psikologi, seperti tentang paksaan psikologis,
peranan sanksi pidana terhadap kriminalitas dan lain-lain sebagainya yang
menunjukkan hubungan antara hukum sengan psikologi. Contoh studi yang jelas
misalnya yang diketengahkan dalam pendapat Leon Petrazycki ( 1867-1931) , ahli
filsafat hukum yang menggarap unsur psikologis dalam hukum dengan
menempatkannya sebagai unsur utama.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.5<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>FILSAFAT HUKUM</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>Untuk
mengupas pengertian filsafat hukum, terlebih dahulu kita harus mengetahui di
mana letak filsafat hukum dalam filsafat. Sebagaimana telah diketahui bahwa
hukum terkait dengan tingkah laku/perilaku manusia, terutama untuk mengatur
perilaku manusia agar tidak terjadi kekacauan. Dengan demikian, dapat
disimpulkan bahwa filsafat hukum adalah sub dari cabang filsafat manusia yang
disebut dengan etika atau filsafat tingkah laku. Jadi, tepat dikatakan bahwa
filsafat manusia berkedudukan sebagai genus, etika sebagai species dan filsafat
hukum sebagai subspecies.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>Filsafat
hukum sebagai sub dari cabang filsafat manusia, yaitu etika mempelajari hakikat
hukum. Dengan kata lain, filsafat hukum adalah ilmu yang mempelajari hukum
secara filosofis. Rasionya, filsafat hukum adalah hukum dan objek tersebut
dikaji secara mendalam sampai kepada inti atau dasarnya yang disebut hakikat.
Hakikat dari hukum dapat dijelaskan dengan jalan memberikan definisi dari
hukum. Definisi hukum sangat bervariasi tergantung dari sudut pandang para ahli
hukum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>Dengan
kata lain, filsafat hukum berusaha menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang tidak
dapat dijawab oleh ilmu hukum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.55pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>2.6
POLITIK HUKUM</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Menurut Satjipto
Rahardjo, ia mengartikan bahwa politik hukum merupakan suatu bidang studi hukum
yang kegiatannya memilih atau menentukan hukum mana yang sesuai dengan tujuan
yang hendak dicapai oleh masyarakat. Sementara menurut Mahfuf M.D ialah bahwa
hukum merupakan produk politik, sehingga karakter setiap produk hukum akan
sangat ditentukan atau diwarnai oleh imbangan kekuatan atau konfigurasi politik
yang melahirkannya. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Dengan segenap
cakrawala atas pengertian politik hukum itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa politik hukum
itu merupakan suatu sistem ajaran hukum khusus yang memanfaatkan sistem ajaran
hukum umum (ilmu hukum dan filsafat hukum) dalam rangka menyediakan
instrumen/alat-alat ataupun sarana yang dapat digunakan sebagai landasan
akademik bagi teknologi hukum yang berupa penelitian hukum, pembentukan hukum,
penemuan hukum, pelaksanaan/penegakkan hukum dan landasan akademik untuk
pemberlakuan tata hukum dalam upaya mencapai tujuan hukum yang dikehendaki oleh
suatu masyarakat hukum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ruang
lingkup atau wilayah kajian (domain) disiplin politik hukum adalah
meliputi aspek lembaga kenegaraan pembuat politik</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4.
PENGERTIAN DASAR TENTANG HUKUM</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A.
Pengertian Hukum</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum berasal dari bahasa arab yang
berbentuk mufrad (tunggal). Kata jamaknya diambil alih dalam bahasa indonesia
menjadi “hukum”. Hukum juga dinamakan recht yang berasal dari kata rechtum, di
ambil dari bahasa latin yang berarti pimpinan atau tuntunan atau pemerintahan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Di dalam ilmu ushul fiqih terdapat
beberapa istilah yang berkaitan dengan hukum, yaitu hukum (<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الحكم</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>), hakim (<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الحاكم</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>),
mahkum fihi (<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">محكوم فيه</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>), dan mahkum ‘alaih (<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">محكوم عليه</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>). Secara bahasa hukum (<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">الحكم</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>) berarti man’u (<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">المنع</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>) yang
berarti “mencegah”, hukum juga berarti qadla’ (<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">القضاء</span><span dir="LTR"></span><span dir="LTR"></span>) yang berarti “putusan”.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><sup><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></sup></span></span></sup></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Adapun secara istilah, pengertian
hukum menurut ulama’ ushul yaitu:</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; unicode-bidi: embed;">
<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">الحكم هو خطاب الشارع المتعلق بافعال
المكلفين , طلبا او تخييرا او وضعا<sup>.</sup></span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><sup><span dir="LTR" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><sup><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></sup></span></span></span></sup></span><sup><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></sup></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span dir="LTR"></span>“Hukum adalah khitab syari’ (Allah) yang berhubungan dengan
perbuatan seoarang mukallaf, berupa tuntutan, pilihan ataupun ketetapan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dapat disimpulkan bahwa hukum
bermakna sebuah ketentuan atau peraturan-peraturan yang harus dilaksanakan dan
bagi yang melanggarnya akan mendapatkan hukuman atau sanksi sesuai dengan
kesalahan yang diperbuat.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><sup><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></sup></span></span></sup></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B. Pengertian Hukum Menurut Ahli</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> 1. Van Kan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 22.5pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum
adalah keseluruhan peraturan hidup yang bersifat memaksa untuk melindungi
kepentingan manusia di dalam masyarakat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> 2. Wiryono Kusumo</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum adalah keseluruhan peraturan
baik yang tertulis maupun tidak tertulis yang mengatur tata tertib di dalam
masyarakat dan terhadap pelanggarnya umumnya dikenakan sanksi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> 3. Aristoteles</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum adalah kumpulan peraturan yang
tidak hanya mengikat masyarakat tetapi juga hakim.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> 4. Utrecht</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum adalah himpunan peraturan
berupa perintah ataupun larangan yang mengatur tata tertib dalam suatu
masyarakat dan seharusnya ditaati oleh anggota masyarakat yang bersangkutan.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">C. Pengertian Hukum Dalam Islam</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum syara’ menurut istilah para
ahli ilmu ushul fiqh ialah : Khithab Syari’ yang bersangkutan dengan perbuatan
orang – orang mukallaf, baik dalam bentuk tuntutan, pilihan, atau ketetapan. <span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><sup><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></sup></span></span></sup></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum menurut bahasa, artinya : “
Menetapkan sesuatu atas sesuatu ” <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA">اثبات شئ على شئ </span>sedang
menurut istilah, ialah : “Khithab (titah) Allah, atau sabda Nabi Muhammad
s.a.w.yang berhubungan dengan segala amal perbuatan mukallaf, baik titah itu
mengandung tuntutan suruhan , larangan atau membolehkan sesuatu, atau
menjadikan sesuatu sebab, syarat atau memperbolehkan sesuatu, atau menjadikan
sesuatu sebab, syarat atau penghalang (mâni’) bagi sesuatu hukum “<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><sup><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><sup><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></sup></span></span></sup></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">D. Tujuan Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan hukum mempunyai sifat
universal seperti ketertiban, ketentraman, kedamaian, kesejahteraan, dan
kebahagiaan dalam tata kehidupan bermasyarakat. Dengan adanya hukum maka tiap
perkara dapat diselesaikan melalui proses pengadilan dengan prantara hakim
berdasarkan ketentuan hukum yang berlaku, selain itu hukum bertujuan untuk
menjaga dan mencegah agar setiap orang tidak dapat menjadi hakim atas dirinya
sendiri. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam Islam, hukum tentunya berasal
dari Allah melalui Rasulullah dengan dua dasar sumber hukum umat Islam yaitu
Al-Quran dan Hadis dengan tujuan untuk mengatur kehidupan manusia dan
perjalanan aktivitas manusia dengan melaksankan apa yang diperintahkan dan
menjauhi apa yang dilarang oleh Allah swt.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">5.
SUMBER – SUMBER HUKUM</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ada 2 sumber hukum yatu sumber hukum
dalam arti materil dan formil.<span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumber hukum materiil</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumber hukum materiil adalah faktor
yg turut serta menentukan isi hukum. Dapat ditinjau dari berbagai sudut
misalnya sudut ekonomi, sejarah, sosiologi, filsafat, agama, dll. Dalam kata
lain sumber hukum materil adalah faktor-faktor masyarakat yang mempengaruhi
pembentukan hukum (pengaruh terhadap pembuat UU, pengaruh terhadap keputusan
hakim, dsb). Atau faktor yang ikut mempengaruhi materi (isi) dari aturan-aturan
hukum, atau tempat darimana materi hukum tiu diambil. Sumber hukum materil ini
merupakan faktor yang membantu pembentukan hukum. Faktor tersebut adalah faktor
idiil dan faktor kemasyarakatan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Faktor idiil adalah patokan-patokan
yang tetap mengenai keadilan yang harus ditaati oleh para pembentuk UU ataupun
para pembentuk hukum yang lain dalam melaksanakan tugasnya.<span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Faktor kemasyarakatan adalah hal-hal
yang benar-benar hidup dalam masyarakat dan tunduk pada aturan-aturan yang
berlaku sebagai petunjuk hidup masyarakat yang bersangkutan. Contohnya struktur
ekonomi, kebiasaan, adat istiadat, dll</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam berbagai kepustakan hukum
ditemukan bahwa sumber hukum materil itu terdiri dari tiga jenis yaitu (van
Apeldoorn) :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumber hukum historis (rechtsbron in
historischezin) yaitu tempat kita dapat menemukan hukumnya dalam sejarah atau
dari segi historis. Sumber hukum ini dibagi menjadi :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumber hukum yg merupakan tempat
dapat ditemukan atau dikenal hukum secara historis : dokumen-dokumen kuno,
lontar, dll.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumber hukum yg merupakan tempat
pembentuk UU mengambil hukumnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumber hukum sosiologis (rechtsbron
in sociologischezin) yaitu Sumber hukum dalam arti sosiologis yaitu merupakan
faktor-faktor yang menentukan isi hukum positif, seperti misalnya keadaan
agama, pandangan agama, kebudayaan dsb.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumber hukum filosofis (rechtsbron
in filosofischezin) sumber hukum ini dibagi lebih lanjut menjadi dua :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumber
isi hukum; disini dinyatakan isi hukum asalnya darimana.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ada
tiga pandangan yang mencoba menjawab pertanyaan ini yaitu :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pandangan theocratis, menurut
pandangan ini hukum berasal dari Tuhan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pandangan hukum kodrat; menurut
pandangan ini isi hukum berasal dari akal manusia</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pandangan mazhab hostoris; menurut
pandangan isi hukum berasal dari kesadaran hukum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumber hukum formal</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumber hukum formal adalah sumber
hukum dengan bentuk tertentu yang merupakan dasar berlakunya hukum secara
formal. Jadi sumber hukum formal merupakan dasar kekuatan mengikatnya
peraturan-peraturan agar ditaati oleh masyarakat maupun oleh penegak hukum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apa beda antara undang-undang dengan
peraturan perundang-undangan ? Undang-undang dibuat oleh DPR persetujuan
presiden, sedangkan peraturan perundang-undangan dibuat berdasarkan wewenang
masing-masing pembuatnya, seperti PP, dll atau<br />
Peraturan Perundang-undangan adalah peraturan tertulis yang dibentuk oleh
lembaga negara atau pejabat yang berwenang dan mengikat secara umum (Pasal 1 ayat
2 UU No. 10 tahun 2004)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Macam-macam sumber hukum formal :</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Undang-undang</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">yaitu
suatu peraturan negara yang mempunyai kekuatan hukum yang mengikat diadakan dan
dipelihara oleh penguasa negara<span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut Buys, Undang-Undang itu mempunyai
2 arti :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam arti formil, yaitu setiap
keputusan pemerintah yang merupakan UU karena cara pembuatannya (misalnya,
dibuat oleh pemerintah bersama-sama dengan parlemen)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam arti material, yaitu setiap
keputusan pemerintah yang menurut isinya mengikat setiap penduduk.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 45.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut UU No. 10 tahun 2004 yang
dimaksud dengan UU adalah peraturan perundang-undangan yang dibentuk oleh DPR
dengan persetujuan bersama Presiden (pasal 1 angka 3)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 45.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Syarat berlakunya</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> ialah diundangkannya dalam lembaran
negara (LN = staatsblad) dulu oleh Menteri/Sekretaris negara. Sekarang oleh
Menkuhham (UU No. 10 tahun 2004). Tujuannya agar setiap orang dapat mengetahui
UU tersebut (fictie=setiap orang dianggap tahu akan UU = <i>iedereen wordt
geacht de wet te kennen, nemo ius ignorare consetur= in dubio proreo, latin)</i>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 45.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Konsekuensinya adalah ketika
seseorang melanggar ketentuan hukum tidak boleh beralasan bahwa ketentuan hukum
itu tidak diketahuinya. Artinya apabila suatu ketentuan perundang-undangan itu
sudah diberlakukan (diundangkan) maka dianggap (difiksikan) bahwa semua orang
telah mengetahuinya dan untuk itu harus ditaati.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berakhirnya/tidak berlaku lagi jika
:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jangka waktu berlakunya telah
ditentukan UU itu sudah lampau</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Keadaan atau hal untuk mana UU itu
diadakan sudah tidak ada lagi .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">c.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">UU itu dengan tegas dicabut oleh
instansi yang membuat atau instansi yang lebih tinggi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.9pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">d.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Telah ada UU yang baru yang isinya
bertentangan atau berlainan dgn UU yg dulu berlaku.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kebiasaan (custom)</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kebiasaan adalah perbuatan manusia yang tetap dilakukan
berulang-ulang dalam hal yang sama. Apabila suatu kebiasaan tertentu diterima
oleh masyarakat dan kebiasaan itu selalu berulang-ulang dilakukan sedemikan
rupa, sehingga tindakan yang berlawanan dengan kebiasaan itu dirasakan sebagai
pelanggaran perasaan hukum, maka dengan demikian timbullah suatu kebiasaan
hukum, yang oleh pergaulan hidup dipandang sebagai hukum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Namun demikian tdk semua kebiasaan itu pasti mengandung
hukum yg baik dan adil oleh sebab itu belum tentu kebiasaan atau adat istiadat
itu pasti menjadi sumber hukum formal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Adat kebiasaan tertentu di daerah hukum adat tertentu yg
justru sekarang ini dilarang untuk diberlakukan karena dirasakan tidak adil dan
tidak berperikemanusiaan sehingga bertentangan denagan Pancasila yang merupakan
sumber dari segala sumber hukum, misalnya jika berbuat susila/zinah, perlakunya
ditelanjangi kekeliling kampung.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk timbulnya hukum kebiasaan
diperlukan beberapa syarat :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Adanya perbuatan tertentu yg
dilakukan berulang2 di dalam masyarakat tertentu (syarat materiil)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Adanya keyakinan hukum dari
masyarakat yang bersangkutan (opinio necessitatis = bahwa perbuatan tsb
merupakan kewajiban hukum atau demikianlah seharusnya) = syarat intelektual</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Adanya akibat hukum apabila
kebiasaan itu dilanggar.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Selanjutnya
kebiasaan akan menjadi hukum kebiasaan karena kebiasaan tersebut dirumuskan
hakim dalam putusannya. Selanjutnya berarti kebiasaan adalah sumber hukum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kebiasaan adalah bukan hukum apabila
UU tidak menunjuknya (pasal 15 AB = (Algemene Bepalingen van Wetgeving voor
Indonesia = ketentuan2 umum tentang peraturan per UU an untuk Indonesia</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">c.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jurisprudensi (keputusan2 hakim)</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Adalah keputusan hakim yang terdahulu yag dijadikan dasar
pada keputusan hakim lain sehingga kemudian keputusan ini menjelma menjadi
keputusan hakim yang tetap terhadap persoalan/peristiwa hukum tertentu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 18.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Seorang hakim mengkuti keputusan hakim yang terdahulu itu
karena ia sependapat dgn isi keputusan tersebut dan lagi pula hanya dipakai
sebagai pedoman dalam mengambil sesuatu keputusan mengenai suatu perkara yang
sama.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ada 2 jenis yurisprudensi :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yurisprudensi tetap keputusan hakim
yg terjadi karena rangkaian keputusan yang serupa dan dijadikan dasar atau
patokanuntuk memutuskan suatu perkara (standart arresten)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yurisprudensi tidak tetap, ialah
keputusan hakim terdahulu yang bukan standart arresten.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">d.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Traktat (treaty)</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Traktat adalah perjanjian yang
diadakan oleh 2 negara atau lebih yang mengikat tidak saja kepada masing-masing
negara itu melainkan mengikat pula warga negara-negara dari negara-negara yang
berkepentingan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Macam-macam Traktat :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Traktat bilateral, yaitu traktat
yang diadakan hanya oleh 2 negara, misalnya perjanjian internasional yang
diadakan diadakan antara pemerintah RI dengan pemerintah RRC tentang
“Dwikewarganegaraan”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Traktat multilateral, yaitu
perjanjian internaisonal yang diikuti oleh beberapa negara, misalnya perjanjian
tentang pertahanan negara bersama negara-negara Eropa (NATO) yang diikuti oleh
beberapa negara Eropa.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">e.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perjanjian (overeenkomst)</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah suatu peristiwa dimana dua
orang atau lebih saling berjanji untuk melakukan atau tidak melakukan perbuatan
tertentu. Para pihak yang telah saling sepakat mengenai hal-hal yang
diperjanjikan, berkewajiban untuk mentaati dan melaksanakannya (asas (pact sunt
servanda).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">6. SISTEM HUKUM DAN KLASIFIKASI HUKUM</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1. SISTEM HUKUM</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A.
</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengertian Sistem Hukum</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut Sudikno Mertukusumo, sistem hukum
merupakan tatanan atau kesatuan yang utuh, yaitu kaidah atau pernyataan tentang
yang seharusnya sehingga sistem hukum merupakan sistem normatif. Dengan kata
lain, sistem hukum adalah kumpulan unsur yang ada dalam interaksi yang antara
satu dan yang lainnya merupakan satu kesatuan yang terorganisasi dan kerja sama
pada arah tujuan kesatuan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Masing-masing bagian tidak berdiri
sendiri terlepas satu dan lain, tetapi saling terkait. Arti pentingnya adalah
bahwa setiap bagian terletak pada ikatan sistem, dalam kesatuan dan hubungannya
yang sistematis dengan peraturan-peraturan hukum lainnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem hukum adalah kesatuan hukum
yang terdiri atas bagian-bagian hukum sebagai unsur pendunkung. Masing-masing
bagian atau unsur tersebut saling berhubungan dan bersifat fungsional,
resiprokal (timbal-balik), pengaruh-mempengaruhi, dan saling ketergantungan
(independen).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum Merupakan Suatu Sistem</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 13.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bagian-bagian dari hukum merupakan unsur-unsur yang
mendukung hukum sebagai satu kesatuan (integral) dalam suatu jaringan dengan
hubungan yang fungsional, respirokal, dan interpedensi. Misalnya HTN, HAN,
hukum pidana, hukum perdata, hukum islam, dan seterusnya yang mengarah pada
tujuan yang sama, yaitu mencipyakan kepastian hukum, keadilan dan kegunaan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 13.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk mecapai suatu tujuan dari kesatuan hukum, diperlukan
kerjasama antara bagian-bagian atau unsur-unsur tersebut menurut rencana dan
pola tertentu. Dalam sistem hukum yang baik, tidak boleh terjadi pertentangan
atau tumpang tindih diantara bagian-bagian yang ada. Jika pertentangan terjadi,
maka sistem hukum itu sendiri yang menyelesaikannya sehingga tidak akan
berlarut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 13.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum yang merupakan sistem tersusun atas sejumlah bagian
yang masing-masing merupakan sistem yang dinamakan subsistem. Semua itu
bersama-sama merupakan satu kesatuan yang utuh. Misalnya sistem hukum positif
di Indonesia, terdapat subsistem hukum perdata, subsistem hukum pidana,
subsistem hukum tata negara, subsistem hhuku islam, subsistem hukum
administrasi negara, dan lain-lain yang satu dan yang lainnya saling berbeda.
Sistem hukum di dunia ini ada bermacam-macam, yang satu dan yang lainnya saling
berbeda.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 13.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem hukum menunjukkan adanya unsur-unsur dan sifat
hubungannya, sedangkan tata hukum menunjukkan struktur dan proses hubungan dari
unsur-unsur hukum. Pembagian sistem hukum dapat dilihat dari peraturan atau
norma hukum yang kemudian dikelompokkan dan disusun dalam suatu struktur atau
keseluruhan dari berbagai struktur.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">C.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem Hukum di Indonesia</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 13.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum Indonesia adalah keseluruhan kaidah dan asas
berdasarkan keadilan yang mengatur hubungan manusia dalam masyarakat yang
berlaku sekaranag di Indonesia. Sebagai hukum nasional, berlakunya hukum di
Indonesia dibatasi dalam wilayah hukum tertentu, dan ditujukan pada subjek dan
objek hukum tertentu pula. Hukum Indonesia sebagai perlengkapan masyarakat ini
berfungsi untuk menintegrasikan kepentingan-kepentingan masyarakat shingga
menciptakan ketertiban dan keteraturan. Karena hukum mengatur hubungan antar
manusia. Ukuran hubungan tersebut adalah keadilan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 13.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum Indonesia pada dasarnya merupakan suatu sistem yang
terdiri atas unsur-unsur atau bagian-bagian yang satu dan yang lainnya saling
berkaitan dan berhubungan untuk mecapai tujuan yang didasarkan didalam UUD 1945
dan dijiwai oleh falsafah Pancasila. Sebagai suatu sistem, sistem hukum di
Indonesia telah menyediakan sarana untuk menyelesaikan konflik diantara
unsur-unsurnya. Sistem hukum Indonesia juga bersifat terbuka, sehinggan
disamping faktor diluar sistem, sistem hukum Indonesia juga menerima penafsiran
lain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 13.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Salah satu hal yang spesifik dari sistem hukum Indonesia dan
sistem hukum negara lain adalah tekad untuk tidak melanjutkan hukum warisan
pemerintah kolonial yang pernah menjajahnya. Tekad ini direalisasikan dengan
melakukan perubahan fundamental pada hukum warisan kolonial.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perubahan yang dilakukan meliputi :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Melakukan unufikasi terhadap KUHP;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menghapus sistem pembagian golongan;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">c.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Memberlakukan satu sistem peradilan
umum diseluruh Indonesia dengan menghapuskan perbedaan sistem peradilan yang
sempat ada pada masa pemerintahan kolonial.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ciri khas lain dari hukum Indonesia
adalah:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Diberlakukannya keanekaragaman hukum
perdata;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berlakunya hukum tidak tertulis
disamping hukum tertuli (hukum adat);</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">c.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Membentuk hukum nasional yang mampu
mengikuti perkembangan masyarakat dan tetap mewadahi keanekaragaman hukum adat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.
Klasifikasi Hukum</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 13.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.3pt;">
Hukum
di Indonesia merupakan campuran dari sistem hukum eropa,hukum agama dan hukum
adat.sebagian besar sistem yang dianut baik perdata maupun pidana
berbasis pada hukum eropa kontinental,khususnya dari Belanda karena aspek
sejarah masa lalu.</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.7pt;">
ada beberapa macam-macam klasifikasi hukum yaitu :</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.7pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Klasifikasi
hukum berdasarkan sifatnya</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
Drs
E.Utrecht,SH dalam bukunya yang berjudul “pengantar hukum Indonesia” (1953)
telah membuat suatu batasan.Utrecht memberi batasan hukum sebagai berikut : ”
Hukum itu adalah himpunan peraturan-peraturan (perintah-perintah atau
larangan-larangan) yang mengurus tata tertib suatu masyarakat dan karena harus
ditaati masyarakat itu.akan tetapi tidaklah semua orang mau menaati
kaedah-kaedah hukum itu ,maka peraturan kemasyarakatan itu harus dilengkapi
dengan unsur memaksa.</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
dengan
demikian hukum itu mempunyai sifat mengatur dan memaksa.hukum merupakan
peraturan-peraturan hidup masyarakat yang dapat memaksa orang supaya menaati
tata tertib dalam masyarakat serta memberi sanksi yang tegas (berupa hukuman)
terhadap siapa yang tidak mau patuh untuk menaatinya.</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Klasifikasi
hukum berdasarkan fungsinya</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 31.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum ialah untuk mengatur,sebagai
petugas,serta sebagai sarana untuk menciptakan dan memelihara ketertiban.yang
diatur oleh hukum adalah peraturan mengenai tingkah laku manusia dalam
pergaulan masyarakat,adanya sanksi terhadap pelanggaran tersebut adalah
tegas,bersifat memaksa dan peraturan hukum itu diadakan oleh badan-badan resmi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 31.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum yang diciptakan penguasa
memiliki 3 tujuan yang hendak dicapai.ada 3 teori yang menjelaskan tentang
tujuan hukum yaitu :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teori
etis :Tujuan hukum untuk mencapai keadilan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teori
utilitas : Tujuan hukum untuk mencapai kebahagiaan manusia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teori
campuran: Tujuan hukum untuk mencapai ketertiban dan keadilan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan hukum negara Republik
Indonesia menurut hukum positif tertuang dalam alinea ke empat UUD 1945 yaitu
“Melindungi segenap bangsa Indonesia dan seluruh tumpah darah Indonesia dan
untuk memajukan kesejahteraan umum,mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa,dan ikut
melaksanakan ketertiban dunia berdasarkan kemerdekaan,perdamaian abadi dan
keadilan sosial.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara umum fungsi hukum dalam
kehidupan berbangsa dan bermasyarakat yaitu :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo23; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Alat
ketertiban dan keteraturan masyarakat</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo23; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sarana
mewujudkan keadilan sosial</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo23; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Alat
penggerak pembangunan nasional</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo23; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Alat
kritik</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo23; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sarana
penyelesaian sengketa dan perselisihan.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Klasifikasi
hukum berdasarkan isinya</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Klasifikasi
hukum berdasarkan isinya yaitu adanya hukum privat dan hukum publik.
Hukum Privat adalah salah satu bidang hukum yang mengatur hak dan kewajiban
yang dimiliki pada subjek hukum dan hubungan antara subjek hukum.</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Hukum
perdata disebut pula sebagai hukum privat atau hukum sipil.Hukum Privat
ialah termasuk hukum pribadi,hukum keluarga,hukum kekayaan dan hukum
waris,contohnya : Seseorang melakukan perjanjian jual beli.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 31.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum
publik adalah bidang hukum dimana subjek hukum bersangkutan dengan subjek hukum
lainnya.Maksudnya adalah jika seseorang melanggar atau melakukan
kejahatan-kejahatan terhadap kepentingan umum,perbuatan mana diancam dengan
hukuman.Contoh hukum publik yaitu :Hukum pidana,Hukum tata negara,hukum
administrasi negara.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 31.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Klasifikasi hukum berdasarkan waktu
berlakunya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 31.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum berdasarkan waktu
berlakunya berdasarkan hukum positif atau tata hukum yang dikenal
dengan istilah ius constitutum sebagai lawan kata dari ius constituendum yakni
perbuatan hukum yang berdampak positif bagi masyaraka.Contohnya seseorang ingin
mencuri,tetapi seseorang tersebut tidak jadi mencuri karena mengetahui adanya
hukuman atau sanksi bagi yang melakukan perbuatan tersebut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 31.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Klasifikasi hukum berdasarkan
bentuknya/wujudnya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum menurut bentuknya dapat
dibedakan menjadi :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum
tertulis (Statute law = Written law) yaitu hukum yang dicantumkan dalam
berbagai peraturan perundangan suatu negara Misalnya : Undang-undang dasar
1945,Peraturan pemerintah,Peraturan presiden,Peraturan daerah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-list: l40 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum
tak tertulis (Unstatutery law = unwritten law) yaitu hukum yang masih hidup
dalam keyakinan masyarakat,tetapi tidak tertulis namun berlakunya ditaati
seperti suatu perundangan (disebut hukum kebiasaan),hukum adat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 31.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Klasifikasi hukum berdasarkan waktu
berlakunya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Contoh-contoh hukum berdasarkan
waktu berlakunya yaitu :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum
nasional,yaitu hukum yang berlaku di negara yang bersangkutan,misalnya hukum
nasional Republik Indonesia yang berdasarkan pancasila dan menempatkan UUD
1945 sebagai hukum positif tertinggi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum
Internasional,yaitu hukum yang mengatur hubungan-hubungan hukum yang terjadi
dalam pergaulan Internasional.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum
asing,yaitu hukum yang berlaku di negara lain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum
gereja,yaitu hukum yang ditetapkan oleh gereja bagi jemaatnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 31.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Klasifikasi hukum berdasarkan daya
kerjanya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Klasifikasi hukum berdasarkan daya
kerjanya yaitu :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum
yang bersifat mengatur atau fakultatif atau subsidiair atau perlengkapan
dispositif,yaitu hukum yang dalam keadaan konkrit dapat dikesampingkan oleh
perjanjian yang dibuat para pihak.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum
yang bersifat memaksa atau imperatif (dwigendrecht) yaitu hukum yang dalam
keadaan konkrit tidak dapat dikesampingkan oleh perjanjian yang dibuat para
pihak,yang berarti kaedah hukumnya bersifat mengikat dan memaksa,tidak diberi
wewenang lain selain apa yang telah ditentukan Undang-undang .sedangkan
hukum yang mengatur kepentingan perseorangan atau kepentingan khusus bersifat
mengatur.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: .25in;">
Ada
3 pedoman untuk mengetahui hukum itu bersifat memaksa atau bersifat mengatur
yaitu </div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo27; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berdasarkan
pasal 23 AB.yang menentukan bahwa suatu perbuatan atau perjanjian tidak
dapat meniadakan kekuatan Undang-undang yang berhubungan dengan
ketertiban umum dan kesusilaan,dapat disimpulkan bahwa hak-hak yang
berhubungan dengan ketertiban umum kesusilaan itu bersifat memaksa.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo27; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan
membaca dari bunyi peraturan bersangkutan dapat diketahui bahwa
suatu peraturan itu bersifat memaksa atau tidak.Contohnya : Pasal 1447 KUH
Perdata yang menentukan bahwa penyerahan harus dilakukan ditempat dimana
barang yang terjual berada pada waktu penjualan.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo27; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan
jalan interprestasi dapat diketahui bahwa peraturan hukum tersebut
bersifat memaksa atau tidak.Contohnya : pasal 1368 KUH Perdata yang
menentukan bahwa pemilik seekor binatang ,atau siapa yang memakainya
,adalah selama binatang itu dipakainya bertanggung jawab terhadap kerugian
yang diterbitkan oleh binatang tersebut,baik binatang itu ada dibawah
pengawasannya,maupun tersesat atau terlepas dari pengawasannya.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">7. PENAFSIRAN HUKUM</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penafsiran hukum atau interpretasi
adalah menentukan arti atau makna suatu teks atau bunyi suatu pasal berdasar
pada kaitannya. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum harus ditegakkan di
tengah-tengah masyarakat, dan dalam upaya penegakkan hukum itu hakim sebagai
penegak hukum akan dihadapkan pada pelbagai kaidah, baik yang tertulis maupun
tidak tertulis. Hukum yang dikodifikasikan umumnya bersifat statis.
Ketidaksempurnaan dan ketidaklengkapan senantiasa menjadi hukum tertulis,
sekalipum kodifikasi telah diatur sedemikian rupa. Hal ini di sebabkan oleh
danya hal-hal yang tidak atau belum terjadi pada waktu kodifikasi seperti
aliran listrik yang ada sekarang. Dengan demikian aliran listrik yang
dikontrol tanpa izin dikatakan sebagai pencuri,yang diatur dalam pasal 362 KUHP
pidana. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam
menjalankan tugasnya, hakim harus berpedoman kepada kodifikasi agar mendapat
kepastian hukum.dalam hal ini, Indonesia menggunakan aliran Rechtsvinding
berarti hakim memutuskan perkara berpegang pada Undang-Undang dan hukum lainnya
yang berlaku di dalam masyarakat secara gebonden vrijheid (kebebasan yang
terikat) dan vrije gebondenheid (ketertarikan yang bebas). Tindakan hakim
tersebut dilindungi pasal 20 AB (yang menyatakan bahwa hakim harus mengadili
berdasarkan undang-undang). Dan pasal 22 AB (mengatakan hakim tidak boleh
menolak mengadili perkara yang diajukan kepadanya dengan alasan
undang-undangnya tidak lengkap). Jika hakim menolak mengadili
perkaratersebut dapat dituntut. Apabila undang-undangnya tidak ada
(kekosongan hukum) hakim dapat menciptkan hukum dengan cara konstruksi hukum
(analogi), penghalisan hukum (rechtsverfijning dan argumentum a
contracio. Penafsiran atau interpretasi hukum ialah mencari dan menetapkan
pengertian atas dalil-lalil yang tercantum dalam Undang-Undang sesuai dengan
cara yang dikehendaki serta yang dimaksud oleh pembuat Undang-Undang<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/null" name="_ftnref3"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref3;"><span style="color: #b71b01; text-decoration: none;">[3]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref3;"></span></a></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref3;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Isi
Undang-Undang kadang-kadang tidak jelas susunan katanya, juga tidak jarang
mempunyai lebih dari satu arti. Oleh karena itu, penafsiran
atau <i>interpretatie</i> terhadapUndang-Undang itu perlu.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 13.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ada beberapa metode penafsiran hukum yang
lazim diterapkan yaitu :</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l6 level2 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.75pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penafsiran Gramatikal,</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">yaitu
penafsiran berdasarkan tata bahasa, yang karena itu hanya mengingat bunyi
kata-kata dalam kalimat itu sendiri (penjelasan Undang-Undang menurut susunan
kata-katanya)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Dengan menggunakan interpretasi gramatikal, maka
pengadilan dapat menyimpulkan bahwa;</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Naskah
Undang-Undang tersebut jelas mengatur perkaranya; atau</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ada dua
naskah atau lebih solusi/pendektan yang dapat dipilih; atau</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">c.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Naskah
Undang-Undang trsebut, yang tersusun dalam kalimat, tidak mudah terpengaruh
oleh soslusi.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Contoh suatu
peraturan melarang orang memparkirkan kendaraannya di suatu tempat.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l6 level2 lfo26; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penafsiran
Historis atau Sejarah</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah meneliti sejarah dari
Undang-Undang yang bersangkutan, dengan demikian hakim mengetahui maksud
pembuatannya. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penafsiran historis dibedakan menjadi dua yaitu :</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sejarah
hukum, konteks, perkembangan yang telah lalu dari hukm tertentu seperti <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>KUHP, BW, hukum romawi dan sebagainya.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo29; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sejarah
Undang-Undang, yaitu penelitian terhadap pembentukan Undang-Undang tersebut,
seperti ketentuan denda dalam KUHP pidana, sekarang dikalikan lima belas
mendekati harga-harga pada waktu KUHP Pidana itu dibentuk.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Contoh :
seseorang yang melanggar okum didenda sebesar Rp. 500,-, maka denda sebesar itu
jika diterapkan pada zaman sekarang jelas tidak sesuai, oleh karena itu harus
ditafsirkan sesuai dengan keadaan harga yang sekarang ini.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: .5in 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3.</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penafsiran Sistematis</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yaitu dengan cara mempelajari
sitem dan rumusanUndang-Undang ; yang meliputi:</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 55.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penalaran analogi dan penalaran <i>a kontario</i>.
Penggunaan <i>a kontario</i> yaitu memastikan sesuatu yang
tidak disebut oleh pasal undang-undang secara kebalikan. Sedangkan analogi
berarti pengluasan berlakunya kaidah Undang-Undang.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 55.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penafsiran
ekstensif dan restriktif (bentuk-bentuk yang lemah terdahulusecara logis
tak ada perbedaan).</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 55.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo26; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penghalusan atau pengkhususan berlakaunya
undang-undang.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Contoh: asas
okumy dalam pasal 27 KUHPerdata menjadi dasar pada pasal 34, 60, 86, dan
KUHPerdata.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Penafsiran
Teleologis/Sosiologis,</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yaitu penafsiran berdasarkan maksud atau
tujuan dibuatnya Undang-Undang itu dan ini meningkatkan kebutuhan manusia yang
selalu berubah menurut masa, sedangkan bunyi Undang-Undang tetap dan tidak
berubah. Contoh walaupun Undang-Undang tidak sesuai lagi dengan kebutuhan akan
tetapi jika Undang-Undang itu masih berlaku, maka tetap diterapkan terhadap
kejadian atau peristiwa masa sekarang.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">5.</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penafsiran
Authentic (Sahih dan Resmi), </span></i></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">yaitu membersihkan penafsiran yang
pasti sebagaimana yang telah ditentukan oleh Undang-Undang itu sendiri.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Misal pasal
98 KUHP, dinyatakan malam, hal ini yang dimaksud adalah waktu antara matahari
terbenam dan matahari terbit, dan pasal 100 KUHP, dinyatakan binatang ternak,
yang dimaksudkan di sini adalah binatang yang berkuku satu, mamah biak, dan
babi.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">6.</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Penafsiran Ektensis (Luas),</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Yaitu
menafsirkan berdasarkan luasnya arti kata dalam peraturan itu, sehingga suatu
peristiwa dapat dimasukkannya, seperti : aliran listrik dapat dimasukkan
kedalam kata benda, karena itu ada yang berwujud dan yang tidak
berwujud. Contoh aliran listrik termasuk benda.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">7.</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penafsiran Analogi,</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sesungguhnya hal ini sudah tidak termasuk
interpretasi, karena analogi sama
dengan qiyas, yaitu okum ibarat dengan kata-kata tersebut
sesuai dengan asas hukumnya, sehingga sesuai peristiwa yang sebenarnya
tidak dapat dimasukkan, kemudian di anggap sesuai dengan bunyi aturan tersebut,
misalnya, menyambung atau menyantol aliran listrik dianggap sama dengan
mengambil aliran listrik. Misalnya: Hakim cari Undang-Undang untuk yang
tepat untuk mengadili perkara kalau Undang-Undang tidak ada, maka ia lari ke:</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yurisprudensi;</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalil okum
adat;</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">c.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Melakukan
Undang-Undang secara analogi (kontruksi okum).</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hakim kalau
dalam melakukan Undang-Undang secara analogi ini harus berhati-hati dalam
penggunaannya, maka ada hal-hal yang harus diperhatikan berikut ini:</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apabila ada
perkara yang dihadapi dan perkara yang diatur oleh Undang-Undang cukup
persamaannya, sehingga penerapan asas yang sama dapat dipertanggung jawabkan
serta tidak bertentangan dengan asas keadilan</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apabila
keadilan yang tertarik dari analogi okum itu serasi dan cocok dengan sitem
serta maksud perundang-undangan yang ada.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan
melakukan secara analogi adalah untuk mengisi kekosongan dalam Undang-Undang.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">8.</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penafsiran
Restriktif,</span></i></b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">yaitu penafsiran dengan membatasi
(mempersempit) arti kata dalam peraturan itu, misalnya, kerugian tidak termasuk
kerugian yang terwujud seperti sakit, cacat, dan sebagainya.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/null" name="_ftnref24"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref24;"><span style="color: #b71b01; text-decoration: none;">.</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref24;"></span></a></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref24;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">9.</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penafsiran
Nasional,</span></i></b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">yaitu cara penafsiran dengan menilik
sesuai tidaknya dengan okum okum yang berlaku. Contoh pasal 570 KUHPerdata<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/null" name="_ftnref25"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref25;"><span style="color: #b71b01; text-decoration: none;">.</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref25;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref25;"></span> sekarang harus ditasirkan menurut
hak milik yang sesuai dengan okum Indonesia yaitu pasal 20 ayat1<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/null" name="_ftnref26"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref26;"><span style="color: #b71b01; text-decoration: none;">.</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref26;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref26;"></span> Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">10.</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penafsiran a Contrario (Menurut
Pengingkaran)</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yaitu suatu cara menafsirkan Undang-Undang yang
didasarkan pada perlawanan pengertuian antara soal yang dihadapi dan soal yang
diatur dalam suatu Undang-Undang. Berdasarkan perlawanan (pengingkaran) itu
ditarik kesimpulan bahwa soal yang dihadapi tiu tidak diliputi oleh pasal yang
termaksud/ berada di luar pasal itu. Misalnhya pasal 15676 Kitab Undang-Undang
Hukum Perdata: <i>“Penjualan benda yang disewakan tidak menyebabkan
putusannya sewa menyewa”. </i>Bagaimana kalau peristiwa penghibahan? Di
dalam pasal 1576 KUH Perdata itu tertulis<i>“penjualan”</i> bukan <i>“penghibahan.”</i> Contoh
lain pasal 34 KUH Perdata berbunyi bahwa; <i>“seorang perempuan tidak
diperkenankan menikah lagi sebekum lewat 300 hari setelah perkawinannya
terdahulu diputuskan.”</i></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bagaimana
halnya bagi seorang laki-laki? Waktu tunggu 300 hari? Jawabannya tidak, karena
pasal 34 KUH Perdata itu tidak menyebutkan bagi laki-laki, tetapi harus
ditujukan kepada seorang perempuan.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Maksud waktu
menunggu dalam pasal 34 KUH Perdata bagi seorang perempuan itu adalah untuk
mencegah adanya keraguan mengenai kedudukan sang anak, ditetapkan waktu 300
hari karena waktu itu dianggap sebagai waktu kandungan yang paling lama.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hal-hal
tersebut di atas dapatlah disimpulkan bahwa dasar berfikir <i>a contrario</i> itu
merupakan lawan dari menafsirkan Undang-Undang secara analogis. Karena dasar
berfikir <i>a contrario</i> itu sama sekali bukan dalil, bahwa pasal
untuk suatu peristiwa tertentu juga dapat diadakan peraturan tersendiri itu,
sudah bukti yang jelas bahwa peng Undang-Undang tidak menghendaki peristiwa
yang serupa itu termasuk diatur juga</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">11.</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penafsiran
Perbandingan</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yaitu penafsiran komparatif dengan cara
membandingkan penjelasan-penjelasan agar ditemukan kejelasan suatu ketentuan
undang-undang</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">8. KODIFIKASI HUKUM</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A. Pengertian Kodifikasi</span><b><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>hukum secara umum adalah suatu langkah
pengkitaban hukum atau penulisan hukum ke dalam suatu kitab undang-undang
(codex) yang dilakukan secara resmi oleh pemerintah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>B</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">eberapa
contoh hukum yang telah dikodifikasikan di Indonesia adalah:</span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo32; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum
pidana yang telah dikodifikasikan dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana
(KUHP).</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo32; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum
perdata yang telah dikodifikasikan dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata
(KUH Perdata).</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo32; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum
dagang yang telah dikodifikasikan dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Dagang
(KUHD).</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo32; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum
acara pidana yang telah dikodifikasikan dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum
Acara Pidana (KUHAP).</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Menurut
bentuknya hukum dapat dibedakan antara:</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 27.0pt left 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum tertulis (Statute Law = Written
Law) yakni hukum yang dicantumkan dalam berbagai peraturan-perundangan.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 27.0pt left 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum Tidak Tertulis (unstatutery Law = Unwritten
Law ) yaitu hukum yang masih hidup dalam keyakinan masyarakat, tetapi
tidak tertulis namun berlakunya ditaati seperti suatu perundang-undangan (disebut
juga hukum kebiasaan<a href="https://www.blogger.com/u/1/null" name="more"></a>)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: list 27.0pt left 31.5pt; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3. </span><span style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengenai hukum tertulis, ada yang telah dikodifikasikan, dan
yang belum dikodifikasikan. Jelas bahwa unsur-unsur kodifikasi ialah</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<span style="background: white;">a. Jenis-jenis hukum tertentu (misalnya
hukum perdata)</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">b. Sistematis</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">c. Lengkap</span><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B. Tujuan Kodifikasi Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Adapun tujuan kodifikasi daripada hukum tertulis adalah untuk
memperoleh : </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1. <u>Kepastian
hukum</u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Kepastian hukum merupakan pertanyaan yang hanya bisa dijawab secara normatif,
bukan sosiologis. Kepastian hukum secara normatif adalah ketika suatu peraturan
dibuat dan diundangkan secara pasti karena mengatur secara jelas dan logis.
Jelas dalam artian tidak menimbulkan keragu-raguan (multi-tafsir) dan logis
dalam artian ia menjadi suatu sistem norma dengan norma lain sehingga tidak
berbenturan atau menimbulkan konflik norma. Konflik norma yang ditimbulkan dari
ketidakpastian aturan dapat berbentuk kontestasi norma, reduksi norma atau
distorsi norma.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Pemikiran <i>mainstream</i> beranggapan bahwa kepastian hukum
merupakan keadaan dimana perilaku manusia, baik individu, kelompok, maupun
organisasi, terikat dan berada dalam koridor yang sudah digariskan oleh aturan
hukum. Secara etis, padangan seperti ini lahir dari kekhawatiran yang dahulu
kala pernah dilontarkan oleh Thomas Hobbes bahwa manusia adalah serigala bagi
manusia lainnya (<i>homo hominilupus</i>). Manusia adalah makhluk yang beringas
yang merupakan suatu ancaman. Untuk itu, hukum lahir sebagai suatu pedoman
untuk menghindari jatuhnya korban. Konsekuensi dari pandangan ini adalah bahwa
perilaku manusia secara sosiologis merupakan refleksi dari perilaku yang
dibayangkan dalam pikiran pembuat aturan. Barangkali juga pernah dilakukan
untuk mengelola keberingasan para koboy Amerika ratusan tahun lalu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Perkembangan pemikiran manusia modern yang disangga oleh rasionalisme yang
dikumandangkan Rene Descarte (<i>cogito ergo sum</i>), fundamentalisme mekanika
yang dikabarkan oleh Isaac Newton serta empirisme kuantitatif yang digemakan
oleh Francis Bacon menjadikan sekomponen manusia di Eropa menjadi orbit dari
peradaban baru. Pengaruh pemikiran mereka terhadap hukum pada abad XIX nampak
dalam pendekatan <i>law and order (</i>hukum dan ketertiban<i>).</i> Salah
satu pandangan dalam hukum ini mengibaratkan bahwa antara hukum yang normatif
(peraturan) dapat dimauti ketertiban yang bermakna sosiologis. Sejak saat itu,
manusia menjadi komponen dari hukum berbentuk mesin yang rasional dan terukur
secara kuantitatif dari hukuman-hukum yang terjadi karena pelanggarannya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Pandangan mekanika dalam hukum tidak hanya menghilangkan kemanusiaan
dihadapan hukum dengan menggantikan manusia sebagai sekrup, mor atau gerigi,
tetapi juga menjauhkan antara apa yang ada dalam idealitas aturan hukum dengan
realitas yang ada dalam masyarakat. Idealitas aturan hukum tidak selalu menjadi
fiksi yang berguna dan benar, demikian pula dengan realitas perilaku sosial
masyarakat tidak selalu mengganggu tanpa ada aturan hukum sebelumnya. Ternyata <i>law
and order</i> menyisakan kesenjangan antara tertib hukum dengan ketertiban
sosial. <i>Law and order</i> kemudian hanya cukup untuk<i>the order
of law</i>, bukan <i>the order by the law</i> (ctt: <i>law </i>dalam
pengertian peraturan/<i>legal</i>)<i>.</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Jadi kepastian hukum adalah kepastian aturan hukum, bukan
kepastian tindakan terhadap atau tindakan yang sesuai dengan aturan hukum.
Karena frasa kepastian hukum tidak mampu menggambarkan kepastian perilaku
terhadap hukum secara benar-benar. Demikian juga dengan mekanika Newton. Bahkan
Mekanika Newton pun sudah dua kali dihantukkan dalam perkembangan ilmu alam itu
sendiri, yaitu Teori Relativitas dari Einstein dan Fisika Kuantum.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2. <u>Penyederhanaan
hukum</u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Simple dan sederhana, tidak bersifat
ambigu, mudah dipahami, pasal tidak terlalu banyak, sehingga tidak menimbulkan
persepsi yang beragam pula cara penyederhanaan hukum adalah dengan cara
mengikuti aturan teknis dalam UU yang bersangkutan, yakni UU no 12 tahun 2011</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3.
Kesatuan hukum</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jika suatu hukum membahas tentang
suau perkara, maka perkara itu saja yang dibahas, tidak melebar ke perkara yang
lainnya. Contoh : Hukum Bea dan Cukai mengatur peraturan tentang kepabeanan dan
cukai saja, sedangkan pajak dan anggaran negara tidak dibahas di dalamnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">C. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistematika Kodifikasi Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>Sistematika
artinya susunan yang teratur secara sistematis. Sistematika kodifikasi artinya
susunan yang diatur dari suatu kodifikasi. Sistematika meliputi bentuk dan isi
kodifikasi. Sistematika kodifikasi hukum perdata meliputi bentuk dan isi.
Sistematika bentuk Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata meliputi urutan bentuk
bagian terbesar sampai pada bentuk bagian terkecil yaitu :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·
Kitab undang – undang tersusun atas buku – buku</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·
Tiap buku tersusun atas bab – bab</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·
Tiap bab tersusun atas bagian – bagian</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·
Tiap bagian tersusun atas pasal – pasal</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">·
Tiap pasal tersusun atas ayat – ayat</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistematika Kitab Undang-Undang
Hukum Perdata meliputi kelompok materi berdasarkan sitematika fungsi.
Sistematika fungsional ada 2 macam yaitu menurut pembentuk Undang-Undang &
menurut ilmu pengetahuan hukum. Sistematika isi menurut pembentukan B.W
miliputi 4 kelompok materi sebagai berikut:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo33; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelompok
materi mengenai orang</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo33; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelompok
materi mengenai benda</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo33; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelompok
nateri mengenai perikatan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo33; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelompok materi mengenai pembuktian</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 13.5pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 13.5pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sistematika
menurut ilmu pengetahuan hukum ada 4 yaitu :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level2 lfo34; tab-stops: 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelompok
materi mengenai orang</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level2 lfo34; tab-stops: 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelompok
materi mengenai keluarga</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level2 lfo34; tab-stops: 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelompok
materi mengenai harta kekayaan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l30 level2 lfo34; tab-stops: 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.8pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelompok
materi mengenai pewarisan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apabila sistematika bentuk dan isi
digabung maka ditemukan bahwa KUHPdt. Terdiri dari :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Buku I mengenai Orang</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Buku II mengenai Benda</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Buku II mengenai Perikatan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo35; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Buku IV mengenai Pembuktian</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SISTEMATIKA KUHPdt.</span></u><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengenai sistematika isi ada
perbedaan antara sistematika KUHPdt. Berdasarkan pembentuk Undang-Undang dan
sistematika KUHPdt. Berdasarkan ilmu pengetahuan hukum. Perbedaan terjadi,
karena latar belakang penyusunannya. Penyusunan KUHPdt. didasarkan pada sistem
individualisme sebagai pengaruh revolusi Perancis. Hak milik adalah hak
sentral, dan tidak dapat diganggu gugat oleh siapapun. Hak dan kebebasan setiap
individu harus dijamin. Sedangkan sisitematika berdasarkan ilmu pengetahuan
hukum didasarkan pada perkembangan siklus kehidupan manusia yang selalu melalui
proses lahir-dewasa-kawin–cari harta/nafkah hidup–mati (terjadi pewarisan ).
Dengan demikian perbedaan sistematika tersebut dapat dilihat sebagai berikut :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l33 level2 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">I.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Buku I KUHPdt. memuat ketentuan
mengenai manusia pribadi dan keluarga (perkawinan) sedangkan ilmu pengetahuan
hukum memuat ketetuan mengenai pribadi dan badan hukum, keduanya sebagai
pendukung hak dan kewajiban.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l33 level2 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">II.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Buku II KUHPdt. memuat ketentuan
mengenai benda dan waris. Sedangkan ilmu pengetahuan hukum mengenai keluarga
(perkawinan dan segala akibatnya).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l33 level2 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">III.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Buku III KUHPdt. memuat ketentuan
mengenai perikatan. Sedangkan ilmu pengetahuan hukum memuat ketentuan mengenai
harta kekayaan yang meliputi benda dan perikatan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 31.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l33 level2 lfo21; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">IV.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Buku IV KUHPdt. memuat ketentuan
mengenai bukti dan daluwarsa. Sedangkan ilmu pengetahuan hukum memuat ketentuan
mengenai pewarisan, sedangkan bukti </span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">9.
BERLAKUNYA HUKUM DI INDONESIA</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A.</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teori Berlakuya Hukum</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.3pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Barangkali kita
bertanya, “Dari manakah asalnya hukum dan mengapa orang menaati dan tunduk pada
hukum?” untuk menjawab hal itu dikenal sebagai teori dan aliran pendapat dalam
Ilmu Pengetahuan Hukum.Teori Hukum hakekatnya adalah suatu keseluruhan
pernyataan yang saling berkaitan berkenaan dengan sistem konseptual
aturan-aturan hukum dan putusan-putusan hukum, dan sisem tersebut untuk
sebagian yang pentinh dipositifkan.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teori H</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ukum Alam</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teori Hukum Alam telah ada sejak Zaman
Yunani Kuno yang diajarkan anatara lain oleh Aristoteles, yaotu membagi dua
macam hukum, antara lain :</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum yang
berlaku karena penetapan penguasa negara</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum yang
tidak tergantung dari pandangan manusia tentang baik buruknya, hukum yang asli</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut
Aristoteles, pendapat seseorang tentang keaslian adalah berbeda, sehingga
seolah-olah tidak ada Hukum Alam yang asli. Namun demikian, keaslian suatu
benda atau hal tidaklah tergantung pada waktu dan tempat, terkecuali dalam
sesuatu hal tentulah ada</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berhubung
dengan hal itu menurut Aristoteles, Hukum Alam itu adalah Hukum yang oleh
orang-orang berpikiran seha dirasakan sebagai selaras dengan kodrat alam.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Thomas van
Aquino (1225-1274) berpendapat , bahwa segala kejadian di alam ini diperintah
dan dikemudikan oleh suatu Undang-undang abadi yang menjadi dasar kekusaan dari
semua peraturan-peraturan lainnya. Thomas van Aquino Membedakan 4 macam
golongan hukum (rechtscategorien) , yaitu <i>Lex aeterna, lex naturalis, lex
divina, hukum positif.</i></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo36; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lex aeterna </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(Hukum Abadi),
yaitu rasio Tuhan sendiri yang mengatur segala hal yang ada sesuai dengan
tujuan dan sifatnya, karena itu merupakan sumber dari segala hukum,</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo36; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lex Divina </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(Hukum
Ke-Tuhanan), yaitu sebagian kecil dari rasio Tuhan yang diwahyukan kepada
manusia,</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">lex Naturalis </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(Hukum Alam),
yaitu bagian dari Lex Divina yng dapat ditangkap oleh rasio manusia atau
merupakan penjelmaan dari <i>Lex Aeterna</i> di dalam rasio manusia berkat
rasio manusia,</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo36; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum Positif</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yaitu hukum
yang berlaku sungguh-sungguh di dalam masyarakat.</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level2 lfo36; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Manusia dikaruniai
Tuhan dengan kemampuan berpikir dan kecakapan untuk dapat membedakan baik dan
buruk serta mengenal berbagai peraturan perundangan yang langsung berasal dari
Undang-undang abadi itu, dan yang oleh Thomas van Aquino dinamakan Hukum Alam (
Lex Naturalis).</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level2 lfo36; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hugo de Groof (abad ke-17), seorang
penganjur Hukum Alam dalam bukunya “ De Jure Belli Ac Pacis” (Tentang Hukum
perang dan damai), berpendapat bahwa sumber hukum alam adalah pikiran atau akal
manusia. Menurutnya, Hukum Alam adalah pertimbangan pikiran yang menunjukkan
mana yang benar dan mana yang tidak benar. Hukum Alam itu merupakan suatu
pernyataan pikiran (akal) manusia yang sehat mengenai persioalan apakah suatu
perbuatan sesuai dengan kodrat manusia, karena itu apakah perbuatan tersebut
diperlukan atau harus ditolak.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teori Sejarah</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sebagai kontra terhadap Hukum Alam, di
Eropa timbul aliran baru yang depelopori oleh Friedrich Carl Von Savigny
(1779-1861) yang terkenal dengan bukunya “Vom Beruf Unserer Zeit Fur
Gesetzgebung und Rechtswissenschaft (1814).</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Von Savigny berpendapat, bahwa hukum
itu harus dipandang sebagai suatu penjelmaan jiwa atau rohani sesuatu bangsa,
selalu ada suatu hubungan yang erat aatara hukum dengan kepribadian sutu
bangsa.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teori Teokrasi
(Teori Ketuhanan)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teori ini mendasarkan kekuatan hukum
atas kepercayaan pada Tuhan. Diterima di dunia barat sampai Zaman Renaissance.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Orang menganggap “Hukum itu Kemauan
Tuhan”, dimana hukum ini berlaku atas kehendak Tuhan. Pada masa lampau di Eropa
para ahli fikir menganggap dan mengajarkan, bahwa hukum itu berasal dari Tuhan
Yang Maha Esa, dan oleh sebab ituah maka manusia diperintahkan Tuhan harus
tunduk pada hukum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berhubung peraturan perundang-undangan
itu ditetapkan Pengusa Negara, maka oleh penganjur Teori Teokrasi diajarkan,
bahwa para Penguasa Negara itu mendapat kuasa dari Tuhan, seolah-olah para Raja
dan Penguasa lainnya merupakan wakil Tuhan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teori
Kedaulatan Rakyat</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.3pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut aliran Rasionalisme ini, bahwa
Raja dan Penguasa Negara lainnya memperoleh kekuasaanya itu bukanlah dari
Tuhan, tetapi dari rakyatnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>Pertimbangan daripada Teori
kedaulatan rakyat adalah :</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Raja yang
seharusnya memerintah rakyat dengan adil, jujur, dan baik hati sesuai dengan
kehendak Tuhan. Tetapi kenyataanya Raja banyak yang bertindak sewenag-wenang.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apabila
kedaulatan Raja berasal daru Tuhan, tidak akan terjadi kekalahan Raja satu atas
Raja lainnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada abad ke-18
Jen Jacques Rousseau memperkenalkan teorinya, bahwa asas terjadinya suatu negara
adalah “Perjanjian Masyarakat (Contrat Social)” yang diadakan oleh dan antara
anggota masyarakt untuk mendirikan suatu negara. Adapun Teori Jen Jacques
Rousseau tersebut dikemukakaya dalam buku karyanya yang berjudull “<i>Le
Contrat Social” (1762). </i>Teori Jen Jacques Rousseau yang menjadi dasar paham
‘Kedaulatan Rakyat’ mengajarkan, bahwa negara bersandar atas kemauan rakyat,
demikian pula halnya semua peraturan perundang-undangan adalah penjelman rakyat
tersebut</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada abad
ke-19, ”Hukum adalah Kehendak Negara dan Negara mempunyai kekuatan yang tidak
terbatas”. Menurut <i>Hans Kelsen (Reine Rechtslehre)</i> dan <i>Wiener
Rechtsshule</i>, hukum sebagai “Wille des Staates” yang artinya bahwa hukum
adalah “Kemauan Negara”. Menurut Kelsen orang tidak menaati hukum sebab negara
menghendakinya, orang taat pada hukum karena ia merasa wajib menaatinya sebagai
perintah Negara. Teori ini mendapat pembelaan dari <i>Kranenburg</i> yang
beranggapan bahwa sungguh-sungguh hukum itu berfungsi menurut suatu hukum yang
real dengan menggunakan metode empiris-analytis.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">5.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teori
Kedaulatan Negara</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada abad ke-19, Teori Perjanjian
Masyarakat di tentang oleh teori yang mengatakan, bahwa kekuasaan hukum tidak
dapat didasarkan atas kemauan bersama seluruh anggota masyarakat. Hukum itu
ditaati adalah karena negaralah yang menghendakinya. Hukum adalah kehendak
negara dan negara itu mempunyai kekuatan (power) yang terbatas.<span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teori ini dinamakan Teori Kedaulatan
Negara, yang timbul pada abad</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">memuncaknya Ilmu-Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam. Namun demikian, <i>Hans
Kelsen</i> mengatakan bahwa orang taat kepada hukum bukan karena negara
menghendakinya, tetapi orang taat pada hukum karena ia merasa wajib mentaatinya
sebagai perintah ngara.<span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penganjur Teori Kedaulatan Negara,
yaitu Hans Kelsen dalam bukunya “Reine Rechtslehre”, bahwa hukum itu adalah
tidak lain daripada “Kemauan Negara” atau “Wille des Staates”</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="tab-stops: 28.35pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">6.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teori
Kedaulatan Hukum</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kedaulatan Negara mendapat pertentangan
dari seorang Mahaguru di Universitas Leiden yang bernama Prof. Mr. H. Krabbe. Dalam
bukunya yang berjudul “<i>Die Lehre der Rechtssouveraniter</i>”. Menurutnya,
hukum itu ada karena tiap-tiap orang memiliki perasaan bagaimana seharusnya
hukum itu. Hanya kaidah yang timbul dari perasaan hukum seseorang, mempunyai
kekuasaan / kewibawaan. Suatu peraturan perundangan yang tidak sesuai dengan
rasa keadilan dari jumlah terbanyak orang, tidak dapat mengikat. Peraturan
perundangan yang demikian bukanlah ‘Hukum’ walaupun ia masih ditaati ataupun
dipaksakan.<span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelemahan dari teori ini adalah apabila
tiap orang mempunyai anggapan sendiri tentang hukum, maka hukum yang
berdasarkan anggapan sendiri itu jumlah dan macamnya tak terhingga, sehingga
masyarakat menjadi kacau. Oleh sebab itu, tata tertib masyarakat menghendaki
adanya hukum yang sama bagi tiap orang. Melihat kelemahan itu Krabbe kembali
mengemukakan pendapatnya hukum berasal dari perasaan hukum dari anggota suatu
masyarakat. Dari bermacam-macam teori tersebut dapat disimpulkan sebagian
kaidah-kaidah ditaati, oleh karena ada paksaan (sanksi) sosial.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teori yang timbul pada abad ke-20 ini
dinamakan Teori Kedaulatan Hukum. Penganut lainnya Hugo de Groof, Immanuel
Khant, dan Leon Duguit.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">7.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teori (Asas)
Keseimbangan</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Prof. Mr. R. Kranenburg murid dari dan
pengganti Prof. Mr. H. Krabbe berusaha mencari dalil yang menjadi dasar
berfungsinya kesadaran hukum orang. Kranenburg membela ajaran Krabbe, bahwa
kesadaran hukum orang itu menjadi sumber hukum. Menurutnya, hukum itu berfungsi
menurut suatu dalil yang nyata(riil).</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalil yang nyata yang menjadi dasar
befungsinya kesadaran hukum orang dirumuskan oleh Kranenburg sebagai berikut :</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.3pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">“Tiap orang menerima keuntungan atau
mendapat kerugian sebanyak dasar-dsar yang telah ditetapkan atau diletakan
terlebuh dahulu.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembagaian keuntungan dan kerugian dalam
hal tidak ditetapkan terlebih dahulu dasar-dasarnya, adalah bahwa tiap-tiap
anggota masyarakat hukum sederajat dan sama”.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum atau dalil ini oleh Kranenburg
dinamakan Asas Keseimbangan, berlaku dimana-mana dan pada waktu apapun.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">B.</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum ditaati oleh Masyarakat</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Keberlakuan
Faktual atau Empiris</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kaidah hukum
yang berlaku secara faktual atau nyata jika para warga masyarakat, untuk siapa
kaidah itu berlaku mematuhi kaidah hukum tersebut. Dengan demikian, keberlakuan
faktual dapat ditetapkan dengan bersaranakan penelitian empiris tentang
perilaku para warga masyarakat. Kaidah hukum dikatakan memiliki keberlakuan
faktual, jika kaidah itu dalam kenyataan sungguh-sungguh di dipatuhi oleh para
warga masyarakat dan oleh para pejabat yang berwenang sungguh-sungguh
diterapkan dan ditegakkan. Dengan demikian, kaidah hukum tersebut dikatakan
efektif. Sebab, berhasil mempengaruhi perilaku para warga dan pejabat
masyarakat. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kenyataan
tentang adanya keberlakuan faktual ini dapat diteliti secara empirikal
oleh Sosiologi Hukum, dengan menggunakan metode-metode yang lazim dalam
ilmu-ilmu sosial. Dalam perspektif Sosiologi Hukum, maka hukum itu tampil
sebagai ”das Sein-Sollen”, yakni kenyataan sosiologikal (perilaku sosial yang
sungguh-sungguh terjadi dalam kenyataan masyarakat riil) yang mengacu keharusan
normatif (kaidah). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Keberlakuan
Normatif atau Formal</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum formal diketahui dan ditaati
sehingga berlaku umum. Selama belum mempunyai bentuk, suatu hukum baru
merupakan perasaan hukum dalam masyarakat atau baru merupakan cita-cita hukum,
oleh karenanya belum mempunyai kekutan mengikat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jika suatu kaidah merupakan bagian dari
suatu sistem kaidah hukum tertentu yang di dalamnya terdapat kaidah-kaidah
hukum itu saling menunjuk. Sistem kaidah hukum terdiri atas keseluruhan hirarki
kaidah hukum khusus yang bertumpu kepada kaidah hukum umum, kaidah khusus yang
lebih rendah diderivasi dari kaidah hukum umum yang lebih tinggi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Keberlakuan
normatif ilmu hukum bukanlah ilmu empiris. Selain itu juga obyek telaahnya
berkenaan dengan tuntutan perilaku dengan cara tertentu yang kepatuhanya tidak
sepenunya bergantung pada kehendak bebas yang bersangkutan, melainkan dapat
dipaksakan oleh kekuasaan publik.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Keberlakuan
Evaluatif </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yaitu jika
kaidah hukum itu berdasarkan isinya dipandang bernilai. Dalam menentukan
keadaan keberlakuan evaluatif, dapat didekati secara empiris dan cara
keinsafan.<span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"><span dir="RTL"></span> </span>Dari
sudut suatu pendekatan kefilsafatan , orang dapat mengatakan bahwa hukum
memiliki keberlakuan karena isinya bermakna (keberlakuan evaluatif kefilsafatan
atau materil). Hal itu merupakan alasan paling penting bagi masyarakat akan
menerima hukum (keberlakuan evaluatif empiris). Jika para warga masyarakat
menerima hukum, maka mereka juga akan berperilaku mematuhi hukum (keberlakuan
evaluatif faktual atau empiris). </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">C.</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Landasan Kekuatan Mengikat Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk membentuk suatu peraturan
perundang- undangan diperlukan landasan, karena landasan ini memberikan
pengarahan terhadap perilaku manusia di dalam masyarakat. Landasan hukum
merupakan pokok pikiran yang bersifat umum yang menjadi latar belakang dari
peraturan hukum yang konkrit. Dalam setiap landasan hukum melihat suatu
cita-cita yang hendak di capai.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Oleh karena itu, landasan hukum
merupakan jembatan antara peraturan-peraturan hukum dengan cita-cita sosial dan
pandangan etis masyarakat nya. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut Eikema
Hommes, landasan hukum tidak boleh dianggap sebagai norma-norma hukum yang
konkrit, akan tetapi perlu dipandang sebagai dasar-dasar umum atau petunjuk
bagi hukum yang berlaku. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Landasan-landasan hukum yang
diperlukan bagi pembentukan peraturan perundang-undang dapat dibedakan kedalam
:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Landasan hukum yang menentukan
politik hukum,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Landasan hukum yang menyangkut
proses pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Landasan hukum yang menyangkut
aspek-aspek formal atau struktual atau organisatoris dari tata hukum nasional,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Landasan hukum yang menentukan cirri
dan jiwa tata hukum nasional, </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">5.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Landasan hukum yang menyangkut
subtansi dan peraturan perundang- undangan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Landasan Hukum yang bukan universal
dipengaruhi oleh waktu dan tempat, maka landasan hukum pada suatu Negara tidak
sama dengan Negara lain. Landasan hukum itu mengandung nilai- nilai dan
tuntutan-tuntutan etik, karenanya landasan hukum merupakan jembatan antara
peraturan-peraturan hukum (positif) dengan cita-cita sosial dan pandangan etik
masyarakat. Melalui landasan hukum ini peraturan- peraturan hukum berubah
sifatnya menjadi bagian- bagian dari suatu tatanan etik. karena adanya ikatan
internal antara landasan- landasan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>hukum, maka hukum merupakan suatu sistem, yaitu sistem hukum. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">D.</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pandangan Positifisme Hukum </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pelopor Teori
Positivisme</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sebagaimana
kita ketahui oleh para penstudi hukum, bahwa Pemikir positivisme hukum yang
terkemuka adalah <i>John Austin</i> (1790-1859) yang berpendirian bahwa hukum
adalah perintah dari penguasa. Hakikat hukum sendiri menurut <i>Austin</i>
terletak pada unsur “perintah” (command). Hukum dipandang sebagai suatu sistem
yang tetap, logis, dan tertutup. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Aliran
positivisme hukum berasal dari ajaran sosiologis yang dikembangkan oleh filosof
Perancis yaitu <i>August Comte</i> (1798-1857) yang berpendapat bahwa terdapat
kepastian adanya hukum-hukum perkembangan mengatur roh manusia dan segala
gejala hidup bersama dan itulah secara mutlak. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">August Comte
hanya mengakui hukum yang dibuat oleh negara. Untuk memahami positivisme hukum
tidak dapat diabaikan metodelogi positivis dalam sains yang mengaharuskan
dilakukannya validasi dengan metode yang terbuka atas proposisi yang diajukan.
Karena itu bukti empirik adalah syarat universal untuk diterimanya kebenaran
dan tidak berdasarkan otoritas tradisi atau suatu kitab suci. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Positivisme
hukum mempunyai pandangan yang sama tentang diterimanya validasi. Seperti
halnya positivisme sains yang tidak dapat menerima pemikiran dari suatu
proposisi yang tidak dapat diverifikasi atau yang tidak dapat difalsifikasi.,
tetapi karena hukum itu ada karena termuat dalam perundang-undangan apakah
dipercaya atau tidak. Hukum harus dicantumkan dalam undang-undang oleh lembaga
legislatif dengan memberlakukan, memperbaiki dan merubahnya.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Positivisme
hukum berpandangan bahwa hukum itu harus dapat dilihat dalam ketentuan
undang-undang, karena hanya dengan itulah ketentuan hukum itu dapat
diverifikasi. Adapan yang di luar undang-undang tidak dapat dimasukkan sebagai
hukum karena hal itu berada di luar hukum. Hukum harus dipisahkan dengan moral,
walaupun kalangan positivis mengakui bahwa focus mengenai norma hukum sangat
berkaitan dengan disiplin moral, teologi, sosiolgi dan politik yang
mempengaruhi perkembangan sistem hukum. Moral hanya dapat diterima dalam sistem
hukum apabila diakui dan disahkan oleh otoritas yang berkuasa dengan
memberlakukannya sebagai hukum.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Yang dimaksud
dengan positifisme hukum adalah hal ditetapkannya dalam sebuah aturan hukum
oleh pengemban kewenangan hukum yang berwenang <i>(bevoedge rechtsautoritet).</i>
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum positif adalah terjemahan dari
<i>“ius positum”</i> dalam bahasa latin, yang secara harafiah berarti “hukum
yang ditetapkan” <i>(gested recht).</i> Jadi hukum positif adalah hukum yang
ditetapkan oleh manusia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kaidah hukum
positif adalah kaidah yang pada suatu waktu tertentu di tempat atau masyarakat
tertentu berlaku dan ditegakkan sebagai hukum bagi orang-orang tertentu.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara umum,
kaidah hukum positif ini mempunyai ciri-ciri obyektif berikut ini :</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bagian
terbanyak dari kaidah-kaidah ini ditetapkan oleh kekuasaan yang berwenang
(pemerintah atau otoritas publik).</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Memiliki sifat
lugas, obyektif dan rasional. Artinya, dapat dikenal, dan tidak tergantung pada
kehendak bebas yang subyektif, dan hampir selalu merupakan hasil dari suatu
proses rasional melalui prosedur yang diatur secara cermat.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">c.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berkaitan
dengan perilaku lahiriah yang dapat diamati.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">d.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Memiliki cara
keberadaan yang khas, yang disebut keberlakuan yang mencakup tiga faspek, yakni
aspek moral, aspek sosial dan aspek yuridis.<span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">e.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Memiliki bentuk
tertentu, yakni memiliki struktur formal.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">f.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berpretensi
untuk mewujudkan tujuan tertentu, yakni mewujudkan ketertiban yang berkeadilan.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pemikiran Ronald Dworkin</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.3pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Meskipun menurut beberapa ahli hukum Indonesia bahwa Dworkin merupakan
salah satu tokoh positivisme, tetapi di dalam teorinya, dia tidak sependapat
dengan teori positivis yang mengabaikan substansi hukum dan hanya memutus
perkara berdasarkan norma-norma saja (normatif). Teori yang diwakili Dworkin
adalah Content Theory yang muncul karena ketidaksetujuan terhadap sistem
formalisme hukum yang ditokohi Langdell. Dalam hal ini Dworkin tidak setuju
dengan penggunaan metode deduktif dalam pengambilan putusan. Dworkin dipandang
sebagai penganut teori hukum alam modern karena sebelumnya mazhab hukum alam
hanya berpegang pada asas legal formal dalam proses hakim membuat keputusan,
tanpa mempertimbangkan substansi dari peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada.
Dworkin juga memusatkan perhatiannya pada teori “law as integrity”-nya dimana
peran moral para hakim dalam membangun suatu sistem substansi di dalam proses
membuat putusan sangatlah mutlak perlu. Namun, meski sebagian ahli mengkritik
Dworkin yang menyatakan anti pada sistem, tetapi sesungguhnya, dengan teori
substansinya, Dworkin juga terjebak pada sistem baru yang akhirnya tak ada
bedanya dengan sistem positivisme. Inilah yang membuat beberapa ahli hukum
tetap memasukan Dworkin sebagai salah satu tokoh positivisme.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada prinsipnya pemisahan hukum yang ada dan hukum yang seharusnya ada,
adalah filosofi yang paling fundamental dari positivisme hukum. Beberapa ahli
penganut aliran positivisme seperti telah diuraikan sebelumnya juga memiliki
pemikiran yang pada dasarnya adalah sama di mana aliran positivisme hukum
dipandang sebagai suatu aliran hukum yang mengutamakan perintah penguasa yang
dikristalisasikan dalam bentuk peraturan-peraturan dan bukan didasarkan pada
moralitas.<span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengapa
Pandangan Hukum Positive Bertahan</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum positive memiliki sumbangan
tersendiri dalam disiplin ilmu hukum. Hukum positif menyaratkan suatu perbedaan
yang jelas antara yang legal atau illegal, sementara menganggap kurang penting
antara mana yang bermoral dan tidak bermoral. Hukum positive mengandaikan bahwa
hakikat hukum itu ada pada fenomenanya, meskipun kelompok essensialist
menganggap hal ini sebagai <i>second order</i> (urutan ke dua) karena melihat
pada bentuknya bukan dan melupakan esensinya. Namun bagaimanapun standar hukum
dalam positivisme sangat jelas. Hal ini dapat mempermudah orang awam sekalipun
untuk mengenali sistem hukum itu sendiri. Seperti yang dikatakan <i>Raz </i>melalui<i>
Leiter</i>: “Positivisme reflects and explicates our conception of the law”.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum mampu merefleksikan dan member
kita penjelasan mengenai konsep hukum kita. Misalnya saja kita dapat memberikan
perbedaan yang mana kemampuan hakim dalam memutus perkara berdasarkan aturan
main hukum dan mana yang menjadi karakter moralnya. Di samping itu, positivisme
memudahkan melakukan penyelidikan terhadap hukum. Penyelidikan secara <i>scientific</i>
memerlukan batasan-batasan yang dikhususkan pada bidang disiplin ilmu. Dan
positivisme telah berhasil membangun <i>framework </i>pada pertanyaan-pertayaan
hukum.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.3pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Selanjutnya dan terakhir, menurut
pendapat saya positivisme memuat pertanyaan tentang bagaimana hukum yang baik
tersebut. Positivisme percaya bahwa hukum yang baik itu (ought to be) adalah
hukum yang memiliki sifat utilitarianistik yaitu memberikan manfaat berupa
kepuasan yang dapat diterima oleh beberapa pihak. Memang untuk mencapai
kepuasan itu adalah subyektif namun setidaknya positivisme mampu
mengkonstruksikan bagaimana kepuasan dapat dicapai. Kepuasan dapat dicapai ketika
itu mampu diobyektifikasikan yakni merujuk pada fakta yang jelas. Dalam hal ini
ketika hukum menjadi objektifikasi maka fakta empirik adalah fakta yang
terdapat dalam hukum itu sendiri. Dari sini paling tidak, positivism sudah
mampu untuk membuat standarisasi yang jelas sebagai sebuah bangunan
pengetahuan.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.3pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Catatan<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>m</span><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">unculnya gerakan positivisme mempengaruhi banyak
pemikiran di berbagai bidang ilmu tentang kehidupan manusia. Positivisme
sebagai suatu aliran filsafat yang menyatakan ilmu alam sebagai satu-satunya
sumber pengetahuan yang benar dan menolak aktifitas yang berkenaan dengan
metafisik. Tidak mengenal adanya spekulasi, semua didasarkan pada data empiris.
Sesungguhnya aliran ini menolak adanya spekulasi teoritis sebagai suatu sarana
untuk memperoleh pengetahuan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.3pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan demikian, dapat dipahami, bahwa <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Positivisme</span> adalah suatu aliran dalam
filsafat hukum yang beranggapan bahwa teori hukum itu hanya bersangkut paut
dengan hukum positif saja. Ilmu hukum tidak membahas apakah hukum positif itu
baik atau buruk, dan tidak pula membahas soal efektivitas hukum dalam </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">E.</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pandangan Hukum Kodrat/ Alam </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apabila orang mengikuti sejarah Hukum
Alam, maka ia sedang mengikuti sejarah umat manusia yang berjuang untuk
menemukan keadilan yang mutlak di dunia ini serta kegagalan- kegagalannya.
Sepanjang waktu yang membentang ribuan tahun lamanya, juga sampai kepada masa
sekarang ini, ide tentang Hukum Alam ini selalu apa saja yang muncul sebagai
suatu manifestasi dari usaha manusia yang demikian itu, yaitu yang merindukan
adanya hukum yang lebih tinggi dari hukum positif. Pada suatu ketika ide
tentang Hukum Alam muncul dengan kuatnya, pada saat yang lain lagi ia abaikan,
tatapi bagaimanapun ia tida pernah mati.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum Alam sesungguhnya merupakan suatu
konsep yang mencangkup banyak teori di dalamnya. Berbagai anggapan dan pendapat
yang dikelompokkan ke dalam Hukum Alam ini berbagai artinya oleh berbagai
kalangan dan pada masa yang berbeda-beda pula. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berikut ini disebutkan berbagai
anggapan yang demikian itu</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Merupakan
ideal- ideal yang menuntut perkembangan hukum dan pelaksanaannya,</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Suatu dasar
dalam hukum yang bersifat moral, yang menjaga jangan sampai terjadi suatu
pemisahan secara total antara ”yang ada sekarang” dan “yang seharusnya”</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Suatu metode untuk menentukan hukum
yang sempurna,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Isi dari hukum yang sempurna, yang
dapat dideduksikan melalui akal,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">5.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Suatu kondisi yang harus ada bagi
kehadiran hukum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Selama
sejarahnya, Hukum Alam telah menjalankan dan melayani bermacam-macam fungsi,
diantaranya (Friedman, 1953 : 17) adalah :</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ia berfungsi
sebagai instrumen utama pada saat hukum perdata romawi kuno ditransformasikan
menjadi suatu sistem internasional yang luas.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ia telah
menjadi senjata yang dipakai oleh kedua pihak , yaitu pihak gereja dan
kerajaan,dalam pergaulan antara mereka. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Atas nama hukum
alamiah kesahan dari hukum internasional itu ditegakan. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ia telah
menjadi tumpuan pada saat orang melancarkan perjuangan bagi kebebasan induvidu
berhadapan dengan absolutisme. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">5.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Prinsip-prinsip
Hukum Alam telah dijadikan senjata oleh para hakim Amerika, pada waktu mereka
memberikan tafsiran terhadap konstitusi mereka, dengan menolak campur tangan
negara melalui perundang-undangan yang ditujukan untuk membatasi kemerdekaan
ekonomi.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">10.
MAZHAB HUKUM</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.3pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mazhab-mazhab Ilmu Pengetahuan Hukum</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> | Mengapakah orang mentaati
hukum? Tanpa memperhatikan adanya sanksi terhadap pelanggaran kaedah hukum,
timbul pertanyaan-pertanyaan:”Dari manakah asal hukum itu, mengapakah hukum
ditaati orang dan mengapa kita harus tunduk pada </span><a href="http://informasiana.com/pengertian-hukum-dan-tujuan-hukum/"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">hukum</span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> itu?”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Persoalan ketaatan terhadap hukum
telah menimbulkan berbagai teori dan aliran pendapat atau mazhab –mazhab dalam
Ilmu pengetahuan Hukum.</span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mazhab hukum alam</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Adapun teori tentang hukum alam
telah ada sejak zaman dahulu yang antara lain diajarkan oleh Aristoteles yang
mengajarkan ada dua macam hukum yaitu</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in left 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum
yang berlaku karena penetapan penguasa negara</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list 49.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum
yang tidak tergantung dari pandangan manusia tentang baik buruknya, hukum yang
“asli”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut Aristoteles, pendapat orang
tentang “keadilan” adalah tidak sama, sehingga seakan-akan tak ada hukum alam
yang asli. Namun haruslah diakui bahwa keaslian sesuatu benda atau hal tidaklah
tergantung pada waktu dan tempat; kekecualian dalam sesuatu hal tentulah ada. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bukanlah syarat mutlah bahwa hukum
alam itu berlaku di zaman apa saja dan dimana-mana, tetapi l<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>azimnya yaitu dalam keadaan biasa,
hukum alam itu memang didapati dimana saja dan dizaman apa saja, berhubung
dengan sifat keasliannya yang memang selaras dengan kodrat alam.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Prof Subekti S.H mengatakan bahwa
menurut kodrat alam misalnya tangan kanan adalah lebih kuat dari tangan kiri,
tetapi ada juga orang yang tangan kirinya lebih kuat dari tangan kanannya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berhubung dengan itu menurut Aristotees,
Hukum Alam itu adalah “Hukum yang oleh orang-orang berfikiran sehat dirasakan
sebagai selaras dengan kodrat alam”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Thomas Van Aquino (1225 -1274)
berpendapat bahwa segala keadilan di alam dunia ini diperintah dan dikemudikan
oleh suatu “undang-undang abadi” (“Lex Eterna”) yang menjadi dasar dari semua
peraturan perundangan lainnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lex eterna ini ialah kehendak dan
pikiran Tuhan yang menciptakan dunia ini. Manusia dikarunia Tuhan dengan
kemampuan berfikir dan kecakapan untuk dapat membedakan baik dan buruk serta
mengenal berbagai peraturan perundangan yang langsung berasal dari
“undang-undang abadi” itu, dan yang oleh Thomas Van Aquino dinamakan “Hukum
Alam” (“Lex naturalis”).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum alam tersebut hanyalah memuat
asas-asas umum seperti misalnya:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in left .75in 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berbuat baik dan jauhilah kejahatan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in left .75in 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bertindaklah menurut pikiran yang
sehat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in left .75in 76.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cintailah sessamamu seperti engkau
mencintai dirimu sendiri.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut Thomas Van Aquino, asas-asas
pokok tersebut mempunyai kekuatan yang mutlak, tidak mengenal kekecualian,
berlaku dimana-mana dan tetap tidak berubah sepanjang zaman.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hugo de Groot (abad ke-17), seorang
penganjur Hukum Alam dalam bukunya “de jure Belli ac Pacis” (Tentang hukum
perang dan damai) berpendapat bahwa sumber hukum alam adalah pikiran atau akal
manusia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum alam, menurut Hugo de Groot
ialah pertimbangan pikiran yang menunjukkan mana yang benar dan mana yang tidak
benar. Hukum Alam itu merupakan suatu pernyataan pikiran (akal) manusia yang
sehat mengenai persoalan apakah suatu perbuatan sesuai dengan kodrat manusia,
dan karena itu apakah perbuatan tersebut diperlukan atau harus ditolak.</span></div>
<ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l44 level1 lfo40; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mazhab sejarah</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sebagai reaksi terhadap para pemuja
Hukum Alam, di Eropah timbul suatu aliran baru yang dipelopori oleh Friedrich
Carl Von Savigny (1779 – 1861) yang terkenal dengan bukunya “Vom Beruf unserer
Zeitfur Gesetzgebung und Rechtswissenschaft (1814).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Von Savigny berpendapat bahwa hukum
itu mesti dipandang sebagai suatu penjelmaan dari jiwa atau rohani sesuatu
bangsa selalu ada suatu hubungan yang erat antara hukum dengan kepribadian
suatu bangsa.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum itu menurut von Savigny,
bukanlah disusun atau diciptakan oleh orang, tetapi hukum itu tumbuh sendiri
ditengah-tengah rakyat. Hukum itu adalah penjelmaan dari kehendak rakyat, yang
pada suatu saat juga akan mati apabila suatu bangsa kehilangan kepribadiannya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut pendapat tersebut, jelaslah
bahwa hukum itu merupakan suatu rangkaian kesatuan dan tak terpisahkan dari
sejarah suatu tempat dan waktu. Jelaslah pula, bahwa pendapat von Savigny ini
bertentangan dengan ajaran mazhab Hukum Alam, yang berpendapat bahwa hukum alam
itu berlaku abadi dimana-mana bagi seluruh manusia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Aliran yang menghubungkan Hukum dan
sejarah suatu bangsa dinamakan “Mazhab sejarah”,Mazhab sejarah itu menimbulkan
ilmu pengetahuan hukum positif.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum Positif atau Ius Constitutum
(oleh Prof. Sudirman Kartohadiprodjo, S.H disebut tata hukum) menurut Dr.W.L.G
Lemaire ialah “Het Hier en nu geldend recht’, yaitu Hukum yang berlaku didaerah
atau negara tertentu pada suatu waktu tertentu.</span></div>
<ol start="3" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo41; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teori Teokrasi</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teori tentang hukum alam yang telah
dijelaskan diatas merupakan bagian dari Filasafat Hukum yang bertujuan
menemukan jawaban atas pertanyaan:”Dari manakah asalnya Hukum dan mengapa kita
mesti tunduk pada Hukum?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada masa lampau di Eropa para ahli
fikir (Filosof) menganggap dan mengajarkan bahwa Hukum itu berasal dari Tuhan
Yang Maha Esa, dan oleh karena itulah maka manusia diperintahkan Tuhan harus
tunduk pada Hukum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perintah-perintah yang datang dari
Tuhan itu dituliskan dalam Kitab Suci. Tinjauan mengenai Hukum dikaitkan dengan
kepercayaan dan Agama, dan ajaran tentang legitimasi kekuasaan huku didasarkan
atas kepercayaan dan agama.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Adapun teori-teori yang mendasarkan
berlakunya hukum atas kehendak Tuhan Yang Maha Esa dinamakan teori ketuhanan
(teori Teokrasi) berhubung peraturan perundangan itu ditetapkan penguasa negara
maka oleh penganjur Teori Teokrasi diajarkan, bahwa para penguasa negara itu
mendapat kuasa dari Tuhan; seolah-olah para Raja atau penguasa lainnya
merupakan wakil tuhan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teori Teokrasi ini dieropa barat
diterima umum hingga zaman Renaissance</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<ol start="4" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo42; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teori Kedaulatan Rakyat</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada zaman Renaissance, timbul teori
yang mengajarkan bahwa dasar hukum itu adalah “akal” atau “rasio” manusia
(aliran Rasionalisme).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut aliran Rasionalisme ini
bahwa Raja dan penguasa Negara lainnya memperoleh kekuasaannya itu bukanlah
dari Tuhan, tetapi dari rakyatnya. Pada abad pertengahan diajarkan, bahwa
kekuasaan Raja itu berasal dari suatu perjanjian antara Raja dengan rakyatnya
yang menaklukkan dirinya kepada Raja itu dengan syarat-syarat yang disebutkan
dalam perjanjian itu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kemudian setelah itu dalam Abad
ke-18, Jean jacqua Rousseau memperkenalkan teorinya, bahwa dasar terjadinya
suatu negara ialah “Perjanjian masyarakat” (“Contrat Social”) yang diadakan
oleh dan antara anggota masyarakat untuk mendirikan suatu negara.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Adapun teori Rousseau tersebut
dikemukakannya dalam buku karangannya yang berjudul “Le Contrat Social” (1672).
Teori Rousseau yang menjadi dasar paham “kedaulatan Rakyat” mengajarkan bahwa
Negara bersandar atas kemauan rakyat, demikian pula halnya semua peraturan
perundangan adalah penjelmaan kemauan rakyat tersebut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Demikian menurut aliran ini, bahwa
hukum itu adalah kemauan orang seluruhnya yang telah mereka serahkan kepada
suatu organisasi (yaitu negara) yang telah terlebih dahulu mereka bentuk dan
diberi tugas membentuk hukum yang berlaku dalam masyarakat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Orang mentaati hukum, karena orang
sudah berjanji mentaatinya. Teori ini dapat juga disebut teori perjanjian
masyarakat.</span></div>
<ol start="5" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo43; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teori Kedaulatan Negara</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada abad ke 19, Teori Perjanjian
Masyarakat ini ditentang oleh Teori yang mengatakan bahwa kekuasaan Hukum tidak
dapat didasarkan atas kemauan bersama seluruh anggota masyarakat. Hukum itu
ditaati ialah karena Negaralah yang menghendakinya; hukum adalah kehendak
negara dan negara itu mempunyai kekuatan (power) yang tidak terbatas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teori ini dinamakan teori Kedaulatan
negara, yang timbul pada abad memuncaknya ilmu-ilmu pengetahuan Alam.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penganjur Teori Kedaulatan Negara,
yaitu Hans Kelsen dalam bukunya”Reine Rechtslehre” mengatakan bahwa Hukum itu
ialah tidak lain daripada “Kemauan negara” (Willie des Staates).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Namun demikian, Hans Kelsen
mengatakan bahwa orang taat kepada hukum bukan karena Negara menghendakinya
tetapi orang taat pada hukum karena ia merasa wajib mentaatinya sebagai
perintah negara.</span></div>
<ol start="6" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo44; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teori Kedaulatan Hukum</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Prof. Mr. H. Krabbe dari Universitas
Leiden menentang Teori kedaulatan negara ini. Dalam bukunya yang berjudul “Die
Lehre Der Rechtssouveranitet” (1906), beliau mengajarkan bahwa sumber hukum
ialah rasa keadilan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut Krabbe, Hukum hanyalah apa
yang memenuhi rasa keadilan dari orang terbanyak yang ditundukkan padanya.
Suatu peraturan perundangan yang tidak sesuai dengan rasa keadailan dari jumlah
terbanyak orang, tidak dapat mengikat. Peraturan perundangan yang demikian
bukanlah “Hukum”, walaupun ia masih ditaati ataupun dipaksakan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum itu ada, karena anggota
masyarakat mempunyai perasaan bagaiman seharusnya hukum itu. Hanyalah kaedah
yang timbul dari perasaan hukum anggota sesuatu masyarakat, mempunyai
kewibawaan atau kekuasaan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teori yang timbul pada abad ke 200
ini dinamakan teori kedaulatan hukum</span></div>
<ol start="7" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l43 level1 lfo45; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Asas keseimbangan</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Prof. Mar. R. Kranenburg, murid dari
dan pengganti Prof. Krabbe berusaha mencari dalil yang menjadi dasar
berfungsinya kesadaran hukum orang.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kranenburg membela ajaran Krabbe,
bahwa kesadaran hukum orang itu menjadi sumber hukum. Menurut Kranenburg, hukum
itu berfungsi menurut suatu dalil yang nyata (riil).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalil yang nyata yang menjadi dasar
berfungsi kesadaran hukum orang dirumuskan oleh Kranenburg sebagai berikut:
Tiap orang menerima keuntungan atau mendapat kerugian sebanyak dasar-dasar yang
telah ditetapkan atau diletakkan terlebih dahulu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembagian keuntungan dan kerugian
dalam hal tidak ditetapkan terlebih dahulu dasar-dasarnya, ialah bahwa
tiap-tiap anggota masyarakat hukum sederajat dan sama.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hukum atau dalil ini oleh Kranenburg
dinamakan asas keseimbangan berlaku dimana-mana dan pada waktu apapun.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">C. PENUTUP</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: -13.7pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A. KESIMPULAN</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut Satjipto Rahardjo Ilmu hukum adalah ilmu pengetahuan
yang berusaha menelaah hukum. Ilmu hukum mencakup dan membicarakan segala hal
yang berhubungan dengan hukum. Ilmu hukum objeknya hukum itu sendiri. Demikian
luasnya masalah yang dicakup oleh ilmu ini, sehingga sempat memancing pendapat
orang untuk mengatakan bahwa “batas-batasnya tidak bisa ditentukan” (Curzon,
1979 : v). Selanjutnya menurut J.B. Daliyo Ilmu hukum adalah ilmu pengetahuan
yang objeknya hukum. Dengan demikian maka ilmu hukum akan mempelajari semua
seluk beluk mengenai hukum, misalnya mengenai asal mula, wujud, asas-asas,
sistem, macam pembagian, sumber-sumber, perkembangan, fungsi dan kedudukan
hukum di dalam masyarakat. Ilmu hukum sebagai ilmu yang mempunyai objek hukum
menelaah hukum sebagai suatu gejala atau fenomena kehidupan manusia dimanapun
didunia ini dari masa kapanpun. Seorang yang berkeinginan mengetahui hukum
secara mendalam sangat perlu mempelajari hukum itu dari lahir, tumbuh dan
berkembangnya dari masa ke masa sehingga sejarah hukum besar perannya dalam hal
tersebut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengantar Ilmu Hukum (PIH) kerapkali oleh dunia studi hukum
dinamakan “Encyclopaedia Hukum”, yaitu mata kuliah dasar yang merupakan
pengantar (introduction atau inleiding) dalam mempelajari ilmu hukum. Dapat
pula dikatakan bahwa PIH merupakan dasar untuk pelajaran lebih lanjut dalam
studi hukum yang mempelajari pengertian-pengertian dasar, gambaran dasar
tentang sendi-sendi utama ilmu hukum.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan Pengantar Imu Hukum adalah menjelaskan tentang
keadaan, inti dan maksud tujuan dari bagian-bagian penting dari hukum, serta
pertalian antara berbagai bagian tersebut dengan ilmu pengetahuan hukum. Adapun
kegunaannya adalah untuk dapat memahami bagian-bagian atau jenis-jenis ilmu
hukum lainnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">https://tiarramon.wordpress.com/2009/05/11/ilmu-hukum/</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">http://galaxyandromedha.blogspot.com/2008/11/hukum-dalam-arti-disiplin-hukum.html</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">http://www.anekamakalah.com/2013/07/pengertian-hukum.html</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">http://kumpulan-kumpulan-makalah.blogspot.com/2016/03/makalah-pengantar-ilmu-hukum.html</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">https://butew.com/2018/01/24/macam-macam-klasifikasi-hukum/</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">http://hidupdaninformasi.blogspot.com/2017/04/sistem-hukum-dan-klasifikasi-hukum.html</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">https://hukum-tata-negara-htn.blogspot.com/2016/10/teori-penafsiran-hukum.html</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">http://makalah2107.blogspot.com/2016/07/makalah-kodifikasi-hukum.html</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">http://cintakamumerlina.blogspot.com/2013/10/pengantar-ilmu-hukum-kodifikasi-hukum.html</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">http://www.ensikloblogia.com/2016/08/pengertian-kodifikasi-hukum-dan-unifikasi-hukum.html</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">http://carangerti.blogspot.com/2016/02/makalah-teori-berlakunya-kaidah-hukum.html</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">https://informasiana.com/mazhab-mazhab-ilmu-pengetahuan-hukum/#</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
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</div>
Fadhilah OKUhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10281099993610775199noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2582096905088977360.post-46211544002919885642019-01-06T17:37:00.003-08:002021-03-19T20:19:58.221-07:00MAKALAH MEMPERTAHANKAN KEJUJURAN SEBAGAI CERMIN KEPRIBADIAN <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MAKALAH</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MEMPERTAHANKAN KEJUJURAN SEBAGAI</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>CERMIN KEPRIBADIAN</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf4cL4AGSGCBGORrAcVDQ9FOFjP82YEX3O3cV_iTxW7QsdiIuJpnIzfyp5fHXvu7wM-CxZTEfV7mnnqSliUNOBqjdwuv6rg4IsfqbTqHgR-CvNuS4WZexDHvA1FEU5t36e3Z43xzqhn69N/s900/JUJUR.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf4cL4AGSGCBGORrAcVDQ9FOFjP82YEX3O3cV_iTxW7QsdiIuJpnIzfyp5fHXvu7wM-CxZTEfV7mnnqSliUNOBqjdwuv6rg4IsfqbTqHgR-CvNuS4WZexDHvA1FEU5t36e3Z43xzqhn69N/s320/JUJUR.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">DISUSUN OLEH :</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 2.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 2in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ALINA SARI</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 2.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 2in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MITA BR SIDABUTAR</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 2.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 2in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ANGGI</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 2.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 2in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">RAHMAT AMI B</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 2.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 2in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ALPANJI</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ERLIS</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MEGA</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMK NEGERI </span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019</span></b></div>
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<td><a name='more'></a><br /></td>
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<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KATA PENGANTAR</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Segala puji bagi Allah, Rabb yang telah menurunkan Al-Qur’an
sebagai petunjuk bagi umat manusia dalam menempuh jalan yang benar dan berkat
rahmat Allah Yang Maha Kuasa, akhirnya kami dapat menyelesaikan makalah ini .</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sholawat dan salam semoga senantiasa tercurahlimpahkan
kepada Rasulillah Muhammad SAW pemberi uswah (teladan) dan bimbingan tentang
perlunya kita memiliki sifat jujur sekaligus mempraktekkannya dalam aktifitas
kehidupan kita sehari-hari.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Akhirnya kritik saran dari pembaca, dengan senang hati siap
kami terima, semoga usaha penulisan makalah ini tidak sia-sia dan semoga Alloh
SWT memberikan manfaat dan ridlaNya kepada kita semua. Amin.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> A</span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">gustus 2018</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Penulis</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">DAFTAR
ISI</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">HALAMAN JUDUL<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................................... </span>i</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">KATA PENGANTAR<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................................ </span>ii<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">DAFTAR ISI<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.............................................................................................. </span>iii</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB I PENDAHULUAN</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1. Latar
Belakang Masalah<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.......................................................................... </span>1</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2. Sistematika
Pembahasan<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.......................................................................... </span>1</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3. Tujuan Pembuatan Makalah<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">..................................................................... </span>1</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB II PEMBAHASAN</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1. Pengertian
Jujur<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">....................................................................................... </span>3</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2. Dalil-dalil
tentang kejujuran<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................... </span>3</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3. Sedikit
tentang jujur....<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................ </span>4</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4. Alasan
mengapa kita harus JUJUR <span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">......................................................... </span>8</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5. Alasan banyak
orang masih berbohong.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................. </span>9</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">6. Keberkahan
dan manfaat dari Sikap Jujur<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................. </span>10</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7. Mudharat
Dusta<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">..................................................................................... </span>12</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB III PENUTUP</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1. KESIMPULAN<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">..................................................................................... </span>14</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2. SARAN-SARAN<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................................. </span>14<br />
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-themecolor: text1;">DAFTAR
PUSTAKA<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................... </span>15</span></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></b><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span></b>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB
I<br />
PENDAHULUAN</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.
Latar Belakang Masalah</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Manusia pada dasarnya
ingin memperoleh hasil yang memuaskan dari setiap usaha yang mereka lakukan,
mereka tidak ingin mengalami kegagalan dalam segala hal, usaha dhahir perlu
dilakukan, usaha bathin juga perlu dilaksanakan, karena kita tau bahwa manusia
hanya bisa berusaha, Allah SWT yang akan menentukan hasilnya.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Namun tidak sedikit
dari manusia yang melanggar rambu-rambu agama, dalam melakukan usahanya mereka
rela berdusta, mereka tidak jujur dalam berbuat dan berkata-kata, padahal itu
adalah perbuatan tercela yang pastinya akan celaka dan kelak akan disiksa oleh
Alloh SWT. Tetapi kenyataannya, perilaku tidak jujur ini telah dimulai dari
komunitas terkecil dalam lapisan masyarakat, yaitu keluarga. Nah, apabila dalam
keluarga saja sudah dipraktekkan perilaku tidak jujur ini, tentulah hal ini
akan merambah kemana-mana.Naudzubillahi min dzalik.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.
Sistematika Pembahasan</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.
Pengertian Jujur<br />
2. Dalil-dalil yang mendasari wajibnya perilaku jujur<br />
3. Sedikit tentang jujur<br />
4. Alasan mengapa kita harus berperilaku jujur<br />
5. Alasan banyak orang masih berbohong<br />
6. Keberkahan dan manfaat dari sikap jujur<br />
7. Akibat berperilaku dusta<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3. Tujuan Pembuatan
Makalah</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk
memenuhi tugas dari Guru Pembimbing mapel Aqidah akhlak yang telah diembankan
kepada kami.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Agar
Kita dapat saling mengingatkan dan menyadarkan antara satu sama lain serta
berfikir untuk hidup dan berkarya lebih baik lagi dengan modal kejujuran.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Semoga
dari hasil pembahasan makalah ini semuanya mendapat dorongan untuk selalu
bersikap jujur yakni kepada Alloh SWT, Orang tua, Guru, teman dan pada
lingkungan.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB
II</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">PEMBAHASAN</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.
Pengertian Jujur</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Apa itu jujur? Menurut Kamus Besar
Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Jujur adalah lurus hati;tidak berbohong, tidak curang.
kata jujur adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menyatakan sikap seseorang. Bila
seseorang berhadapan dengan suatu atau fenomena maka seseorang itu akan
memperoleh gambaran tentang sesuatu atau fenomena tersebut. Bila seseorang itu
menceritakan informasi tentang gambaran tersebut kepada orang lain tanpa ada
“perobahan” (sesuai dengan realitasnya ) maka sikap yang seperti itulah yang
disebut dengan jujur. Sedangkan menurut istilah, Jujur berarti berkata yang
benar yang bersesuaian antara lisan dan apa yang ada dalam hati. Jujur juga
secara bahasa dapat berarti perkataan yang sesuai dengan realita dan hakikat
sebenarnya. Kebalikan jujur itulah yang disebut dusta. Atau dapat juga
dikatakan, jujur adalah sebuah sikap yang selalu berupaya menyesuaikan atau
mencocokan antara Informasi dengan fenomena. Dalam agama Islam sikap seperti
inilah yang dinamakan shiddiq. Makanya jujur itu ber-nilai tak terhingga.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.
Dalil-dalil tentang kejujuran</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam AlQur’an telah di sebutkan
beberapa ayat tentang kejujuran antara lain adalah:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1. Surat Al-Anfal ayat 58</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dan jika kamu khawatir akan (terjadinya)
pengkhianatan dari suatu golongan, Maka kembalikanlah Perjanjian itu kepada
mereka dengan cara yang jujur. Sesungguhnya Allah tidak menyukai orang-orang
yang berkhianat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2. Surat An-Nahl ayat 105</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sesungguhnya yang mengada-adakan
kebohongan, hanyalah orang-orang yang tidak beriman kepada ayat-ayat Allah, dan
mereka Itulah orang-orang pendusta.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3. Surat At-Taubah ayat 119</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hai orang-orang yang beriman bertakwalah
kepada Allah, dan hendaklah kamu bersama orang-orang yang jujur (benar)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4. Surah Muhammad ayat 21</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“Tetapi jikalau mereka berlaku jujur
pada Allah, niscaya yang demikian itu lebih baik bagi mereka.” (QS. Muhammad:
21)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam Hadist Nabi Juga dimuat
(dijelaskan) tentang kejujuran, antara lain adalah ;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1. Hadist Riwayat Imam Bukhari dan Imam
Muslim dari Abdullah bin Mas’ud RA<br />
Artinya:<br />
Dari Abdullah bin Mas’ud dari Nabi SAW, Beliau bersabda; sesungguhnya kejujuran
itu membawa pada kebaikan dan kebaikan itu membawa (pelakunya) ke surga dan
orang yang membiasakan dirinya berkata benar(jujur) sehingga ia tercatat disisi
Allah sebagai orang yang benar, sesungguhnya dusta itu membawa pada
keburukan(kemaksiatan) dan keburukan itu membawa ke neraka dan orang yang
membiasakan dirinya berdusta sehingga ia tercatat disisi Alloh sebagai
pendusta. (HR. Bukhari Muslim)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2. Hadist dari Abi Muhammad Hasan bin
Ali bin Abi Thalib RA<br />
Artinya:<br />
Abi Muhammad Hasan bin Ali bin Abi Thalib RA, Ia berkata; Saya hafal (hadist)
dari Nabi SAW, “ Tinggalkan sesuatu yang meragukan pada sesuatu yang tidak
meragukan, maka sesungguhnya jujur adalah ketenangan(hati) dan dusta adalah
keraguan(hati)”. (HR Turmudzi)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3.
Sedikit tentang jujur....</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Berbicara masalah “jujur” yang terdiri
atas 5 huruf tapi zaman sekarang sangat sulit sekali ditemui. Salah satu
contohnya saja, ada cerita tentang investasi di sebuah swalayan, berapa besar
uang yang harus dikeluarkan untuk mengontrol “ketidakjujuran” pelanggannya
dengan membeli CCTV, dan menggaji satpam yang terkesan “sangar”. Selain itu,
juga terdapat cerita tentang sebuah perusahaan yang membeli alat-alat keamanan
seperti CCTV, fingerprint access,warning alarm dan point pengontrol hanya untuk
mendapat “security license”.<br />
Betapa mahalnya nilai sebuah kejujuran. Padahal tahukah anda, seorang panutan
umat muslim sedunia. Muhammad SAW meletakan kejujuran sebagai pondasi utama
dalam mendirikan sebuah agama bernama Islam. Walhasil beliu diberi gelar
Al-amin sejak kecil, artinya orang yang benar-benar kredible dalam menjalankan
amanah dan terkenal sangat jujur. Dari mulai tutur kata nya yang jauh dari
bohong, usaha jual beli yang ditekuninya tak pernah luput dari kejujuran, sehinga
orang Quraisy pada waktu itu sangat percaya menitipkan barang dangangan
miliknya kepada Rosulullah untuk diniagakan sampai ke negeri Syam (sekarang
Syiria). Hingga pada saat menjelang hijrah ke Yasrib (Madinah), dimana para
pemuka Quraisy sudah begitu benci kepada beliau, masih ada penduduk mekah yang
menitipkan barang di rumahnya. Sehingga begitu hendak berangkat beliau
menitipkan semua barang kepada Ali Bin Abu Thalib untuk dikembalikan kepada
pemiliknya. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Alloh SWT menciptkan
bumi dan langit berserta isinya dengan benar dan Alloh memerintahkan manusia
membangun kehidupan mereka dengan benar dan jujur. Mererka tidak diperkenakan
berkata dan berbuat sekehendak hatinya, kecuali dilakukanya di atas kebenaran.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kelalaian manusia dari
prinsip yang sudah jelas ini, mengakibatkan timbulnya kekecewaaan dan
kecelakaan, serta merajalelaanya kebohongan, kepalsuaan dan khayalan yang
menjauhkan mereka dari jalan yang benar, sehingga mereka mengasingkan diri dari
kenyataan yang obyektif yang harus mereka ikuti. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Oleh karena itu manusia
dituntut berpegang kepada kejujuran dengan memperhatikan prinsip kebenaran pada
setiap problem yang dihadapinya dan dilaksanakan di atas ketentuan hukum yang
benar. Dan yang demikian merupakan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">"Tiang yang kokoh" menurut
akhlaq Islam.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sabda Rasululloh saw, yang diriwayatkan
oleh Bukhori dan Muslim yangartinya;"Tinggalkan apa-apa yang kau ragukan,
kepada apa yang tidak kau ragukan. Janganlah kamu berburuk sangka, karena
berburuk sangka itu, ialah sedusta-dustanya percakapan."</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dan hadits yang
diriwayatkan At-Tirmidzy; "Kerjakan apa yang tidak kau ragu-ragukan,
sesungguhnya kebenaran itu membawa ketenangan, dan dusta itu menimbulkan
keragu- raguan."</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dari ungkapan tersebut
bagi kita merupakana kejelasan perintah Alloh SWT dan Rasululloh saw, yang mana
dalam menjalankan akitifitas kehidupan kita diperintahkan untuk selalu berlaku
jujur dan tidak ragu dalam melakukan pekerjaan, apalah artinya bila kehidupan
yang kita jalani selalu dalam kondisi yang tidak tenang merasa was-was dengan
perbuatan yang kita lakukan.<br />
Islam dalam ajaranya sangat menghormati dan menegakan kebenaran, mengusir
orang- orang pendusta dan menolak keras kehadiran mereka, untuk mempertegas
keburukan perbuatan dusta yang dilarang dan sangat dibenci oleh Rasululloh Saw,
Isteri beliau Siti Aisyah r.a berkata yangartinya: <br />
"Tiadak ada akhlaq yang paling dibenci Rasululloh saw lebih dari bohong.
Apabila beliau melihat seseorang bohong dari segi apa saja, maka orang itu
tidak keluar dari perasaan hati Rasululloh saw, sehingga beliau tahu bahwa
orang itu telah bertaubat.”(Atsar HR. Ahmad)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kejujuran bagi seorang
Muslim terkadang tak bisa lepas dari kehidupan sehari-hari, dalam pergaulan,
pekerjaan, dalam rumah tangga, juga bermasyarakat semua berlaku sifat kejujuran
karena prinsif ajaran Islam adalah senantiasa selalu berpegang pada ajaran
agamanya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bagi orang yang tak
berpegang pada prinsip agamanya, maka orang tersebut telah melangggar perintah
Alloh SWT dan Rasululloh saw. Maka orang tersebut telah berdosa kepada Alloh
selama orang tersebut tidak bertaubat dan kembali pada ajaran Agamanya maka
dosa-dosa tersebut akan mengalir selama hidupnya, naudzubillah jangan sampai
kita seperti itu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Alloh telah berfirman
dalam surat An-Najm [53], ayat 23 dan 28:<br />
Itu tidak lain hanyalah nama-nama yang kamu dan bapak-bapak kamu mengadakannya;
Allah tidak menurunkan suatu keteranganpun untuk (menyembah) nya. Mereka tidak
lain hanyalah mengikuti sangkaan-sangkaan, dan apa yang diingini oleh hawa
nafsu mereka dan sesungguhnya telah datang petunjuk kepada mereka dari Tuhan
mereka (QS. An-Najm [53] : 23)<br />
Dan mereka tidak mempunyai sesuatu pengetahuanpun tentang itu. Mereka tidak
lain hanyalah mengikuti persangkaan sedang sesungguhnya persangkaan itu tiada
berfaedah sedikitpun terhadap kebenaran. (QS. An-Najm [54] : 28)<br />
Dari keterangan semua ini maka ada prinsip Muslim yang utama harus diketahui
oleh kita semua bahwa setiap muslim itu harus berbicara jujur, benar, menepati
janji, disiplin dan tertib dalam melakukan sesuatu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dan bagi seorang
munafiq (berkata bukan yang sebenarnya) maka prinsip yang ada padanya tak lain
selalu berbicara dusta, ingkar janji, berkhianat, memfitnah, melontarkan
tuduhan palsu (bohong), memutuskan hubungan dengan agama, menipu dan berdusta
untuk mengelabui apa yang sebenarnya terjadi.<br />
Ada hadits yang diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari dan Muslim yang artinya; "Maukah
saya beritaukan tentang tiga dosa besar." Sahabat menjawab; "Baiklah
ya Rasululloh," Rasululloh saw bersabda; "1. Menyekutkan Alloh, 2.
Durhaka kepada ibu bapak, tandainya menyandar, lalu beliau tegak duduk sambil
bersabda: camkanlah dan, 3. Saksi palsu dan perkataan bohong." Maka beliau
mengulangi persaksian palsu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Demikian tegas
Rasululloh saw memperingatkan tentang dosa dan bahaya persaksian palsu. Karena
perbuatan memalsu adalah dusta yang sangat menyesatkan dan bukan saja
menyembunyikan kebenaran tapi menghapuskan dan mengantinya dengan yang salah. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Bahayanya sangat besar
dan membinasakan, baik orang seorang dalam kasus-kasus tertentu maupun
perusahan-perusahan yang bergerak dalam jasa apapun, semua bila tidak memegang
prinsif kejujuran yang telah ditetapkan agama maka kehancuran akan datang
setiap waktu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sebagai perenungan
kita, hadits R. Ibnu Abid Dunya; "Perhatikanlah kejujuran. Dan apabila
kamu memandang kebinasaan berada di dalam kejujuran, maka sebenarnya
didalamnya-lah keselamatan.” semoga Alloh SWT membimbing kita untuk selalu
jujur.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Yuk.. kita renungkan
dan bayangkan, apa jadinya sebuah usaha atau peniagaan yang berlandaskan
kejujuran! mungkin tidak perlu lagi Satpam, kamera pengontrol, portal atau
pintu besi sebuah brangkas uang yang berlapis-lapis.Yuk.. kita bayangkan
kehidupan masyarakat yang dilandasi kejujuran!, tidak ada lagi rasa saling
curiga, yang ada kepercayaan setiap individu kepada individu lainya.Yuk.. kita
bayangkan kehidupan dalam sebuah negara yang berlandaskan kejujuran!. Mungkin
tidak ada lagi KPK, hakim dan jaksa di pengadilan akan sedikit ringan bebanya.
Korupsi.. NO WAY </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4.
Alasan mengapa kita harus JUJUR </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada dasarnya, mengapa kita harus
bersikap jujur adalah karena sudah berkali-kali ditegaskan dalam Al-Quran
tentang kewajiban untuk berperilaku jujur, sebagai umat agama islam, maka sudah
seharusnyalah kita menaati pedoman tersebut. Selain itu, jujur merupakan
cerminan dari hati dan pribadi kita sendiri, karena kejujuran bukan merupakan
sesuatu yang bersifat kondisional, tetapi berasal dari hati.Jujur juga
mencerminkan tingkat keimanan diri kita sendiri. Ada beberapa alasan lain
mengapa kita harus jujur:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1. “Anda tidak akan terperangkap dalam
kebohongan jika anda berkata jujur. Dengan demikian anda nggak harus terus
mengingat-ingat apa yang telah anda katakan, dan anda tidak akan lupa pada apa
yang telah anda katakan” (Sam Rayburn)<br />
2. Berkata jujur berarti tidak ada orang lain yang akan disalahkan gara-gara
perbuatan anda</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3. “Kebenaran selalu merupakan argumen
yang paling kuat” (Sophocles)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4. Berkata jujur memberi anda kesempatan
untuk menjelaskan apa yang sesungguhnya terjadi. Mungkin kejadian tersebut
tidak seburuk yang anda kira, atau tidak seburuk yang orang lain kira</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5. Berkata jujur biasanyat idak akan
menjerumuskan anda ke dalam masalah sedalam kalau anda berbohong</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">6. Berbohong menyebabkan stress lebih
berat daripada berkata jujur. Anda tidak harus khawatir seseorang pada akhirnya
akan mengetahui kebohongan2 anda<br />
7. Berkata jujur membantu orang-orang yang anda sayangi, lebih percaya dan
hormat pada anda</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">8. “Orang-orang patut
menerima..kebenaran. Mereka patut mendapatkan kejujuran” (Bruce springsteen)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">9. Berkata jujur membantu anda merasa
tenang di dalam hati. Berbohong membuat perut anda akan melilit tidak jelas</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">10. Kebohongan adalah sebuat jebakan.
Kebenaran bisa membebaskan anda dari jebakan itu dan memungkinkan anda terus
melangkah maju dalam hidup<br />
11. “Anda tidak akan pernah menemukan siapa diri anda sebenarnya, sampai anda
berani menghadapi kebenaran” (Pearl Bailey)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5.
Alasan banyak orang masih berbohong.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Setelah membahas alasan kita bersikap
jujur, pasti muncul di benak kita mengapa masih ada sebagian orang yang tetap
berbohong.disadari atau tidak, hampir tiap hari tiap orang pasti berbohong.
Masalahnya, berbohong bermacam-macam sebabnya dan bermacam-macam juga tujuannya
sebab semua dipengaruhi oleh bermacam-macam faktor eksternal dan internal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ada dua faktor penyebab kebohongan:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.Faktor internal</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.Faktor eksternal</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.Faktor internal</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Yaitu faktor yang ada dalam diri
seseorang.Banyak alasan kenapa seseorang berbohong.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.Menutupi
kelemahan/ketidakmampuan yang ada pada dirinya (minder)<br />
2.Ingin dianggap “wah” oleh orang lain<br />
3.Sekadar ingin menyenangkan hati orang lain<br />
4.Tidak ingin hal-hal yang bersifat privasi diketahui orang lain<br />
5.Sebagai usaha untuk meyakinkan orang lain<br />
6.Menghindarkan diri dari tanggung jawab<br />
7.Bertujuan menipu orang lain<br />
8.Supaya dihargai orang lain<br />
9.Memang kebiasaan berbohong<br />
10.Karena punya tujuan tertentu.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.Faktor eksternal</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Yaitu faktor yang ada di luar diri
seseorang.Banyak alasan kenapa seseorang berbohong.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1.Karena
dibayar orang lain untuk berbohong<br />
2.Melindungi/menyelamatkan diri sendiri atau orang lain dari ancaman seseorang<br />
3.Pengaruh pergaulan<br />
4.Ingin merasa lebih.<br />
5.Karena alasan politik<br />
6.Alasan bisnis<br />
7.Karena basa-basi<br />
8.Karena ingin mendapatkan uang<br />
9.Karena profesi<br />
10.Karena tidak memenuhi persyaratan</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Masih banyak sebab dan tujuan orang
berbohong. Namun hal-hal di atas adalah yang terjadi dalam kehidupan kita
sehari-hari.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kesimpulan:<br />
Baik atau tidaknya berbohong, tergantung daripada situasi,kondisi,sebab dan
tujuannya.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">6.
Keberkahan dan manfaat dari Sikap Jujur</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Jika kita merenungkan, perilaku jujur sebenarnya
mudah menuai berbagai keberkahan. Yang dimaksud keberkahan adalah tetap dan
bertambahnya kebaikan. Dari sahabat Hakim bin Hizam, Nabi shallallahu 'alaihi
wa sallam bersabda,<br />
“Kedua orang penjual dan pembeli masing-masing memiliki hak pilih (khiyar)
selama keduanya belum berpisah. Bila keduanya berlaku jujur dan saling terus
terang, maka keduanya akan memperoleh keberkahan dalam transaksi tersebut.
Sebaliknya, bila mereka berlaku dusta dan saling menutup-nutupi, niscaya akan
hilanglah keberkahan bagi mereka pada transaksi itu.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Di antara keberkahan sikap jujur ini akan
memudahkan kita mendapatkan berbagai jalan keluar dan kelapangan. Coba
perhatikan baik-baik perkataan Ibnu Katsir rahimahullah ketika menjelaskan
surat At Taubah ayat 119. Beliau mengatakan, “Berlaku jujurlah dan terus
berpeganglah dengan sikap jujur. Bersungguh-sungguhlah kalian menjadi orang
yang jujur. Jauhilah perilaku dusta yang dapat mengantarkan pada kebinasaan.
Moga-moga kalian mendapati kelapangan dan jalan keluar atas perilaku jujur
tersebut.” </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Jujur merupakan sikap terpuji yang
dianjurkan oleh agama, ia selalu bersanding dengan kebenaran yang harus dikawal
dan ditegakkan, bahkan Allah SWT menyebut diri-Nya dengan Al-Haq yang artinya
Mahabenar. <br />
Pertama, perasaan enak dan hati tenang, jujur akan membuat pelakunya menjadi
tenang karena ia tidak takut akan diketahui kebohongannya. Baginda Rasul SAW
bersabda, ''Tinggalkanlah apa yang meragukanmu menuju perkara yang tidak
meragukanmu, sesungguhnya jujur adalah ketenangan sedangkan dusta adalah
keraguan.'' (HR Turmudzi dari riwayat Hasan bin Ali).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Kedua, mendapatkan keberkahan dalam
usahanya. Rasulullah SAW bersabda, ''Dua orang yang berjual beli mempunyai
pilihan (untuk melanjutkan transaksi ataupun membatalkannya) selama mereka belum
berpisah. Jika keduanya jujur dan menjelaskan barangnya maka akan diberkahi
jual beli mereka, dan jika mereka merahasiakan dan berdusta maka dihilangkan
keberkahan jual beli mereka.'' (HR Bukhari)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketiga, mendapat pahala seperti pahala
orang syahid di jalan Allah SWT. Rasulullah SAW bersabda, ''Barang siapa
meminta mati syahid dengan jujur, maka Allah akan mengantarkannya ke dalam
golongan orang-orang syahid, walaupun ia mati di atas kasurnya.'' (HR Muslim) .<br />
Keempat, selamat dari bahaya. Orang yang jujur walaupun pertama-tama ia merasa
berat akan tetapi pada akhirnya ia akan selamat dari berbagai bahaya.
Rasulullah SAW telah bersabda, ''Berperangailah selalu dengan kejujuran! Jika
engkau melihatnya jujur itu mencelakakan maka pada hakikatnya ia merupakan
keselamatan.'' (HR Ibnu Abi Ad-Dunya dari riwayat Manshur bin Mu'tamir).<br />
Kelima, dijamin masuk surga, sebagaimana sabda Rasulullah Muhammad SAW,
''Berikanlah kepadaku enam perkara niscaya aku akan jamin engkau masuk surga:
jujurlah jika engkau bicara, tepatilah jika engkau berjanji, tunaikanlah jika
engkau diberi amanat, jagalah kemaluanmu, tundukkan pandanganmu, dan jagalah
tanganmu.'' (HR Ahmad dari riwayat 'Ubadah bin Ash-Shamit).<br />
Keenam, dicintai oleh Allah dan Rasul-Nya. Rasulullah SAW bersabda, ''Jika
engkau ingin dicintai oleh Allah dan Rasul-Nya, maka tunaikanlah jika engkau
diberi amanah, jujurlah jika engkau bicara, dan berbuat baiklah terhadap orang
sekelilingmu.'' (HR Ath-Thabrani). Demikianlah, jujur penting sekali, terutama
di masa ketika segala aspek kehidupan dipenuhi kepalsuan dan dusta. Di manapun
berada, kejujuran harus di atas segalanya. Jujur adalah simbol profesionalisme
kerja dan inti dari kebaikan hati nurani seseorang. </span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7.
Mudharat Dusta</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dusta adalah dosa dan ‘aib yang amat
buruk. Di samping berbagai dalil dari Al Qur’an dan dan berbagai hadits, umat
Islam bersepakat bahwa berdusta itu haram. Di antara dalil tegas yang
menunjukkan haramnya dusta adalah hadits berikut ini,<br />
“Tanda orang munafik itu ada tiga, dusta dalam perkataan, menyelisihi janji
jika membuat janji dan khinat terhadap amanah.” </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Dari berbagai hadits terlihat jelas
bahwa sikap jujur dapat membawa pada keselamatan, sedangkan sikap dusta membawa
pada jurang kehancuran. Di antara kehancuran yang diperoleh adalah ketika di akhirat
kelak. Kita dapat menyaksikan pada hadits berikut,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">“Tiga (golongan) yang Allah tidak
berbicara kepada mereka pada hari Kiamat, tidak melihat kepada mereka, tidak
mensucikan mereka dan mereka akan mendapatkan siksaan yang pedih, yaitu: orang
yang sering mengungkit pemberiannya kepada orang, orang yang menurunkan
celananya melebihi mata kaki dan orang yang menjual barangnya dengan sumpah
dusta.” <br />
Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam begitu mencela orang yang tidak transparan
dengan menyembunyikan ‘aib barang dagangan ketika berdagang. Coba perhatikan
kisah dalam hadits dari Abu Hurairah, ia berkata,<br />
“Rasulullah shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam pernah melewati setumpuk makanan,
lalu beliau memasukkan tangannya ke dalamnya, kemudian tangan beliau menyentuh
sesuatu yang basah, maka pun beliau bertanya, "Apa ini wahai pemilik
makanan?" Sang pemiliknya menjawab, "Makanan tersebut terkena air
hujan wahai Rasulullah." Beliau bersabda, "Mengapa kamu tidak
meletakkannya di bagian makanan agar manusia dapat melihatnya? Ketahuilah,
barangsiapa menipu maka dia bukan dari golongan kami." Jika dikatakan
bukan termasuk golongan kami, berarti dosa menipu bukanlah dosa yang
biasa-biasa saja.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">BAB
III<br />
PENUTUP</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1. KESIMPULAN</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Jujur haruslah selalu
diutamakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, jadikanlah jujur sebagai suatu tiang
yang menopang hidup kita, jujur adalah akhlak dasar yang mendasari seluruh
kehidupan manusia, jadi, berusahalah berperilaku jujur.., yakinkanlah dalam
diri kita bahwa jujur tidak akan membuat diri kita rugi sedikitpun, jujur malah
akan membawa kita pada nikmat akhirat, sedangkan perilaku dusta yang selama ini
kita anggap untuk menguntungkan diri kita, buanglah jauh-jauh, kita harus
berpikir bahwa dusta itu lebih banyak mudharatnya. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">JUJUR..
OK<br />
DUSTA... NO!!</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2. SARAN-SARAN</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
Melalui makalah ini kami sampaikan juga beberapa saran yakni;</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Akui
dan Jujurlah bahwa Alloh Tuhan kita, kita adalah hambanya maka marilah kita
beribadah dengan sepenuh jiwa, ikhlas hanya karena mengharap ridla-Nya</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Mari
kita berusah Jujur dalam segala hal dan keadaan, jangan sampai kita
terprofokasi ungkapan “ yang jujur ga’ makan”, itu tidak benar. Yakinlah bahwa
yang member rizki bukan manusia tapi Alloh SWT.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hindarilah
sifat dusta karena itu merupakan awal dari kehancuran umat manusia.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></b></div>
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<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jalius HR </span></i><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://jalius12.wordpress.com/2010/03/28/pengertian-jujur/</span></i><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Abatasa</span></i><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">.</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
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<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">http://dahlan.abatasa.com/post/detail/2236/makna-sebuah-kejujuran</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"> <i>Masbro. </i></span></div>
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<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.acacicu.com/2011/08/jujur-adalah-tidak-berbohong.html</span></i><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Abatasa</span></i><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">. </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
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<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://dahlan.abatasa.com//indonesiajujur-kumpulan-motivasi.html</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
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<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://kebunhidayah.wordpress.com/2011/09/13/membiasakan-dan-menanamkan-sifat-kejujuran/</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
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<i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://id.shvoong.com/writing-and-speaking/2171366-manfaat-utama-berlaku-jujur-dalam/#ixzz1by7Z9liZ</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></div>
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Fadhilah OKUhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10281099993610775199noreply@blogger.com1